Ficus subgenus Pharmacosycea section Oreosycea (Moraceae) in the Solomon Islands, Fiji, and the New Hebrides

16 Pages·2002·1.9 MB·English

by  Berg, C C

BLUMEA 47 (2002) 299-314
Ficus subgenusPharmacosycea section Oreosycea
(Moraceae) in the Solomon Islands, Fiji,
andthe New Hebrides
C.C. Berg
The NorwegianArboretum/Botanical Institute,University ofBergen,5259Hjellestad,Norway
Summary
A survey ofthe species ofFicus subg. Pharmacosycea sect. Oreosycea for the western Pacific
region(excl. NewCaledonia)withdescriptions ofand akey to the speciespresently recognised
forthe regionispresented.Ten speciesarerecognised,ofwhichthree speciesand onesubspecies
arenew:F.bubulia C.C.Berg,F.magwanaC.C.Berg, F.magwana subsp.maragona C.C.Berg,
and F.setulosa C.C.Berg.
Key words:Ficus, sect.Oreosycea, Moraceae,western Pacific.
Introduction
Ficus subg. Pharmacosycea (Miq.) Miq. sect.Oreosycea (Miq.) Miq. comprises 55-
60species and hasarangeofdistributionfromWestAfrica and Madagascar toFiji
andNewCaledonia.Corner(1960)recognised threemajorsubdivisionsforthesection:
seriesVasculosaeCorner,seriesNervosaeCorner,andseriesAustrocaledonicaeCorner.
SeriesVasculosaecomprises 9 species andhasamainlyAfrican-Asianmainlanddis-
tribution.Itis distinguished by theabsenceofwaxy glandularspots. SeriesNervosae
(with c.20 species) andseriesAustrocaledonicae(with 25-30 species) show closer
affinitiesto each other than to series Vasculosae, such as in thepresence ofwaxy
glandular spots in theaxils ofthebasallateral veins andthecommonoccurrence of
‘Terminalia-branching i.e.having shootswithmostlythesecondinternodelong and
’,
subsequent ones gradually shorter so that the leaves become (more or less clearly)
clustered distally. Series Nervosaeis centred in eastern Malesiaand Corner(1960,
1967, 1970,1975) includedall Oreosycea species oftheSolomonIslands, as wellas
F. smithiifrom Fiji and the New Hebrides, in this series andhe placed the species
fromNewCaledoniaandadjacent islandsin seriesAustrocaledonicae.
Studies on the genusFicus carried out during thepreparation of atreatment for
FloraMalesiana- makinguseofamanuscriptsubmittedabout30yearsagoby Corner
- led to an investigation ofmaterialof sect. Oreosycea in the SolomonIslands in
ordertodelimittheMalesianspecies andtoverifytherecognition oftheseries Nervosae
andAustrocaledonicae.This sidelinestudy includesF. granatum,aspecies placed in
the latter series, with a distributionoverlapping that of F. smithii, andregarded by
Corner(1970)toberelatedtoF.pseudojaca, amemberoftheformerseries.Thestudy
showed thatonly three Malesianspecies ofsect. Oreosycea extendto the Solomon
300 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 2, 2002
Islands: F. hombronianaCorner, F. polyantha Warb.,and F. subtrinerviaLauterb.&
K. Schum.Moreover, itbecameclearthatthesethreespecies aredistinctfromother
species fromtheSolomonIslandsplacedinseriesNervosaeby Corner; they differin
thetextureofthelaminaanditscolourwhendried,inthemoreoftenandmoreclearly
clusteredleaves, thepresenceofcordatelaminabases,andthevariationinthelength
ofthepetioles on thesame twig. Thesecharacters match therange of variationof
seriesAustrocaledonicaeratherthan that ofseries Nervosae and the species with
,
thesecharacters haveto beincludedintheformerseries.
AdetailedstudyoftheNewCaledonianspecies (presently carriedonby S.Ungricht,
Montpellier) is neededto definetheMalesianand thePacific groups (series) more
accurately andto decideon thetaxonomicrank.
The sidelinestudy alsorevealedthepresenceofthreenewspecies, two in series
Autrocaledonicae, F. bubulia and F. magwana(with subsp. maragona), and one
in series Nervosae, F. setulosa. Moreover, it made clearthat F. cristobalensisand
F. edelfeltii var. bougainvillei have to be includedin F. novae-georgiae. Therefore,
eight Oreosycea species arepresently recognised fortheSolomonIslands.
