Female Entrepreneurship in Transition Economies: Trends and Challenges

309 Pages·2015·2.059 MB·English

by  Veland Ramadani, Shqipe Gërguri-Rashiti, Alain Fayolle (eds.)

Praise for Female Entrepreneurship in
Transition Economies:
“Veland Ramadani, Shqipe Gërguri-Rashiti and Alain Fayolle have
addressed an important topic particularly for academics, government
officials, and business people in their book Female Entrepreneurship in
Transitional Economies. Appropriate authors from a variety of countries
and positions were selected to look at the important aspects of this topic
from different cultural views. As such, the book provides a compre-
hensive picture of the issues involved from both a theoretical and an
empirical perspective. The book contributes to the understanding of one
of the most important and strongest economic engines in a transition
economy – the female entrepreneur.”
—Robert D. Hisrich, Thunderbird School of
Global Management, USA
“Women’s entrepreneurship is a rapidly growing phenomenon in transi-
tion economies. For the first time, this new book offers in-depth analy-
sis of the challenges and opportunities women entrepreneurs encounter
as they launch and grow businesses and, more importantly, strive to
achieve equality in the business world. The research provides a founda-
tion for understanding women’s entrepreneurship from multiple per-
spectives and has implications for women, their businesses and country
policies. This is a great reference for educators, policy-makers and
entrepreneurs.”
—Candida Brush, Babson College, USA
“Here is a new, fresh book on female entrepreneurship, still an underes-
timated topic by researchers and policy-makers, especially in the specific
conditions in transition economies. This book gives some additional
insights on the field from authors from different countries. They research
and discuss almost all important issues of female entrepreneurship like
the nature of female entrepreneurship and its performance, problems
and challenges, credibility of female entrepreneurship, gender inequal-
ity, innovativeness, motivation problems and challenges and need of
stronger institutional support. So, I would like to recommend this valu-
able book to researchers, entrepreneurs (not only women, but also men),
and policy-makers to enrich their knowledge, vision and sense for good
practice.”
—Kiril Todorov Bulgarian Association for Management
Development and Entrepren eurship, Bulgaria
“This compendium of current research offers a wealth of insights into
the opportunities and challenges facing women entrepreneurs and small
business owners in transition economies around the world. Of particu-
lar note is the wide geographic coverage, as well as the nice balance
between contributions discussing issues salient to women entrepreneurs
worldwide, such as access to finance or career management, and survey
chapters presenting profiles of women’s entrepreneurship in countries
as diverse as Nigeria, Chile and Albania. This book will be of interest
to students of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship in emerging markets
(economies in transition, in particular), gender, and economic devel-
opment, among others. Academics doing research on female entrepre-
neurship and entrepreneurship in emerging economies will find fresh
and intriguing empirical evidence from contexts not readily covered by
mainstream entrepreneurship or gender research. Last, but not least, this
collection will be a valuable reference for researchers and policy-makers
at international organizations and NGOs seeking to promote economic
development and female entrepreneurship in emerging markets.”
—Tatiana Manolova, Bentley University, USA
“This volume is very useful for anyone interested in learning about
the specific features of female entrepreneurship in countries transi-
tioning both economically and socially. The chapters focus mainly
on Southeastern Europe but other regions are included providing new
insights into the realities for female entrepreneurs in various country
contexts. This book makes a valuable contribution to the literature,
opening up new avenues for future research.”
—Ruta Aidis, George Mason University, USA
Female Entrepreneurship
in Transition Economies
Trends and Challenges
Edited by
Veland Ramadani
South-East European University, Macedonia
Shqipe Gërguri-Rashiti
American University of Middle East, Kuwait
Alain Fayolle
EMLYON Business School, France
Selection and editorial matter © Veland Ramadani, Shqipe Gërguri-Rashiti and
Alain Fayolle 2015
Foreword © David Smallbone 2015
Foreword © Alan L. Carsrud 2015
Individual chapters © Contributors 2015
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-44449-3
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be
made without written permission.
No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with
written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued
by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.
Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable
to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in
accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2015 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered
in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS.
Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Palgrave is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies
and representatives throughout the world.
Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States,
the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-349-49568-9 ISBN 978-1-137-44451-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9781137444516
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and
sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected
to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ramadani, Veland.
Female entrepreneurship in transition economies : trends and challenges / Veland
Ramadani, South-East European University, Macedonia Shqipe Gërguri-Rashiti, South-East
European University, Macedonia Alain Fayolle, EMLYON Business School, France.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Businesswomen—Former communist countries. 2. Women-owned business
enterprises—Former communist countries. 3. Entrepreneurship—Former communist
countries. 4. Businesswomen—Developing countries. 5. Women-owned business
enterprises—Developing countries. 6. Entrepreneurship—Developing countries.
I. Gërguri-Rashiti, Shqipe, 1979– II. Fayolle, Alain. III. Title.
HD6072.6.F6R36 2015
338’.04082—dc23 2015001742
To my wife, Lindita, my sons, Rron and Rrezon, and
female entrepreneurs all over the world
Veland Ramadani
To my husband, Berat, and my daughters, would-be
female entrepreneurs, Lina and Aja
Shqipe Gërguri-Rashiti
To female entrepreneurs for their willingness to
undertake a better world
Alain Fayolle
This page intentionally left blank
Contents
List of Figures ix
List of Tables and Exhibits xii
Forewords
David Smallbone xv
Alan L. Carsrud xviii
Acknowledgements xxi
Notes on Editors xxii
Notes on Contributors xxiv
List of Abbreviations xxx
1 Introduction: Female Entrepreneurship in Transition
Economies as a Significant but Understudied Field 1
Veland Ramadani, Alain Fayolle and Shqipe Gërguri-Rashiti
2 Female Entrepreneurship in Transition Economies:
An Overview 9
ć ć
Mirjana Radovi -Markovi
3 Motivational Factors of Female Entrepreneurs 31
Alicia Mas-Tur, Domingo Ribeiro Soriano and Norat Roig-Tierno
4 Female Entrepreneurs’ Start-Ups: Emotional
Versus Traditional Support 45
Mateja Vadnjal and Jaka Vadnjal
5 Gender-based Determinants of Innovative Activity
in Southeast European Established Entrepreneurs 67
č
Karin Širec and Dijana Mo nik
6 Does an Entrepreneur’s Gender Matter for Credibility
and Financing of SMEs? 87
Natalia Vershinina, Yulia Rodionova and Susan Marlow
viii Contents
7 Privileging Women’s Voices and Experiences: A Career
Perspective to Study Female Entrepreneurship in
Transition Economies 113
Ziyu Long
8 Gender (In)equality in Entrepreneurship: Challenges
for Romania 129
Emilia Herman and Zsuzsanna Katalin Szabo
9 The Profile of Female Entrepreneurs in the Republic
of Macedonia 159
Veland Ramadani, Léo-Paul Dana, Shqipe Gërguri-Rashiti
and Hyrije Abazi-Alili
10 Female Entrepreneurship in Albania: State, Trends,
and Challenges 181
Arbër Demeti, Erjona Rebi and Tefta Demeti
11 The Tourism and Hospitality Industry: Case Studies
of Female Polish Entrepreneurs 201
Alina M. Zapalska and Dallas Brozik
12 Female Social Entrepreneurship in Turkey 225
Duygu Uygur, Elif Bezal Kahraman and Gonca Günay
13 Women Entrepreneurs in Chile: Three Decades of
Challenges and Lessons in Innovation and
Business Sustainability 247
Maria-Teresa Lepeley, Olga Pizarro and Vesna Mandakovic
14 One Nigerian “Femtrepreneur”: A Case Study of Virtue
in Business 265
Kemi Ogunyemi
Index 279
List of Figures
6.1 Credibility and stakeholder influences 90
8.1 Structure of SMEs in Romania classified by size,
2008–2012 (number of enterprises) 132
8.2 Structure of number of enterprises, employment,
and GVA by size, 2012 (%) 133
8.3 Share of occupied population by ownership type and
by gender, 2012 134
8.4 Structure of employment in the private sector by
main activities of national economy 134
8.5 Direct correlation between SMEs and economic
development in Romania, 2002–2012 137
8.6 Entrepreneurial activities in Romania and the EU,
2007–2013 137
8.7 Entrepreneurial entities that can be considered WOBs 139
8.8 TEA rates versus Established Business (EB) ownership
for females and males in Romania, 2007–2012,
and Europe, 2012 (%) 141
8.9 Fear of failure versus opportunity perceptions in
Romania, 2007–2012 143
8.10 Employment structure by professional status in
Romania, 2002–2012 (%) 145
8.11 Self-employment/private entrepreneurs in Romania
(thousand persons) 145
8.12 Private entrepreneurs in Romania 146
8.13 Relations between the level of urbanization, the
number of SMEs, and the GDP per capita 146
8.14 Female entrepreneurship (self-employment) in
Romania, 2002–2012 (thousand persons) 149
ix