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FEDERAL CIVILIAN WORKLOAD STATISTICS BIENNIAL REPORT OF EEMPLOYMENT BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2000 UNITED STATES OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT Kav Coles James, Director June 2003 SHRP-WIPG-68-25 Federal Civilian Workforce Statistics Biennial Report of Employment by Geographic Area As of December 31, 2000 UNITED STATES OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT? WASHINGTON, DC 20415-0001 OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR A MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR I am pleased to present the Office of Personnel Management's report on Federa! i vilian Workforce Statistics, Biennial Report of Employment by Geographic Area as of December 31, 2000. This biennial publication is the only official source of detailed geographic data/information on our Federal civilian workforce. To enhance the usefulness of the workforce data, we have analyzed the data and presented it in a variety of statistical graphs and tables that we hope are the most useful and meaningful to you. These statistics provide a biennial geographic overview of the Federal Government’s talented workforce and reflects a refocused mission as Departments and Agencies respond to President George W. Bush’s mandate for a Government that is citizen-centered, results- oriented and market-based. To provide widespread and easy access to this very important information, this report is also available on our web site at http://www.opm.gov/feddata/geograph/geograph.htm. If you would like additional information on our civilian workforce, or if you have suggestions for our staff, please call 202-606-1789 or email [email protected]. ™ Kay Cole Director CON 131-644 Cama -- -_ FOREWORD This report is the twenty-fifth in a series (biennial since 1980) published by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM). It presents civilian employment of the Federal Government by State, county, metropolitan statistical area, U.S. territory, and foreign country. For the States, counties, and metropolitan statistical areas, employment figures are shown by major pay systems and by selected Federal agencies. For U.S. territories and foreign countries, employment figures depict U.S. citizen and non-citizen status by selected agency. Sources, coverage, definitions of terms, and highlights of the geographic survey are presented in the narrative. This publication is now available to the public in electronic format. You may obtain copies of this publication via OPM’s World Wide Web Site at: http://www.opm.gov/feddata/ The electronic version of this publication is published in Adobe Acrobat’s Portable Document Format (pdf). The electronic version requires the Acrobat Reader for viewing and printing. You may obtain copies of the Acrobat Reader from Adobe Systems Incorporated World Wide Web Site at: http://www.adobe.com/proindex/acrobat/readstep.htm Acrobat uses hypertext and electronic bookmarks to help the reader navigate through the document. You are welcome to copy or print the statistical tables and charts for use in your own reports and presentations, and may make copies of this publication for distribution purposes. Paper and microfiche copies of the 1980 through 1998 publications are available from the National Technical Information Service. Their World Wide Web Site is http://www.ntis.gov, their telephone is 703-487-4650, and their address is 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. Federal agencies may buy copies by riding the Office of Personnel Management's (OPM) printing requisition. Information on OPM’s publications is contained in OPM’s RIDER INFO which can be obtained by calling 202-606-1844 or -2462. More detailed tabulations from this survey, including data at the city level and data on work schedule by geographic area and agency, and data from previous surveys are available by calling 202-606-1817. Additional information may be obtained by calling 202-606-1817, by e-mail! at [email protected], by fax at 202-606-1719, or by written request addressed to the U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Theodore Roosevelt Building, Room 7439 (MW), 1900 E Street, NW., Washington, DC 20415-6000. Note to Readers: This survey and publication are a biennial series. Therefore, the next publication, with data as of December 31, 2002, will be published late in 2003. 7] TABLE OF CONTENTS Page +c chkbe ehh deh ebb bees 0oebe eee ee ebke eds 000 0005000000600bdeRdee e 2 Table of Federal Civilian Employment Ranked by State with Trend Changes ...........-..-....... 3 Trend Table of Federal Civilian Employment by State and Other Areas, RSG Sea e hi ES ea ee ee eae ee 4 Table of Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas With 25,000 or More Federal Civilian Employees, i seeee ede ees ee ee be es ‘ehebssbnsdeeeki-nai 7 Table of Federal Civilian Employment by Major Geographic Area, State, ee st. tke kee eesti eee he hobs 665d 6:05:60 0550006606060 0ea SO RK KS 9 Table of Federal Civilian Employment by State and Work Schedule .....2. .ee-e .eee. eee- e es 1] Table of Peak Seasonal Federal Civilian Workforce ETT TET CL eT ETE E TET ETT ETT TT LTTE Teer Tee 13 Table | by Agency, All Areas and United States, and Pay System .... .2-6 .6 e.ee. .ee e ee 15 Table 2 by Metropolitan Statistical Area and Pay System ...........0..22.02.2 .ce .ee. ee.ee , 19 Bot TTT TT TTT TTT TTT e TE TTT TPTrrTrerrerrerrTe 25 Table 4 by Metropolitan Statistical Area and Selected Agency ......- 2... 6 cece eee eee eens 26 Table 5 by State, County, and Selected Agency ......... 6.00000 c cece ee eee eeeecceeeeeees 40 Table 6 by Foreign Country, Selected Agency, and U.S. Citizenship .................0..000055. 162 Table 7 by U.S. Territory, Selected Agency, and U.S. Citizenship ....... 2... ....0.0..000200026. 170 Appendix I - Population Coverage, Survey Changes, and Definitions ..... ~~... 6.6. e cece ee eens 172 Appendix II - Data Sources, Survey Methodology, and Error Analysis ....2.... ......0.0.0.0005 5. 176 SURVEY HIGHLIGHTS Population Coverage States Data on active Federal civilian employment Federal civilian employment varied by State from as of December 31, 2000, cover all Federal 247,839 in California to 5,367 in Delaware. departments and agencies except for the Central Seven States had more than 100,000 Federal Intelligence Agency, National Secunty Agency, civilian workers: California 247,839; Texas Defense Intelligence Agency, National Imagery 162,399; Virginia 144,632; New York 133,741; and Mapping Agency, Army / Air Force Exchange Maryland 130,147; Florida 113,267; and Service, Consolidated Metropolitan Technica! Pennsylvania 106,741. There were also 180,969 Personnel Center, Defense Career Managernent Federal civilian employces working in the and Support Agency, Public Health Service's Nation's capital city of Washington in the District Commissioned Corps, and seasonal employees of Columbia. The table on the next page shows other than Department of Defense's Education employment by State in descending order. State Activity. This survey includes the U.S. Postal distributions are shown on Table 3 by pay system Service. Special treatment is made for seasonal category and on Table 5 by county (or employees. independent city) and selected agency. Major Geographic Areas Short-Term State Trends Federal civilian employment totaled 2,765,892 in Since December 1998, the District of Columbia the geographic survey as