KEY TO THESPECIES OFSECTION OREOSYCEA FROM
THE SOLOMON ISLANDS, FIJI, AND THE NEWHEBRIDES
la. Stipules glabrous oronly ciliolate;laminaglabrous or only verysparsely hairyon
themidribbeneath 2
b. Stipules hairy; laminamostly distinctly hairybeneathor sometimessubglabrous
6
2a. Stipules 0.5-1 cm long 4.F. illiberalis
b.Stipules 1-3.5 cmlong 3
3a. Indumentum(minutely and white) on thepetiole adaxially only; fig receptacle
0.3-0.6 cmin diam.when dry 1.F.bubulia
b.Indumentumon thepetiole also abaxially orabsent; figreceptacle 0.6-1.5cm in
diam.when dry 4
4a. Tertiary venationparallel to thelateral veins (with 1-3 secondary lateral veins
betweentheprimary ones) 10.F. subtrinervia
b. Tertiary venationofthelaminascalariform,reticulatetosubscalariform(with one
or fewtransverse veinsintheintercostalarea)or to(largely) parallel tothelateral
veins 5
5a. Leaves in spirals; basal pair oflateral veins distinct; figs (sub)sessile (but the
receptacle stipitate),thebasal bracts verticillate 3. F. hombroniana
b.Leaves (sub)distichous; basal pair oflateral veins not or hardly distinct; figs
pedunculate, thebasalbracts usually scattered 7.F. polyantha
6a. Stipules 0.5-1 cm long.— SolomonIslands, widespread
5a.F. magwanasubsp. magwana
b.Stipules 1-3.5cmlong 7
7a. Petioles varying in length onthesame twig;laminamostly chartaceous to sub-
coriaceous 8
b.Petioles aboutsimilar in length on thesame twig; laminamostly coriaceousto
subcoriaceous 10
C.C.Berg: Ficus subgenus Pharmacosycea section Oreosycea 301
8a.Lamina± denselyhairy ontheveinsbeneath,thebaseoftencordate.— Solomon
Islands 6. F. novae-georgiae
b.Lamina glabrous or sparsely hairy in the main vein beneath.—Fiji andNew
Hebrides 9
9a.Figpeduncle 0.8-1.3cm long, thereceptacle 0.6-1 cmindiam.when dry;leafy
twig ±angular, sparsely hairy.—FijiandNew Hebrides 9.F. smithii
b.Figpeduncle upto0.8cm long,thereceptacle 1.5-2cmindiam.when dry;leafy
twig subtereteand mostlyrather densely hairy.— NewHebrides
2.F. granatum
10a. Tertiary venationparallel to the lateral veins (with 1-3 secondary lateral veins
betweentheprimary ones) 10.F. subtrinervia
b. Tertiary venationofthelaminareticulateto largely parallel to thelateral veins
11
1la. Petiole0.5-1 cmlong; figreceptacle withabundantinternalbristles
8.F. setulosa
b.Petiole(0.5-)1-3.5cm long; figreceptacle withoutinternalbristles 12
12a.Laminacoriaceous, dryingbrown;figssubsessileandthereceptacle withastipe
0.2-0.8cmlong. — SolomonIslands, widespread 3.F. hombroniana
b.Laminasubcoriaceous,drying greenish to yellowish; figswithapeduncle (0.1-)
0.3-7cm long andthereceptacle non-stipitateor withastipe upto0.3 cm long.
— SolomonIslands, SantaCruz island grouponly
5b. F. magwanasubsp. maragona
1.FicusbubuliaC.C. Berg, spec. nov. —Fig. 1
Stipulaeglabrae, 1-3.5cm longae.Petiolus tantumadaxialiterpubescens.Ficirecepta-
culum glabrum0.3-0.6 cm diam. in sicco. —Typus: I. Gafuietal. BSIP 15346 (holo
BSIP;K,L), Solomon Islands, SmallNggela,SalesapaBush, 5 May 1969.
Treesupto 12mtall, withbuttressesupto 1 m high. Branchlets drying(pale)brown.
