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Vol.IV,No.6 1995 Federal High Performance Computing 1995 Update - Introduction informationtechnology(IT)anditseconomic leadershipintheworld. Mostofthefederal Thisbulletinisintendedasanupdateto government'soverallcomputerR&Dfunding INPUTsreport,"FederalHighPerformance residesintheHPCCbudget. Computing1994-1999,"publishedin December1994. INPUTrecentlyattendedthe WhiletheHPCCprogramisnotspecifically 1995HighPerformanceComputing& mentionedintheContractwithAmerica,itis Communications(HPCC)Conference. The assumedthattheHPCCbudgetmaybe purposeoftheconferencewastoemphasize adjustedonanagency-by-agencybasisas communicationsamongmanufacturers,users, someunpopularapplicationsareterminated. academia,andgovernmentagencies. This Thereis generalagreementbetweenthe bulletinbrieflysummarizesHPCCprogram ClintonAdministrationandthenew accomplishmentsandissues,arecently congressionalleadershiptocontinuethe completedstudythatanswerscongressional program. Thereis,however,a concernsandrecommendations,andarecapof recommendationtostopgovernmentR&D theHighPerformanceModernizationProgram fundingofcomputermanufacturersfor attheDepartmentofDefense,oneofthemore hardwaredevelopment. Theywillcontinue activeagenciesintheHPCCProgram. Copies fundingindustry-universityteamsfor ofmaterialsreceivedattheconferenceare hardwarearchitectureresearchandsoftware, availableatINPUT'SlibraryinVienna, algorithmandapplicationdevelopment. Virginia. Highperformancecomputinghardware Summary technologycontinuestoadvanceonschedule towardaoneteraflopcapabilityby1998. TheHPCCProgramisgenerallywellthought Software,algorithmandapplication ofbythenewCongress,theClinton developmentcontinuetolag. Therecurrently Administration,academiaandbyindustry, maybemoretechnologicalcapabilitythanthe whobelievethatthelongterminvestmentin communityknowshowtouse. Massively ResearchandDevelopment(R&D)inhigh parallelprocessingcanmakesoftwareand performanceinformationtechnologyhaspaid applicationdevelopmentmoredifficult,but off,andhasbeencrucialtoUnitedStates willeventuallyallowforthedevelopmentof ©1995byINPUT.Reproductionprohibited. MMAF-B I morehighlydata-intensiveapplicationswith researchersarenowabletostudyphenomena muchgreatercomputationalcapability. The 1000timesmorecomplex." ManynewHPCC governmentisactivelyencouragingindustry applicationswillbediscussedinthesoon-to- anduniversityparticipationintheprogram. be-republisheddocument,"HPCC: Technology fortheNationalInformationInfrastructure," HPCCProgramAccomplishments availablefromtheHPCCNational CoordinatingOffice(NCO)at(301)402-4100. Someinterestingtechnologytrendsand programaccomplishmentswerepresentedat Issues theHPCCconference. Accordingtothe NationalResearchCounciloftheNational Therearenumerousconcernsinvolvedinany AcademyofSciences,theHPCCprogramhas: projectaslargeandcomplexastheHPCC program. Thesearewellrecognizedbythe • madeparallelcomputingwidelyaccepted HPCCNationalCoordinatingOffice(NCO) asapracticalroutetoachievinghigh andtheagenciesandarebeingaddressedin performancecomputing strategicplanningandimplementationplans. Manyoftheissueswillbehandledasaresult • demonstratedthefeasibilityofparallel oftherecommendationsforwardedbythe databases;initiateddeploymentofthese "EvolvingHPCCStudy,"conductedbythe databases NationalResearchCouncil'sComputerScience andTelecommunicationsBoard. • droveprogressonchallengessuchas cosmology,molecularbiology,chemistry Aprimaryconcern,ofcourse,isthestatusof andmaterialssciences theHPCCbudgetinCongress. R&Dbudgets • developednewcomputationalmeansin nfueteudret.obTeyppilcaalnlnye,ditmtaankyesyfeiavrestiontteontyheearsfor earthsciences,medicineandengineering R&Deffortstoemergeintothemarketplace. • dadIonentumdeborlannidsenvttgartnaoofcteektddeheegnpinegetuatwpbwoiwortirkntkehbtatwchokerbkyoentaeerssltyobfeds TtCdqueheoirvemcmepkHslaloPnyopifCsmetyCeshsnrtptieenretmootstghobrecefaaiccmnvooembnmypeeeeuemaatdrasepsdrrteofoiofnrikodtpntuaeeosbrcltwahertnyhipooorltnowohadgiluynckitin.nin • obragcaknbiozneedttoratnhseitpiroinvaotfetsheectIonrt,erannedt oicsrrideteiirtcahtleormsicshosnoitworniC,bouontrgirmnegesedstiirtenhcgattlsyaotnmoeRac&nrDuacgiaeacnltciyv'isty • createdMosaicBrowserfortheWorld societalproblem. Theprogramneedsmore WideWebwhichincreasesaccesstothe rapidsystemsdevelopment;thenext100days Internet. isnhotuhlednteelwlpwohliitcihcaHlPeCnvCiraognemnecnytaipnplCiocnagtiroensss AccordingtoDr.LarrySmarr,directorofthe willremainfundedandatwhatlevel. NationalScienceFoundation's(NSF)National C(eNnCtSeAr),fotrhSeruepehracvoempbueteinnhguAgpepliimcpartoivonesments TinhveesbtalmaennctesoifnpHrPivCaCtecvoenrtsiunsuepsubtloicbea inhighperformancecomputingoverthelast concern. Thegovernmentisincreasingefforts tenyears: speedhasincreasedover150fold, toworkcloselywithvendorsandacademiato manedmopraryalsliezleisshmahvaesiinnccrreeaasseeddoovveerr78000ffoolldd., eHnPcCouCrapgreogarddaimtinoeneadlspatretaimcispattoidoen.velTohpe "Consideringalgorithmimprovements, software,national(informationintensive)and 2 ©1995byINPUT.Reproductionprohibited. INPUTResearchBulletin grand(computationalintensive)challenge supportthenation'sInformation applicationsystemssoftwareandtheabilityto Infrastructure." Thisdocumentcanbe incorporatethirdpartycode. TheHPCC obtainedfromtheNationalAcademyPressby AdvisoryCommitteewillensurethat calling(800)624-6242orbyorderingitviathe coordinationeffortsaresteppedup. Internet: [email protected]. The reportitselfcanbeaccessedontheInternetas SomemembersoftheHPCCprogrambelieve follows: thatintheefforttoattainthegoalofone terafiopsupercomputingbytheyear1998, FTP.NAS.EDU somevendorswilldropoutoftherace. They GOPHER.NAS.EDU believethatthemarketwillbeunforgivingto HTTP://WWW.NAS.EDU vendorswhodonotunderstandtheconceptof "metacomputing,"thatis,thesystems CongresshasquestionedtheHPCCprogram's integrationofmultiplecomputerstodoa basicunderlyingrationales,includingthe singlefunctionforauser. balancebetweenvariouselementsofthe program,theeffectivenessofobtaininginput Itisdifficulttopredictthesuccessandsocietal fromtheindustryandusers,themanagement impactofmanyoftheapplicationsbeing andcoordinationoftheprogramacquisitions developedundertheHPCCumbrella. Wewill andotherfederalsupportofHPCC,andthe seeincreasedemphasisonquicklybringingup likelihoodofachievingsuccessintheprogram. newapplicationsthatareacceptableto Congress,andontheeducationofnewpeople, StudyResults policymakers,organizationsandnewusers. Thestudyfoundthatmostofthefundingfor Theextremelyrapidacceptanceandgrowthof