Federal Archeology Report: September 1991

32 Pages·1991·2.4 MB·English

by  National Park Service

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ederal Archeology Report,
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ARCHEOLOGY
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Report
Volume 4, No. 3 September 1991 ISSN 1057-1582
National Park Service U.S. Department of Agriculture
Archeological Assistance Division Forest Service
Broadening the Links Passport in Time
ByFrancisP. McManamon ByJillA. OsbornandGordonPeters
Archeological preservation through better public under- "A world class educational experience..." "A refreshing
standing of archeological interpretation and thefragility of alternativetoamerelyproletarianexistence...""Avacation
archeological resources will be enhanced greatly when with purpose...." These are some of the ways volunteers
more people are exposed to legitimate archeological in- describedtheirexperiencewith PassportInTimelastyear.
vestigations. Archeologists are beginning to open their Forest archeologistGordon PetersoftheSuperiorNation-
investigationsto the public, through community presenta- al Forestin MinnesotaorganizedthefirstPassportInTime
tions, site visits, and popular articles, but more can be project in 1988 to see if it would work. Three years later
done.Oneareawithgood promiseliesintheimprovement "Passport,"or"PIT"has become a national ForestService
oftieswiththetravelandtourismindustry. Publicparticipa- (FS) programwithprojectsineighto—utofnineFSregions-
tionactivitiesrangepotentiallyfromvisitstositeswithgood Alaska is planning to join in soon on 27 forests in 19
quality interpretation, to visits to excavations in progress, states.
to opportunities to participate in excavations. One of the
prerequisitesforthese activitiestooccur isthe increase in PassportInTime,simplydefined, ishands-onenvironmen-
communication betweenthe archeological profession and tal education. It is a program through which the general
the tourism industry to provide for a broader, more direct public can volunteer in all facets of heritage resource
and accurate exchange of information. management: inventory, evaluation, and enhancement.
Projectsincludenotjustarcheologicalexcavations,though
Archeological sites, particularly those with spectacular these are the most popular, but historic building
ruinsormonumentalart, havedrawntouristsforcenturies, reconstruction, survey, development of interpretive ex-
as they drew explorers and adventurers in even earlier hibits and displays, mapping sites, and cataloging historic
times. In somecasesthe intensefocusoftouristson such photographs.
well-known sites has destroyed or increased the rate of
destruction of important components of the sites (Stirling Thenationalforestsprovidetheprojects,theliving accom-
1990) or, at least, the ambiance once enjoyed by visitors modations,andtheprofessionalstosupervisetheprojects.
to these sites (Fagan 1990). However, commercial tours The public finds out about projects through a newsletter
ofarcheologicalsitescontinuetofocusonwell-known,and published twice ayearand distributed bythe PIT Clearin-
increasingly well-worn, sites. Yet there are many other ghouse, CEHP Incorporated, a Washington, DC, based
opportunitiesfortouringarcheologicalsitesand/orexcava- group working on conservation and environmental and
(Continueonpage4)
(Continueonpage2)
*|3I U.S. Department of the Interior • National Park Service • Cultural Resources
Departmental Consulting Archeologist • Archeological Assistance
Page2 September1991
Federal Archeology Report
Broadening the Links There are three categories of information that could be of
(Continuedfrompug*1) use to tourism professionals. These include information
about: (1) established sites and museums available for
visits; (2) excavations underway and available for visits;
tions. This article presents some sources of information and (3) opportunities to participate in excavations and
aboutsuch opportunities. laboratorywork.
Opportunitiesand Pitfalls Visiting Archeology
In 1984 Lester Borley, Director of the National Trust for Organization of an itinerary that includes visits to
Scotland, noted in an address to the First World Con- archeological museumsorsites requires locating and con-
ference on Cultural Parks that a tension exists between tactingorganizationswithexistingdisplaysand interpretive
tourism and cultural heritage. Borley characterized this programs. Thebestnationalguidetothis information isthe
tension as "creative" and tourism as presenting both a book,America'sAncient Treasures, by Franklin and Mary
potential problem and a potential opportunity for cultural Folsom,which isreviewedon page28. Similarauthoritative
resource enhancement (Borley 1989). Other Conference guidebooks also existon a regional level, especially in the
speakers, from many countries, discussed tourism and Southwest(e.g., Listerand Lister1983; Noble 1981). Such
cultural heritagefromtheirown experiences and perspec- a focus on the Southwest is to be expected, as Ray
tives. Several common conclusions emerged from the Thompson explains:
presentations and discussions:
The ideathat archeology in this country must have some-
• Thedevelopmentoftourismfacilitiesshould notdisrupt thing to do with prehistoric southwestern Indians is still
the lives and cultures of native populations and local deeply rooted in the public mind. Early attitudes aboutthe
residents; Southwest and its Indian populations, both past and
present helped getthis persistent idea started (Thompson
• Careful planning isneededtoprotectthevisual integrity 1989:222).
of historic places and sites to minimize the impact of
touristfacilities and programs; Archeological tourism need not be focused exclusively on
theSouthwest, however.Thosewhocherishtheirissuesof
• There must be limits placed on the damage to cultural the now-defunct popular journal, Early Man, will recall a
resources and, in fact, these resources must be series of features entitled, "Visiting Archaeology." These
protected from any "consumptive" use; and featuressuggestedarcheologicaltoursofmanypartsofthe
United States including the Southeast, the New England
• Any tourism must benefit local residents and enhance coast, even theWashington, DC, area, along with afew in
the quality oftheir life. the Southwest. One of the Southeast tours listed a range
of national and State parks and museums that could be
Thereasonableness, nottomentionthefeasibility,ofthese visited including sites representing the entirecontinuum of
points is likelyto be discussed endlessly between tourism Native American occupation in the Southeast: Russell
experts and cultural resource managers. The participants Caveand MoundvilleinAlabama; Etowah Mounds,Ocmul-