Leafy twigs2-3mmthick, hollow,±angular, minutely whitishappressed-puberulous
tosubglabrous. Leavesinspirals, distantalongthetwig or±clearly clustereddistally;
laminaoblanceolateto subobovatetooblong, 4-15(-20)by 1.5-6cm, symmetric,
coriaceous, dryingbrown, basecuneate to subattenuateor to obtuse, margin entire,
flat,apex(sub)acuminate toobtuse;uppersurface glabrous, dullwhen dry,lowersur-
face glabrous, smooth;cystolithsonly beneath;midribalmostflatabove,lateralveins
(7—)9—12(—13) pairs, tertiaryvenationreticulate,thesmallerveinsalmostflatbeneath;
waxy glands intheaxils ofthe basallateralveins,often faintor small; petiole 0.4-2
cm long, similar inlength on the sametwig, minutely whiteappressed-puberulous,
only adaxially, epidermisflaking off; stipules 1-2cm long,oftenfinelystriate,glabrous
or ciliolate, caducous. Figs axillary, solitary or inpairs; peduncle 0.2-0.6cm long;
basalbracts 3,(almost)verticillate, 0.5-1mmlong, persistent; receptacle subglobose,
whendry0.3-0.6cmindiam.,non-stipitate orwithastipe upto0.2cmlong, receptacle
glabrous, atmaturity yellow, apexconvex, ostiole 0.5-1 mmindiam., slightly prom-
inent. Internalbristlesabsent. Tepals red, glabrous. Stamen 1.
Distribution—SolomonIslands(Big Nggela,Bougainville, Guadalcanal, Malaita,
New Georgia, SmallNggela, andSantaIsabel).
302 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 2, 2002
Fig. 1.Ficus bubulia C.C.Berg(Gafuietal.BSIP 15346,L), Solomon Islands,Small Nggela.
C.C.Berg: Ficus subgenusPharmacosycea section Oreosycea 303
Habitat—Forest; at lowaltitudes.
Notes— 1.The epithet isbasedononeofthevernacularnames (Beeretal. BSIP
7844and Gafui etal. 15346).
2.Materialofthisspecies (includingLipaqueto BSIP3463),as wellas thatpresently
treatedunderF. magwana,was includedin F. smithiiby Corner(1967).
3.Thisspecies resemblesF. magwana,inparticularsubsp. magwana,underwhich
some differencesare mentioned.
2.Ficus granatumForst.f.
Ficus granatum G.Forst.(1786),n.408;Comer(1965)33;(1970)413,f. 18.—Type:G.Forster
248b (holo?BM), New Hebrides,Tanna.
FicusgranatumG.Forst.var.minorCorner(1960)414;(1970)415,f. 18.—Type:Kajewski 324
(holoK), New Hebrides,Aneityum,Eromanga
Treesup to 25 m tall. Branchletsdrying brownto greyish. Leafy twigs 2.5-9 mm
thick, hollow, slightly angular to subterete, ± densely brownishpuberulous to sub-
glabrous. Leaves inspirals, distantalong thetwig to+clearlyclustereddistally;lamina
elliptic tooblong, (3.5—) 10—24(—30)by (1.2—)4—12(—14) cm, symmetric, subcoria-
ceous to coriaceous, dryingbrownish, base rounded to narrowly truncate, margin
entire, flat, apex shortly andbluntly acuminateto subacute; uppersurface glabrous,
dullwhen dry, lower surface (very) sparsely appressed-puberulous on the midribto
glabrous, smooth;cystoliths onlybeneath;midribalmostflatabove,oftennot reaching
theapex,lateralveins(8-)9-14pairs,tertiary venationlooselyscalariformtoreticulate,
the smallerveins almost flatbeneath; waxy glands in theaxils ofthebasal lateral
veins; petiole 1—7(—9) cmlong,± clearlyvarying inlength onthesametwig,sparsely
white appressed-puberulous, epidermis flaking off; stipules 1-2 cm long, densely
brownish to whitishappressed-puberulous to subsericeous, caducous. Figs axillary,
solitary (onthe mainshootsoronshortandsmall-leavedshootson theolderwood),
withapeduncle 0.2-0.8cm long orsessile; basalbracts 3, verticillate,2-3mmlong,
persistent; receptacle subglobose to ellipsoid, when dry 1.5-2 cm in diam., with a
stipe up to 0.8 cm long or absent, receptacle densely brownish puberulous onthe
wholesurfaceor mainlyaroundtheostiole, atmaturityred,apex convex toumbonate
or tocrateriform, ostiole 1.5-3mm indiam., prominent or sunken.Internalbristles
abundant.Pedicelshairy. Tepals reddish, glabrous. Stamens(1), 2or 3.