computingresearchisfoundundertheHPCC theInternet hascausedsomeparticipantsto programandthatanychallengetoorquestion predictthe"meltdown"ofthenetworkbefore ofcontinuedfundingwouldbeacatastrophic theyear2000-adifficultpredictionatthis losstoU.S.informationtechnological timebecauseofactivitiesunderwayto leadership. Thestudyalsostatesthat privatizethenetwork. SuccessofInternetand governmentfundingshouldbeusedon theWorldWideWebdependsonthespeedof technologicaldevelopmentthatpushesthe users'computers,thespeedandcapacityof limitsofhighperformancecomputing. servers,andonthebandwidthsprovidedby Projectsshouldbechosenonlyiftheyaddress thetelecommunicationscompanies. World agencymissionaccomplishmentand/or WideWebserversareneededtolinkallHPCC societalproblems. paadrdtriecsispeadtiinngtshiteesN.atSieocnuarlitIynfisorbmeaitnigon Specifically,thestudyfoundthattheHPCC Infrastructure(Nil)SecurityPlan. programgoalsanddirectionhaveproved highlyproductiveandshouldnotbestopped. HPCC: StatusofaMajorInitiative HPCChasadvancedU.S.information technologyleadership,whichhasbecome AnAprd, 1995studybytheComputer criticaltotheU.S.economy. Thebalanceof SciencesandTelecommunicationsBoard, effortsbetweentheprivateandpublicsectoris NationalResearchCouncilattheNational appropriate,butgovernmentfundedresearch AcademyofSciences,addressescongressional incomputerhardwareshouldbedoneby queriesonthestatusoftheHPCCprogram. universities. Hardwarearchitecture,software Resultsofthestudyarepublishedina andalgorithmresearchcanbesharedamong documententitled,"EvolvingtheHPCC1to 3 ©1995byINPUT.Reproductionprohibited. INPUTResearchBulletin teamsofprivateindustry,academiaand Finally,theboardrecommendsthatcomputer government. purchasesbebasedonlyoneachagency's missionneedsandthattheacquisition StudyRecommendations decisionsbemadeatthelowestpracticallevel. TheboardhasrecommendedtoCongressto HPCCStrategicPlanandFunding continuesupportofresearchanddevelopment ininformationtechnologyandtheHPCC AccordingtoJohnToole,directoroftheHPCC program,especiallymaintainingtheemphasis NationalCoordinationOffice,thevisionofthe ontheNationalInformationInfrastructure ClintonAdministrationisforthe"acceleration (Nil). Itrecommendedcontinuingastrong oftheevolutionofexistingtechnologyand experimentalresearchprogramonsoftware innovationthatwillenableuniversal, andalgorithmdevelopmentforparallel accessible,affordableapplicationof computingmachines,buttostopfunding informationtechnologytoensureAmerica's commercialresearchbycomputervendorson economicandnationalsecurityinthe21st hardware. Theboardsupportsindustry- Century." TheCommitteeonInformationand universitycollaborationsincomputer Communication(CIC)underthepresident's architectureandapplicationsoftware NationalScienceandTechnologyCouncil research. Theteraflopcomputershouldbe (NSTC)hascompletedadraftstrategicplan treatedasaresearchdirection,andthe whichhasasprimaryfocusareas: global- governmentshouldincreasetheHPCCfocus scaleinformationinfrastructuretechnologies, oncommunicationandnetworkresearch. The highperformance/scalablesystems,high programshoulddeveloparesearchprogramto confidencesystems,virtualenvironments, buildverylarge,reliable,highperformance, usercenteredinterfacesandtools,human distributedinformationsystems,andensure resourcesandeducation. thatHPCCfocusesonNationalChallenge applicationsthatcontributetothe Thisstrategicplanandthenewlyrepublished dCheavlelleonpgmeenatppolficNaltIiotneschsnhooluolgidesb.efGurnadneddwhen "InHfPoCrCm:atiToenchInnoflraosgtyrufcotrutrhee"Ndaotciuomneanltcanbe theycontributetothedevelopmentofnew obtainedattheNCObycalling(301)402- HPCChardwareorsoftware. 