Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology, Second Edition PDF
Preview Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology, Second Edition
Fermentation Microbiolog y and Biotechnolog y Second Edition 5334.indb 1 8/16/06 11:03:51 PM 5334.indb 2 8/16/06 11:03:51 PM Fermentation Microbiolog y and Biotechnolog y Second Edition E.M.T. El-Mansi, Editor-in-Chief C.F.A. Bryce, Senior Editor A.L. Demain, Associate Editor A.R. Allman, Associate Editor Boca Raton London New York CRC is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business 5334.indb 3 8/16/06 11:03:51 PM CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487‑2742 © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid‑free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number‑10: 0‑8493‑5334‑3 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number‑13: 978‑0‑8493‑5334‑5 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any informa‑ tion storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC) 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978‑750‑8400. CCC is a not‑for‑profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For orga‑ nizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Fermentation microbiology and biotechnology / E.M.T. El‑Mansi, editor‑in‑chief ; C.F.A. Bryce, senior editor ; A.L. Demain, associate editor, A.R. Allman, associate editor. ‑‑ 2nd ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0‑8493‑5334‑3 1. Microbial biotechnology. 2. Fermentation. I. El‑Mansi, Mansi. [DNLM: 1. Industrial Microbiology. 2. Fermentation‑‑physiology. 3. Microbiological Techniques. QW 75 F3596 2006] TP248.27.M53F467 2006 660’.28449‑‑dc22 2006009173 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com 5334.indb 4 8/16/06 11:03:52 PM I wish to dedicate my contribution, with affection, to my sons Adam and Sammy, in the hope that it provides a stepping stone in their progress in higher education. Forgive me, boys, for having to spend so much time away from you. Dr. Mansi El-Mansi 5334.indb 5 8/16/06 11:03:52 PM 5334.indb 6 8/16/06 11:03:52 PM Preface “Never underestimate the power of the microbe”. Jackson W. Foster The versatility and diverse array of microbial biosynthetic path- ways are currently being exploited by the fermentation industry for the production of important primary metabolites including amino acids, nucleotides, vitamins, solvents, and organic acids, as well as secondary metabolites such as antibiotics, hypocho- lesterolemic agents, enzyme inhibitors, immunosuppressants, and antitumor compounds. Current advances in proteomics, metabolomics, functional genomics, bioinformatics, and cell immobilization as well as sensor technology are currently being exploited in drug development programs with the view of increasing titres and yields of microbial processes. Micro- organisms, both free-living as well as immobilized, are also extremely useful in carrying out biotransformation processes to the extent that they have become essential in the production of single-isomer intermediates. The best is yet to come as we enter a new era in which the conversion of renewable resources to energy, e.g., the conversion of lignocellulosic waste to ethanol, is a major goal. In recognition of current advances in the field, the second edition builds on the fine pedigree of the first and extends the spectrum of the book to reflect the multidisciplinary and buoy- ant nature of this subject. The following new chapters, written by eminent scientists in the field, have been introduced: • Products of primary metabolism • Metabolic and co-factor engineering and their role in the fermentation and pharmaceutical industries • The conversion of renewable resources to fine chemicals • Cell immobilization and its role in the fermentation and pharmaceutical industries More exciting advances are still to come as the complete sequencing of industrially important microbial genomes is unraveled. Functional genomics and proteomics are already major tools in the search for new drugs and the development of overproducing strains. vii 5334.indb 7 8/16/06 11:03:52 PM viii Preface In future editions, we will endeavor to keep readers, academ- ics, as well as industrialists, abreast with current advances and future prospects within this exciting and ever-changing field. The Editorial Team June 2006 5334.indb 8 8/16/06 11:03:52 PM Acknowledgments The work presented in this book collectively draws on the work of great many researchers including our distinguished authors, and highly regarded academics and industrial experts drawn from different disciplines within the fermentation and the phar- maceutical industries. It also owes much to the influence of many peers and colleagues worldwide, who are too numerous to mention. I wish to thank my editorial team for being very helpful, sup- portive and responsive at all times. In particular, I wish to thank Arnold (Arny) Demain not only for helpful advice but also for his many sound contributions to science, which lit the path for many microbial biochemists—the Arny’s army. I am greatly indebted to a good number of colleagues and friends, in particular R. Leake, I. Hunter, M. Arshad, M. Atif and G. Lang for their kind help and support. It is also fitting to thank the team at the Taylor & Francis Group for their skills in transforming our manuscripts into a high-quality book, which I hope meets with your expectations as a reader. The credit for producing this book is only partly ours; it is the blame that rests totally with us. Have a good read. Dr. Mansi El-Mansi Editor-in-Chief ix 5334.indb 9 8/16/06 11:03:52 PM
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