Distribution— NewHebrides (Ambrym, Aneityum, Eromanga, andTanna).
Habitat—Forest; ataltitudes upto 800 m.
Note—Thisspecies shows closeaffinitiestoF. smithii, fromwhichitdiffers, e.g.,
inthelarger figreceptacle, thebrownishcolourofdriedleaves,thedenserindumentum
ontheleafy twigs andstipules, andthe hairy pedicels.
3. Ficus hombronianaCorner
Ficus hombroniana Comer(1960)410;(1965)30;(1967)73,f.12.—Type:Brass 28598(holoA;
L),PapuaNew Guinea,Woodlark Island,Kulumadau,3 Nov. 1956.
Ficus madhucifoliaCorner(1960) 412;(1965) 32.—Type: Buwalda 3719 (holoL), Indonesia,
SSulawesi,Bantimurung, 20Feb. 1938.
304 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 2, 2002
Trees up to 30 m tall, with buttresses up to 1.5 m high. Branchlets drying brown.
Leafy twigs 3-5mmthick, solid,+angular, minutely whitepuberulous to glabrous.
Leaves in spirals, ± clearly distantalongthetwig;laminaelliptic to oblong to(sub)-
obovate, 8-20by 4.5-10.5cm, symmetric, coriaceous, dryingbrown, base cuneate
totruncate, marginentire, flat,apex shortly andbluntly (sub)acuminate to obtuse(to
rounded); upper surface glabrous, ± shining to dullwhen dry, lower surface (very)
sparsely puberulous on themidribor also on thelateral veins to glabrous, smooth;
cystoliths only beneath; midribalmostflatabove,lateralveins 7-12pairs, thebasal
pair± distinct, tertiary venationreticulateto largely parallel to thelateralveins, the
smallerveins almostflatbeneath; waxy glands in theaxilsofthebasal lateralveins;
petiole 1-3cmlong, similarinlengthonthesametwig,appressed-puberulous togla-
brous, epidermis flaking off; stipules (1-)1.5-3.5cm long, densely whiteappressed-
puberulous to glabrous, caducous.Figs axillary, inpairs,(sub)sessile; basalbracts3,
0.5-1.5 mm long, persistent, densely puberulous; receptacle subglobose, when dry
0.6-1.2cmindiam.,withastipe0.2-0.8cmlong, receptacle sparsely whitepuberulous
to glabrous, atmaturity reddish, apexconvex, ostiolec.2 mmindiam.,±prominent.
Internalbristlesabsent. Tepals red, glabrous. Stamen 1.
Distribution—Sulawesi,Moluccas, NewGuinea,andSolomonIslands(Bougain-
ville,Kolombangara, Malaita,Malaupaina, SanCristobal, andSantaCruz).
Habitat—Forest; atlow altitudes.
Note—ThematerialfromtheSolomonIslandsis slightlydifferentfromthatfrom
Malesia,mostclearly so inthe relatively shortstipules.
4. Ficus illiberalisCorner
Ficus illiberalis Comer (1967)80,f. 17.—Type: CornerRSS20 (holoK;L), Solomon Islands,
San Cristobal,Warahito/Pegatodivide,28 July 1965
Trees up to 30 m tall, with buttresses up to 1 m high. Branchlets drying brown to
blackish.Leafy twigs2.5-4mmthick,hollow,± angular, sparsely andminutely white
puberulous tosubglabrous. Leaves inspirals, distantalong thetwig;laminaoblanceo-
lateto subobovate, 6-14 by 1.8-5.5cm, symmetric, subcoriaceous to chartaceous,
dryinggreenish to yellowish, basecuneate toobtuse, marginentire, flat, apexobtuse
torounded; upper surface glabrous, dullwhen dry,lower surface glabrous, smooth;
cystolithsonly beneath;midribalmostflatabove,notreaching theapex,lateral veins
8-10pairs,tertiary venationreticulatetolargely paralleltothelateralveins,thesmaller
veinsalmostflatbeneath; waxy glands intheaxils ofthebasallateral veins; petiole
0.6-1.5cmlong,almostsimilarinlength onthesametwig,sparsely whiteappressed-
puberulous, epidermis flaking off; stipules 0.5-1 cm long, glabrous, caducous.Figs
axillary,solitary orinpairs; peduncle 0.2-0.5cmlong; basalbracts 3,(almost)verticil-
late,0.5-1mmlong, persistent;receptacle subglobose, when dry0.6-0.7cmindiam.,
with astipe up to0.2 cm long orabsent, receptacle glabrous, atmaturity red, apex
convex,ostiole0.5-1 mmindiam.,slightly prominent.Internalbristlesabsent.Tepals
red, glabrous. Stamens 1 (or 2).