4100. Theboardalsorecommendedcontinued HPCCBudget bcfeuuntntdeaircnscgebsfysortatophpmelaiNtcauStrFiionnsguspaceirrecnchtioitmseptcsuttuserherosucleadnttbteehres, HagPeCncCyb-ubyd-gaegtenccutysbacsains,bedeepxepnedcitnegdoonncaenrtain graduallywithdrawnfromfunding. NapupmliecraotiuosnsH'PpoCpCulaaprpiltiycaitniCoonnsgarreessw.ell Thestudyrecommendstheappointmentofa thoughtof,suchasweatherandclimate congressionallymandatedadvisorycommittee predictions,design,manufacturing, consistingofindustry/academia/government visualizationandmedicalresearch. personnel,andthattheHPCCNational DepartmentofDefenseapplications,discussed CoordinatingOfficebestrengthenedbyafull- below,remainahighfundingpriority. timedirector. Thesestepshavebeguntobe implementedwiththeappointmentofJohn Toole(formerlyofAJiPA)tobethenew,full- timedirectoroftheNCO. 4 ©1995byINPUT.Reproductionprohibited. Exhibitl Highperformancesoftwaretoolsand HPCCBudget pbarsoigcrtaemcmhinonlgogayreinweDaokDainsdgoiomdm,abtuutrem.orTehe Agency FY(1$9M9i6llRioenqsu)est wacotrivkitiisesn.eeTdheedeixnidsetsiinggns,ytsetsetmasnmdeeevtal2u2at%ioofn DoDuserrequirementsforapproximately ARPA 363 3,000usersacross50laboratories. NSF 314 DOE 114 DoDplanstospend$60millionfordistributed NASA 131 centersin1995-1996. Thisinvolveshighly classifiedreal-timeandnearreal-time NIH 78 applications,includingdistributeddata NSA 40 storageandvisualizationtechnologies. NIST 34 NOAA 16 TheDoDModernizationProgramincludestwo EPA 12 majoracquisitions:theMajorSharedResource VEAD 2147 uCEennngdtieenrrewsear(yiMnaSgnRNdCe)tthwpeorDroekcfue(rnDesRmeeEnNRte)siedsracarufcrthrRe&nFtPlywill Source:HPCCNCO bereleasedshortly. DRNwillbuildupthe networkfrom50labsandagenciescurrently DoDHighPerformanceComputing morethan150locationsinahighperformance Modernization Plan(HPCMP) environment. ThefundingisamixofR&D andprocurementdollars: TheDepartment,ofDefenseisactively proceedingonitsmodernizationplanacross Exhibit2 tahgeenmciileist,arCyondgerpeasrstmaenndtst.heLGabAoOratsourpipeosr,tthe R&DProcurementExpenditures program. Theacquisitionsareproceedingon Year Funding($Millions) schedule. 1995 154 TheDoDisbasingallprocurementsonagency 1996 198 motfihesvseoirtoyhnecrnoemHepdPlsCe.xCTaahpgpeelnidcceaipteaisorndtsum,eesntutocdhitisfafsweirssdiegfnrraoalmnge 11999978 223024 andimageprocessing,computationalfluid 1999 309 dynamics,forcesmodeling/simulationonC4I, 2000 322 environmentalqualitymodelingand 2001 335 simulation,computationalelectronicsand Source:DoDHPCCModernizationProgram nanoelectronics. Thedepartmentisalso buildingacommonlibraryofscalable applicationsoftware. PorrTohCighsrraiRmse.tsoepIafhreycrohuFBohurlaelvseettiqantueiIssNtiiPsoUsnuTse.dor1a9sc2op1marmGtaelnolftosIwNsoPnRUoTtah'idSs,bFSueuldileterteian2l,5I0p,nlfeVoairsemenantcaai,lolnVyTAoeuc2rh2l1no8oc2la.logITyeNlMP.aUr(T7k0eo3tr)gA8an4na7il-zy6as8ti7i0so.n ©1995byINPUT.Reproductionprohibited.