of December 31, 2000. and 40 States had net decreases in Federal civilian Federal civilian employment worldwide declined employment. Most of the losses occurred in the by 3.4 percent (-96,755) since our previous survey three largest agencies: Department of Defense as of December 31, 1998. (DOD), U.S. Postal Service (USPS), and Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). California Most Federal civilian employees worked in the lost 17,633 Federal civilian workers (-6.6 United States (2,674,437 or 96.7 percent) while percent), primanly in DOD -10,723; USPS -4,125; some worked in the U.S. territories (17,991 or 0.6 and VA -1,917. Texas lost 12,162 workers (-7.0 percent) and in foreign countries (73,464 or 2.7 percent) due to DOD -7,583; USPS -3,461; and percent). There were 334,821 employees (12.1 VA -757. Pennsylvania lost 5,939 overall (-5.3 percent) working in the V’ashington, District of percent) due to USPS -3,161; DOD -2,410; and Colurnbia-Maryland-Virginiia-West Virginia VA -814. New York lost 5,684 altogether (-4.1 Metropolitan Statistical Area and 2,339,616 (84.6 percent) due to USPS -3,139; VA -1,154; and percent) located in the United States outside the DOD -797. Nation's capital area. Most Federal employees (87.3 percent) located in the United States and Another ten States dropped more than 2,000 Puerto Rico worked in metropolitan areas. employees each: Illinois (-4,439), Alabama Changes since the 1998 survey are discussed in (-3,527), Colorado (-2,806), Massachusetts the following sections. (-2,565), Ohio (-2,532), Florida (-2,338), Missouri (-2,291), New Jersey (-2,247), Connecticut (-2,047), and Tennessee (-2,009). Five additional States dropped more than 1,000 employees each: Virginia (-1,919), Louisiana (-1,673), lowa (-1,445), Michigan (-1 ,443), and Indiana (-1,215) Connecticut had the largest net percentage loss of -8.9 percent, mostly in the U.S. Postal Service. California 247,839 265,472 6.6 -16.9 Distnct of Columbia 180,969 181,077 229,535 0.1 -212 Texas 162,399 174,561 149.215 -7.0 8.8 Virginia 144,632 146,551 144,586 -13 0.0 New York 133,741 139,425 156,276 4.1 -14.4 Maryland 130,147 130,889 133,514 0.6 -2.5 Flonda 113,267 115,605 82,656 -2.0 37.0 Pennsylvania 106,741 112,680 128,384 -53 -16.9 Illinois 93,902 98,341 102,169 45 -8.1 Georgia 88,982 87,752 76,968 1.4 15.6 Ohio 83,970 86,502 88,395 -2.9 -5.0 New Jersey 62,272 64,519 69,699 -3.5 -10.7 Washington 62,004 62,892 62,961 -14 -1.5 Michi 57,611 59,054 54,065 -24 6.6 North Carolina 56,558 56,758 41,925 04 349 Missouri 54,546 56,837 66,065 40 -174 Massachusetts 52,987 55,552 57,016 46 -7.1 Colorado 50,924 53,730 50,344 -5.2 1.2 Tennessee 50 393 52,402 71,563 -3.8 -29.6 Alabama 48,409 51,936 61,299 -6.8 -210 Anzona 43,479 43,229 36,148 0.6 203 Oklahoma 43,369 42,529 45,703 2.0 -5.1 Indiana 37,104 38,319 41,695 -3.2 -11.0 Minnesota 34,090 34,806 30,335 -2.1 12.4 Louisiana 33,132 34,805 33,341 48 06 Kentucky 30.260 31,090 34,517 -2.7 -123 Wisconsin 29,752 30,557 27,219 -2.6 93 Utah 29,605 28,028 34,828 56 -15.0 Oregon 28,556 29,541 28,791 -3.3 08 South Carolina 26,227 27,052 31,561 -3.0 -169 New Mexico 25,357 25,895 27,622 -2.1 82 Kansas 25,223 25,479 22,751 -10 10.9 Mississipp! 