Distribution— SolomonIslands(SanCristobal,Guadalcanal,andKolombangara).
Habitat Forest.
—
C.C.Berg: Ficus subgenusPharmacosycea section Oreosycea 305
5.Ficus magwanaC.C. Berg, spec. nov.
Stipulae pubescentes 0.5-1 cm longae. Petiolus 0.7-2 cm longus. Fici receptaculum
glabrum0.4-0.6cm indiam. in sicco.—Typus: L.Maenu'u BSIP6032(holoBSIP;L),
Solomon Islands, New Georgia,TiraRiver, 17June 1965.
Trees up to 12 m tall, with buttresses up to 0.6 m high. Branchlets drying (pale)
brown. Leafy twigs 2.5-4mm thick, hollow or solid, ± angular, whitepuberulous
onthescars ofthestipulestosubglabrous. Leaves inspirals,± clearlyclustereddistal-
ly onthetwig;laminaoblanceolatetosubobovate,7-20by 1.5-6.5cm,symmetric,
chartaceous to subcoriaceous, drying greenish, base cuneate to obtuseto narrowly
truncate orto narrowlysubcordate,marginentire,flat,apexacuminate;uppersurface
glabrous,dullwhendry, lowersurface(sparsely)appressed-puberulous onthemidrib
(or glabrous), smooth; cystoliths only beneath; midrib slightly impressed above,
reaching thetopoftheacumenor not,lateralveins8-12pairs,thebasalpair(slightly)
distinct, tertiary venationreticulatetolargely parallel tothelateralveins,thesmaller
veinsalmostflatbeneath; waxy glands intheaxils ofthe basallateral veins; petiole
0.7-2cmlong, similarinlengthonthesametwig,sparsely whiteappressed-puberulous,
epidermisflakingoff; stipules0.5-1or 1-2cmlong, yellowish appressed-puberulous
tosubsericeous, oftenonly on thekeel, caducous. Figs axillary, solitary or inpairs;
peduncle 0.1-2cmlong;basalbracts3,(almost)verticillate, 0.5-1mmlong,persistent;
receptacle subglobose, when dry0.4-1.2cm indiam.,non-stipitateor withastipe up
to0.3cmlong, receptacle glabrous, atmaturity yellowtored,apex convex toslightly
umbonate,ostiole0.5-1 mm indiam., flat to slightly sunken, surroundedby a low
rim.Internalbristles absent. Tepals red, glabrous. Stamen 1.
Notes — 1.The epithet isbasedon oneof the vernacularnames for thisspecies
(BSIP6032).
2.Two subspecies can be distinguished: one widespread inthe SolomonIslands
andtheotherconfinedto the SantaCruz island group.
a. subsp. magwana—Fig. 2
Leavesclustereddistallyonthetwig;laminachartaceoustosubcoriaceous,basecuneate
to narrowly truncate,apex distinctlyacuminate; lowersurface(sparsely) appressed-
puberulous onthemidrib;midribreaching thetopoftheacumen; petiolebrownwhen
dry;stipules 0.5-1 cmlong. Figpeduncle (0.5-)1-2cmlong;receptacle0.4-0.6cm
in diam.when dry,non-stipitate or upwith astipe to0.3 cm long.
Distribution— SolomonIslands(Big Nggela, Guadalcanal,Kolombangara, New
Georgia,Ranongga, SantaIsabel,andVellaLavella).
Habitat—Forest.
Notes— 1.Thematerialon whichthisnewspecies is based, hasbeenincludedin
F. smithiiBakerby Corner(1970: 84, f.20).
2. This subspecies resembles somewhatF. bubulia,, which is distinctby thecoria-
ceous laminawith theapex subacuminatetoobtuse, the (almost) glabrous stipules,
andtheleavesusually moreor less clearly distantalong thetwig.
306 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 2, 2002
Fig. 2.Ficus magwana C.C.Bergsubsp.magwana (WhitmoreBSIP1887,L), Solomon Islands,
Rendova Island.
