Feline anesthesia and pain management PDF
Preview Feline anesthesia and pain management
FelineAnesthesiaandPainManagement Feline Anesthesia and Pain Management Edited by Paulo Steagall UniversitédeMontréal,Saint-Hyacinthe,Canada Sheilah Robertson LapofLoveVeterinaryHospice,Lutz,FL,UnitedStates Polly Taylor TaylorMonroe,LittleDownham,Ely,UnitedKingdom Thiseditionfirstpublished2018 2018JohnWiley&Sons,Inc. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyform orbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedbylaw.Adviceonhow toobtainpermissiontoreusematerialfromthistitleisavailableathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. TherightofPauloSteagall,SheilahRobertson,andPollyMTaylortobeidentifiedastheeditorsoftheeditorialmaterialin thisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewithlaw. RegisteredOffice JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USA EditorialOffice 111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USA Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,customerservices,andmoreinformationaboutWileyproductsvisitusatwww. wiley.com. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformatsandbyprint-on-demand.Somecontentthatappearsin standardprintversionsofthisbookmaynotbeavailableinotherformats. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty Thecontentsofthisworkareintendedtofurthergeneralscientificresearch,understanding,anddiscussiononlyandare notintendedandshouldnotberelieduponasrecommendingorpromotingscientificmethod,diagnosis,ortreatmentby physiciansforanyparticularpatient.Inviewofongoingresearch,equipmentmodifications,changesingovernmental regulations,andtheconstantflowofinformationrelatingtotheuseofmedicines,equipment,anddevices,thereaderis urgedtoreviewandevaluatetheinformationprovidedinthepackageinsertorinstructionsforeachmedicine,equipment, ordevicefor,amongotherthings,anychangesintheinstructionsorindicationofusageandforaddedwarningsand precautions.Whilethepublisherandauthorshaveusedtheirbesteffortsinpreparingthiswork,theymakeno representationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisworkandspecifically disclaimallwarranties,includingwithoutlimitationanyimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticular purpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysalesrepresentatives,writtensalesmaterialsorpromotional statementsforthiswork.Thefactthatanorganization,website,orproductisreferredtointhisworkasacitationand/or potentialsourceoffurtherinformationdoesnotmeanthatthepublisherandauthorsendorsetheinformationorservices theorganization,website,orproductmayprovideorrecommendationsitmaymake.Thisworkissoldwiththe understandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.Theadviceandstrategiescontained hereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.Youshouldconsultwithaspecialistwhereappropriate.Further,readers shouldbeawarethatwebsiteslistedinthisworkmayhavechangedordisappearedbetweenwhenthisworkwaswritten andwhenitisread.Neitherthepublishernorauthorsshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyothercommercialdamages, includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Steagall,PauloV.M.,author.|Robertson,SheilahA.,author.| Taylor,PollyM.,author. Title:Felineanesthesiaandpainmanagement/byPauloV.M.Steagall, SheilahA.Robertson,PollyTaylor. Description:Hoboken,NJ:Wiley,2018.|Includesbibliographicalreferences andindex.| Identifiers:LCCN2017026911(print)|LCCN2017027877(ebook)|ISBN 9781119167846(pdf)|ISBN9781119167877(epub)|ISBN9781119167808(pbk.) Subjects:|MESH:CatDiseases–drugtherapy|PainManagement–veterinary| Anesthesia–veterinary Classification:LCCSF985(ebook)|LCCSF985.S742018(print)|NLMSF985 |DDC636.8/089796–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2017026911 Coverimages:Courtesyoftheeditors CoverdesignbyWiley Setin10/12ptWarnockPro-RegularbyThomsonDigital,Noida,India 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Dedication PauloSteagall TomymotherIlzawhohasalwayssupportedmy dreams.TomypartnerincrimeBeatrizMonteiro whoacceptedmetoridealonginthisjourney.To myfatherwhotaughtmetheloveforcats.ToPolly TaylorandSheilahRobertsonforbelieving.This bookisforallcatsandforpeoplewhodedicate theirlivestoprotectandhelpthem.Catsgaveme areasontobecomeaveterinarian,andajobfor therestofmylife. SheilahRobertson Tomyparentswhoalwaysbelievedineducation andsupportingmycareerchoice.ToPauloSteagall andPollyTaylorfortheirfriendship,unwavering patience,anddedicationtodetailduringthe writingandeditingprocess.Toallthecatsthat