24,047 24,652 28,206 -2.5 -14.7 Hawaii 23,251 23,784 24,834 -2.2 64 Connecticut 20,939 22,986 20,051 8&9 44 Arkansas 20,107 20,579 19,770 2.3 1.7 lowa 18,476 19,921 18,936 -73 24 West Virginia 18,409 18,299 15,863 0.6 16.0 Nebraska 15,145 15,487 15,359 -2.2 -14 Alaska 13,997 14.354 15,497 -2.5 97 Maine 13,399 13,369 17,422 0.2 23.1 Nevada 13,383 12,909 9,519 3.7 406 Montana 11,165 11,296 12,816 -1.2 -129 Idaho 10,741 10,730 11,239 0.1 44 Rhode Island 10,504 11,178 9,073 60 158 South Dakota 9,542 9,593 10,176 05 42 New Hampshire 7,800 8,326 6,635 63 176 North Dakota 7,772 7,664 8,717 14 -108 Wyoming 6,078 6,190 6,805 -18 -10.7 Vermont 5,779 5,757 4,384 0.4 318 Delaware 5,367 5,481 4,786 2.1 12.1 Unspecified State 50,089 51,127 13,309 -2.0 276.4 USA Total* 2 474,437 2,757,547 2,792,733 -3.0 42 * Excludes employees in Central Intelligence Agency, National Security Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency, National Imagery and Mapping Agency (1996 on), Army/Air Force Exchange ice (1992 on), Defense Consolidated Metropolitan Technical Personnel Center (1996 on), and Commissioned Corps. ** Excludes seasonal employment other than Defense Department's Education Activity. *** Mostly Judicial Branch (60%) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (39%). FEDERAL CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT BY STATE AND OTHER AREAS, 1978 TO 2000 Total Employment State (or other area) 1978 1980 1982** 1984** 1986** 1988** Alabama 59.857 61,299 59.915 59.77] 59.445 58,443 Alaska 15,339 15,497 13,780 13,882 14,292 14,549 Anzona 34,473 36,148 33,783 34,565 36,132 38,45] Arkansas 18,408 19,770 17,940 18,260 18,741 19.432 Cahfornia 290,052 298,190 300,785 307,257 314,020 324,702 Colorado 47,932 50,344 49.328 50,511 51,948 52,980 Connecticut 21,035 20,051 20,573 21,323 23,078 24,242 Delaware 4,990 4.786 4,954 4.997 §.323 5,369 Distnct of Columbia 227,103 229,535 212,895 215,926 206,056 210,494 Flonda 79.264 82.656 84,783 90,972 101,071 109,157 Georgia 75,941 76,968 76,928 80,210 85,848 88.219 Hawan 25,005 24,834 26,922 26,768 26,577 26.973 Idaho 10,517 11,239 9.993 9 800 9 684 9 880 Ilhinois 101,687 102,169 100,192 101,407 103,787 106,976 Indiana 40,165 41,695 39,316 39.226 41,109 41,639 lowa 19,050 18,936 18,212 18,240 18,248 18,515 Kansas 22,576 22,75] 22,383 23,398 24,255 24,826 Kentucky 34,264 34,517 35,535 35,128 32,826 35,423 Louisiana 31,384 33,34] 31,906 32,062 33,116 33,915 Maine 17,334 17,422 17,966 17,365 16,834 17,659 Maryland 130,370 133,514 129,107 128,753 129,177 132,277 Massachusetts 57,760 57,016 55,406 56,341 58,872 62,175 Michigan 53,350 54,065 53.709 54,392 56,843 57,761 Minnesota 29,417 30,335 28,671 29,478 30,725 32,323 Mississippi 26,794 28,206 23,760 24,244 24,345 24,022 Missouri 65.048 66,065 65,516 66,44] 66,860 66,553 Montana 12.366 12.816 11,762 11,289 10,978 11,370 Nebraska 15,423 15,359 14,937 14,99] 15,445 15,688 Nevada 9.218 9519 9.149 9.312 9 646 10,338 New Hampshire 6,580 6.635 6.620 6.707 7,328 8.028 New Jersey 68,650 69.699 71,666 71,985 4,096 76,975 New Mexico 26,451 27,622 25,371 25,169 25,584 26,685 New York 166,194 156,276 153,616 153,806 156,437 158,969 North Carolina 41,840 41,925 42.82) 43,337 45,179 46,353 North Dakota 8,316 8.717 7,781 7,513 7711 8,059 Ohio 89.444 88,395 86,836 88,222 89.956 92.993 Oklahoma 46,834 45,703 46,495 46,326 48 446 47,395 Oregon 26,797 28,791 26,992 27,433 27,296 28,922 Pennsylvania 128,018 128,384 129,065 126,720 131,413 135,591 Rhode Island 9,390 9.073 9,025 9,201 10,066 10,511 South Carolina 31,358 31,561 32,519 32,696 32,354 33,066 South Dakota 9,865 10,176 9.581 9.132 9.098 9.205 Tennessee 68,043 71,563 $8,221 57,089 57,950 56,773 Texas 148,022 149.215 155,680 163,109 172,490 175,607 Utah 34,565 34,828 35,443 35,717 35,867 36,965 Vermont 4,424 4,384 4,396 4.474 4,705 5,087 Virgimia 144,075 144,586 1$2,737 155,038 155,760 159,554 Washington 58,882 62,961 62,666 64,088 63,352 64,979 West Virgina 15,723 15,863 14,955 14,713 14,971 15,521 Wisconsin 26,206 27,219 25,883 25,731 27,072 27,808 W yoming 6,398 6,805 6,550 6,470 6,301 6 464 Unspecified State 11,327 13,309 14.246 35.292 *** 32,977 35.222 ee Total United States 2,753,524 2,792,733 2,749,271 2,806,277 2,861,690 2,941,083 US. Terntones 34,908 14,218 15,770 16,412 17,420 18,290 Foreign Countnes 94 44% 