C.C.Berg: Ficus subgenusPharmacosycea section Oreosycea 307
Fig. 3. Ficus magwana C.C. Bergsubsp.maragona C.C.Berg(Piaito BSIP7060, L), Solomon
Islands,Vanikoro Island.
308 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 2, 2002
b.subsp. maragonaC.C. Berg, subsp. nov. —Fig. 3
Stipulae pubescentes 1-2 cm longae. Petiolus 0.7-2 cm longus. Fici receptaculum
glabrum 0.6-1.2 indiam. in sicco. —Typus: R.Mauriasi etal.BSIP 17738 (holoL),
Solomon Islands,Santa Cruz, 20 Oct. 1969.
Leaves ± clearly distantalong the twig to clustered distally; laminasubcoriaceous,
basetruncate tosubcordate(ortoobtuse), apexshortlyandbluntly acuminatetoobtuse;
lowersurfacevery sparselyappressed-puberulous to glabrous;midriboftennotreach-
ing thetop ofthe acumen;petiole red-brown when dry; stipules 1-2cm long. Fig
peduncle (0.1—)0.3—0.7cmlong; receptacle0.6-1.2cmindiam.whendry,non-stipitate
towith astipe upto0.3 cm long.
Distribution— SolomonIslands(Santa Cruz).
Habitat—Forest.
Notes— 1.Theepithet isbasedonthe vernacularnameusedinSantaCruz (Mciu-
riasiBSIP 16723and 17738).
2.This subspecies resemblessomewhatF. smithiifromFiji.
3. Collection T.C. WhitmoreBSIP 1627was includedwithdoubtin F. illiberalis
(Corner, 1967:81).
6. Ficus novae-georgiae Corner
Ficus novae-georgiaeCorner (1967)76, f. 15.—Type: WhitmoreBSIPi1275(holoL),Solomon
Islands,NewGeorgia,WestVangunu,BopoVillage, 17Dec. 1962.
Ficus edelfeltii Kingvar. bougainvillei Comer (1961) 85, f. 1; (1967)76, f. 14. — Syntypes:
CornerNGF3559(L),New Guinea,Bougainville,Arawa,Oct.1960;CornerNGF13568(K,
L)and NGF 13570 (K, L), New Guinea,Bougainville, Crown Prince Mountains,Oct. 1960,
andWaterhouseB313 (nottraced),NewGuinea,Bougainville;CornerNGF13570(L)herewith
designatedasthe lectotype; isolectotypeK.
Ficuscristobalenensis Comer(1967)78,f. 16.—Type:WhitmoreRSS6199(holoK;L),Solomon
Islands, San Cristobal,confluence ofWarahito andPegatoRivers, 22July 1965.
Ficus cristobalensis Cornervar.malaitana Corner, ined.
Treesupto 24m tall, withbuttresses upto 1m high.Branchletsdrying (dark)brown.
Leafytwigs4-10(-20)mmthick,hollow,± angular, brownishappressed-puberulous;
internodesshort. Leaves in spirals, ± clearly clustereddistally to distantalong the
twig; laminasubobovatetoobovate tooblanceolateto subpandurate tooblong orto
elliptic, 12-40by5-18cm,symmetric, subcoriaceoustochartaceous, drying greenish
to pale brown, base(deeply) cordateto truncate to cuneate, marginentire, flat, apex
acuminate(to subacute);uppersurface glabrousorsparsely puberulous andglabrescent,
dullwhen dry,lowersurfacesparsely todensely appressed-puberulous onthemidrib
or also the lateral veins to hirtellous (to subhispidulous also on the smaller veins,
smooth(orscabridulous;cystoliths onlybeneath;midribslightlyimpressedinthelower
part toflatintheupperpartabove,lateralveins 10-20pairs, 1-4smallerlateralveins
below themajor basal ones, tertiary venationscalariform to reticulate, the smaller
veins slightly prominent beneath; waxy glands intheaxilsofthe(main)basallateral
veins; petiole 1.5-5 cm long, ± differentin length on the sametwig, (sparsely) to
densely puberulous tosubvelutinous, epidermis flaking off; stipules 1-3.5 cm long,
brownishsubsericeous, caducous. Figs axillary, inpairs or solitary, sessile or with a
peduncle up to 1.5 cm long; basal bracts 3, verticillate, 1-6 mm long, persistent or