haveownedmeandallmyfelinepatients,thank youforeverythingyouhavetaughtme. PollyTaylor ThankstoLeslieHallandPeterLeeswhoeachin theirownwayencouragedmeinthepursuitofall thingsfeline–forcatsintheirownright,notas “littledogs.”Toallcats,wonderfulcreatures, especiallythosewhohaveownedmeoverthe years,andparticularlytoJasper,thecurrent incumbent,whotypedenthusiastically,if unhelpfully,somevariationsonthetextherein. AndmostofalltoPauloandSheilahformakingit allhappen,andtomyfamilyfortheirextreme patienceandwell-timedglassesofwine. Wewouldliketothankallcollaboratorsfor donatingtheirtimeandexpertiseforthisbook. vii Contents Foreword xvii Contributors xix 1 Handling,Restraint,andPreanestheticAssessment 1 GraemeDoodnaughtandPauloSteagall Introduction 1 HandlingandRestraint 2 Scruffing 2 TheFearfulCat 3 BloodSampling 5 DrugAdministration 6 IVCatheterization 6 IntubationandAirwayManagement 7 PreanestheticAssessment 10 RiskFactors,Morbidity,andMortality 12 FurtherReading 14 2 Anatomy,Physiology,andPharmacology 17 BradleySimonandPauloSteagall Introduction 17 CardiovascularSystem 17 Anatomy 17 CardiacElectricalConductivity 19 Physiology 21 Pharmacology 21 RespiratorySystem 22 Anatomy 22 Physiology 24 Pharmacology 25 NervousSystem 25 CentralNervousSystem(CNS)Anatomy 25 PeripheralNervousSystemAnatomy 26 ParasympatheticNervousSystem(PNS) 26 SympatheticNervousSystem(SNS) 27 viii Contents Physiology 27 Pharmacology 27 UrinarySystem 27 Anatomy 27 RenalBloodFlowandAutoregulation 28 Physiology 28 Pharmacology 29 HepaticSystem 30 AnatomyandPhysiology 30 HepaticMetabolismandPharmacologyofAnesthetics,Analgesics,and Sedatives 31 EndocrineSystem 31 GastrointestinalSystem 32 Anatomy 32 Physiology 32 Pharmacology 33 FurtherReading 33 3 SedationandPremedication 35 PauloSteagall Introduction 35 DrugsusedforSedationinCats 36 Acepromazine 36 ClinicalUse 38 Contraindications 38 Benzodiazepines 39 ClinicalUse 40 DiazepamversusMidazolam 40 Contraindications 40 Agonistsofα -AdrenergicReceptors 40 2 ClinicalUse 41 Contraindications 42 Anticholinergics 43 ClinicalUse 43 Contraindications 44 Opioids 44 KetamineandAlfaxalone 45 Trazodone 45 OtherDrugs 45 FurtherReading 46 4 InjectableAnestheticsandInductionofAnesthesia 49 PauloSteagall Introduction 49 GeneralConsiderationsforInductionofAnesthesia 50 DrugsusedforInductionofAnesthesia 51 Propofol 51 Contents ix CommercialPreparations 51 Pharmacology 52 ClinicalUse 52 Contraindications 53 Alfaxalone 54 CommercialPreparations 54 Pharmacology 54 ClinicalUse 54 Contraindications 55 DissociativeAnesthetics(KetamineandTiletamine) 55 CommercialPreparations 56 Pharmacology 56 ClinicalUse 57 Contraindications 57 Barbiturates 57 CommercialPreparations 58 Pharmacology 58 ClinicalUse 58 Contraindications 59 Etomidate 59 CommercialPreparation 59 Pharmacology 59 ClinicalUse 59 Contraindications 60 FentanylplusMidazolam 60 InductionwithVolatileAnesthetics 60 TotalIntravenousAnesthesia(TIVA) 61 InfusionDevices 62 Injectable-onlyProtocols 62 FurtherReading 64 5 LocalAnestheticsandLoco-regionalTechniques 67 FrancescoStaffieriandPauloSteagall Introduction 67 PhysicochemicalandPharmacodynamicPropertiesofLocalAnesthetics 68 AxonsandNerveFibers 69 Pharmacokinetics 70 FactorsInfluencingOnsetandDurationofAction 70 Metabolism 71 Adjuvants 71 LocalAnesthetics 71 Lidocaine 71 LidocainePatch 73 EutecticMixtureofLidocaineandPrilocaine 73 BupivacaineandLevobupivacaine 73 Ropivacaine 73 MixingLocalAnesthetics 74 x Contents AdverseEffects 74 Neurotoxicity 74 SystemicToxicity 75 TreatmentofSystemicToxicity 76 OtherComplications 76 TechniquesforNerveLocation 77 LocalAnestheticTechniques 78 Head 78 InfraorbitalNerveBlock 78 MentalNerveBlock 79 InferiorAlveolar(Mandibular)NerveBlock 79 MaxillaryNerveBlock 80 PeribulbarandRetrobulbarBlocks 80 ThoracicLimbs 80 BrachialPlexus(usingENS) 80 Metacarpal/Metatarsal“Ring”Block 82 PelvicLimbs 82 LumbosacralEpidural 82 SacrococcygealEpidural 82 SciaticandFemoralNerveBlock (usingtheENSTechnique) 83 OtherTechniques 84 IntratesticularBlock 84 IntraperitonealandIncisionalAnesthesia 84 Wound“Soaker”Catheters 84 FurtherReading 85 6 InhalationandBalancedAnesthesia 89 BrunoPypendop VolatileAnesthetics 89 Halothane 90 Isoflurane 90 Sevoflurane 91 Desflurane 91 BalancedAnestheticTechniques 92 Opioids 93 IntravenousAdministration 93 EpiduralAdministration 94 TransdermalAdministration 95 Ketamine 95 NitrousOxide 96 Lidocaine 97 Dexmedetomidine 98 Gabapentin 98 BalancedAnesthesiaSummary 99 BreathingSystems 99 FurtherReading 103
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