110,295 115,272 127,453 129.284 130,308 GRAND TOTAL* 2,882,880 2.917.246 2,880,313 2,950,142 3,008,394 3,089,681 * Excludes employees in Central Intelligence Agency, Nationa! Secunty Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency, Central Imagery Agency (1994 only), National Imagery and Mapping Agency (1996 on), Army/Air Force Exchange Service (1992 on), Defense Consolidated Metropolitan Technica! Personnel Center (1996 on), and Commissioned Corps FEDERAL CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT BY STATE AND OTHER AREAS, 1978 TO 2000 Total Employment State 1990** 1992** 1°94** 1996** |99R** 2000** (or other area) 56,622 58,055 54,920 51,929 51,936 48,409 Alabama 14,537 15,897 15,036 14,438 14,354 13,997 Alaska 38,985 40,437 40,384 40,233 43,229 43,479 Anzona 19.218 20,723 20,160 19.906 20,579 20,107 Arkansas 314,590 312,207 294,507 269,470 265,472 247,839 Califorma 53,469 57,029 56.811 $1,723 53,730 50,924 Colorado 23,615 24,498 24,510 22,272 22,986 20,939 Connecticut 5,300 5.476 5.760 5,455 5,481 5.367 Delaware 212,031 222,755 204,267 185,447 181,077 180,969 Distnct of Columbia 111,851 114.218 114,040 111,740 115,605 113,267 Flonda 88,366 93,480 91,808 87,463 87,752 88,982 Georgia 25,414 25,287 24,581 24,116 23,784 23,251 Hawan 10,057 11,293 11,040 10,903 10,730 0,741 Idaho 103,999 106,163 105,850 97,15] 98,34] 93,902 Iianons 41,377 42 878 41,728 39.579 38,319 37,104 Indiana 17,973 19.801 20,945 19,792 19.921 18,476 lowa 24,719 26,381 26,467 25,445 25,479 25,223 Kansas 35.454 38,022 36,102 33,960 31,090 30,260 Kentucky 33,92] 35,051 34,802 33,992 34,805 33,132 Loursiana 16,823 16,234 13,616 12,946 13,369 13,399 Maine 133,187 135,717 132,526 12£,624 130,889 130,147 Maryland 60,319 62,291 59 588 54,180 $5,552 52,987 Massachusetts 56,172 58.536 60,364 55,470 59.054 $7,611 Michigan 32.014 33,790 34,289 33,481 34.806 34,090 Minnesota 24,354 25,871 25,095 24,34) 24,652 24,047 Mississippi 65,54] 65,989 64,396 57.706 56,837 $4,546 Missoun 11,364 12,392 12.704 11,226 11,296 11,165 Montana 15,298 16,120 16,023 15,276 1§,487 15,145 Nebraska 10,547 11,581 12,338 11,956 12.909 13,383 Nevada 8.054 8.358 8.665 8.210 8. 326 7.200 New Hampshire 75,142 73,738 72,215 67,599 64,519 62,272 New Jersey 26.242 27,700 27,204 26,102 25,895 25,357 New Mexico 152,169 149,200 145,216 138,897 139,425 133,741 New York 46,463 50,798 54,206 54,998 56,758 56,558 North Carolina 7.815 8.313 8,033 7,632 7,664 7,772 North Dakota 90 861 93,538 92.286 85,749 86,502 83.970 Ohio 45,298 45,667 42,120 42,383 42,529 43,369 Oklahoma 29,202 30,920 29,999 28,166 29,541 28,556 Oregon 129,405 132,307 126,723 112,235 112,680 106,741 Pennsylvama 10,147 10,262 10,884 10,85! 11,178 10,504 Rhode Island 32,208 32,775 30416 26,499 27,052 26,227 South Carolina 9.2% 10,102 10,064 9,635 9.593 9 542 South Dakota 56,416 53,872 52,807 51,504 §2,402 50,393 Tennessee 176,680 178,973 175,538 171,697 174,561 162,399 Texas 36,001 35,442 31,177 28,540 28,028 29,605 Utah 5.072 5.708 5.706 5,610 §.757 $.779 Vermont 161,049 167,735 160,360 150,569 146,551 144,632 Virginia 65,033 68,592 66,300 61,525 62,892 62,004 Washington 15.377 17,391 17,696 17,693 18,299 18,409 West Virgima 27,425 29.934 3.215 28,834 30,557 29,752 Wisconsin 6,188 6,582 6.720 6,123 6,190 6,078 Wyoming 37,756 41,601 43,702 *** 47,139 ** 51,127 ** SO,UB9 *** Unspecified State 2,906,416 2,987,680 2,902,909 2,735,410 2,787,547 2,674,437 Total United States 17,974 18,979 19,187 19,589 20,833 17,991 U.S. Terntones 125.936 100,109 RR733 87,94) 84.267 73,464 Foreign Countnes 3,050,326 3,106,768 3,010,829 2,842,940 2,862,647 2,765,892 GRAND TOTAL* ** Excludes seasonal employment other than Defense Department's Education Activity *** Mostly Judicial Branch (60%) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (39%) Only ten States gained employees. Utah gained only 12.7 percent (333,928) of the Federal the most employees (+1,577) and had the largest workers. net percentage gain (+5.6 percent) due to the Air Force (+2,042). The Washington, DC-MD-VA-WYV MSA had the most Federal civil servants (334,821) because Long-Term State Trends most of the large agencies have their headquarters there. The next four largest concentrations of The twenty-year long-term trend from 1980 to Federal civilian employment were in: New York, 2000 showed sizeabie changes among the States; NY with 67,223; Chicago, IL with 65,019; Los nationwide, net Federal civilian employment has Angeles-Long Beach, CA with 54,467; and dropped (down 118,296 or -4.2 percent). Philadelphia, PA-NJ with 53,336 workers. There Nineteen States gained and 31 lost Federal civilian were 20 other large MSAs with 20,010 to 44,695 employment during the last 20 years. The Federal civilian employees. The Arecibo, Puerto following ten States showed changes of at least Rico MSA had the lowest Federal population with 10,000 Federal civil servants each: Flonda just 146. MSA distributions are shown on Table 2 +30,611; North Carolina +14,633; Texas +13,184; by pay system category and on Table 4 by major Georgia +12,014; Missouri -11,519, Alabama agency. -12,890; Tennessee -21,170; Pennsylvania -21,643; New York -22,535; and California Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas -50,351. The District of Columbia lost 48,566 (CMSAs) have populations of more than one -inployees (-21.2 percent). million and meet other criteria specified by the Office of Management and Budget's Office of Nine States showed a 15 percentage or more Information and Regulatory Affairs; 76 of the MSAs make up the 19 CMSAs. The largest increase as follows: Nevada +41 percent, Florida +37 percent, North Carolina +35 percent, CMSAs were the Washington-Baltimore, DC- Vermont +32 percent, Anzona +20 percent, New MD-VA-WV CMSA with 379,305 Federal Hampshire +18 percent, and Georgia, Rhode civilian employees; the New York-Northern New Island, and West Virginia +16 percent each. Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA CMSA with 152,889; and the Los Angeles-R:verside-Orange Declines greater than 15 percent took place in County, CA CMSA with 91,692. the District of Columbia and the following seven States: Tennessee -30 percent, Maine -23 percent, Since December 1998, Federal civilian Alabama -21 percent, District of Columbia -21 employment in the United States (excluding percent, and California, Missouri, Pennsylvania, unspecified State) and Puerto Rico decreased in and South Carolina -17 percent each. The trend Metropolitan Statistical Areas by 3.4 percent table on pages 4-5 presents Federal civilian (-81,629) and also declined in small towns and employment by State from 1978 to 2000. rural areas by 0.6 percent (-2,039). The table on the next page shows the 13 CMSAs and 7 MSAs with more than 25,000 Federai civilian employees Metropolitan Areas in December 1998 or 2000. Only two metropolitan areas added workers during 1999 and Each of the 337 Metropolitan Statistical Areas 2000. Oklahoma City, OK MSA gained 1,562 (MSAs) in the United States and Puerto Rico had (+6.3 percent) due to a significant increase in Air Federal civilian employees in December 2000. Force by 1,797. Atlanta, GA MSA increased by Most Federal civilian employees located in the 1,122 (+2.6 percent) due to increases by U.S. United States (excluding the 50,089 employees Postal Service (up 858) and the Departinent of with unspecified State) and Puerto Rico worked in Health and Human Services (up 824). metropolitan areas (87.3 percent or 2,305,134). Small towns and rural areas outside MSAs had