intheConferencefeltthatajustifiablebalancecan usually gee, and Kobmoki in Georgia; and Florida's Fort Walton
be struck between preservation and tourism. Essential to BeachTemple Mound, Crystal River, andthe FloridaState
thisbalanceisearlycommunication andaccurateinforma- Museum.
tion upon which to base decisions.
States, Tribes, and Federal agencies have archeological
Communication is the theme of this article. There exists sites to visit and, increasingly, interpretive programs for
quitealotofinformation aboutarcheologythatisavailable visitors. The Listing of Education in Archeology Programs
foruseindevelopingarcheologicaltourism, thesourcesof (LEAP), which gives information on such programs, is
which will be described below. discussed on page 9. In
It is importantto move beyond Arizona, the State Historic
a simple listing, however, to Preservation Office, as noted
begin to establish means for in an article on page 7, helps
tourism experts, planners, and local communities develop
firms offering tours to com- regional tours; the theme of a
municate more widely and ef- recent statewide Archeology
fectively with archeologists, Week was "Tour Archaeol-
and vice versa. ogy." As an example of a
Federal agency program, the
September1991 Page3
Federal Archeology Report
Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is Participation in Archeology
promoting the protection, preservation, and
interpretationofcultural resourcesonthe270 Actual public participation in archeological
million acres that it manages, mainly in the activities mustbe carried outwith greatcare
western United States. The BLM "Adventures and developed in detail, making it difficultto
in the Past" program provides visitors oppor- organize and do effectively with volunteers,
tunities to learn about and enjoy America's especiallyshorttermvolunteers. Increasing-
past by contacting BLM State offices to find ly, organizations are adjusting their ar-
out about visiting archeological sites and in- cheological investigations to accommodate
terpretive facilities located on BLM land. the use of volunteers.
Participation in scientific investigations as a
Visiting Excavations Underway recreational experience is increasing
throughout the world. A wide range of
Communicating the right kind of information experiencesisbeingofferedundertheterms
within the necessary time frame becomes "ecotourism" and "environmental vacations"
more difficult when dealing with actual ex- (Ocko 1990; Yenckel 1990).
cavations in progress, because excavations EARTHWATCH, see an article on page 14,
most often adhere to schedules unrelated to the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center,
public visits or tourism. Yet, steps are being see page 16, the Centerfor Field Research,
taken by some organizations to provide this the Center for American Archaeology, the
kindofinformationinatimelyway. Otherorganizationsare Andover Foundation for Archaeological Research,
even adjusting their schedules for excavations in order to Smithsonian Research Expeditions, and the University
make publicvisitation easier. Research Expeditions Program are some of the better-
known organizations providing such opportunities. Public
Archeologymagazineprovidestravelguidestoarcheologi- agencies, such as the Forest Service with its Passport In
cal excavations inthe Newand OldWorlds, as detailed on Time program featured on the front page, provide similar
page9.Commercialfirmsandnon-profitorganizationswith opportunities forvolunteers to participate in archeological
special interests in archeology provide tourism oppor- investigations.
tunities that include visiting archeological sites, frequently
toincludeongoingexcavations. For22yearstheNewYork
Improvements Needed
firm of Archaeological Tours has been offering tours of
well-known archeological sites and areas throughout the
worldaccompaniedbyexpertsinthefield.Thesetours,and Heartening as the increased interest by the general and
similar ones sponsored by the Archaeological Institute of traveling publics may be, resource managers must take
America and the American Museum of Natural History action to counter the increased wear and tear on
focus on well-trod, archeological sites in the Mediter- archeological resources that this can cause. It is well to
ranean, NearEast, andAsia, although afewareofferedto keep in mind that public supportfor archeological preser-
CentralAmerica.WithintheUnitedStatessimilarnationally vation dependson publicunderstanding ofthe importance
advertised, organized tours are sponsored by the of protecting the nation's cultural heritage; visits to and
Archaeological Conservancy and the Crow Canyon participation in archeological investigations provide excel-
Archaeological Center. The focus of these tours is the lent opportunities to strengthen the public preservation
archeology ofthe American Southwest. ethic.
Opportunitiestovisitongoing excavations are notfocused There exists much information about archeology and
solely on tourists visiting from afar, either. The April 5, archeologicalresourcesthatisnoteasilyavailabletoeither
1991, "Weekend" section of the Washington Post tourists or tourism professionals. Basic among this infor-
newspaper provided a full page devoted to local mation are the names of organizations and facilities to
archeological programs that provide oppor- contact to obtain a quality archeological ex-
tunities for site visits and participation in perience, be it a visit to a museum, a tour of
archeological investigations. Increasingly, an excavation, oravolunteerexperience ata
State, county, and municipal archeological dig. Coordination of information from local,
and historical preservation programs, such as State,Tribal, and Federallevelsisneeded, as
the one in Annapolis, MD, discussed on page well as a means of providing access to this
10, are providing such opportunities as an information.
important part of their public education ac-
tivities. (Continuedonpage31)
Page4 September 1991
Federal Archeology Report
Passport in Time resources, the fear on the part of many professional
(Continuedfrompage 1) archeologists of inviting volunteers onto sensitive sites is
understandable. As land managers, however, and as
stewardsofafascinating resource,theymustfindwaysfor
historic preservation issues. Volunteers sign up through the publicto access this cultural heritage.
theClearinghouse, andtheirapplicationsareforwardedto
the national forests in which they wish to work. On his or Passport In Time ProjectGuidelines
her first project each volunteer receives a "Passport" in
which work hours contributed are recorded. Alreadythere The opportunities to increase understanding of heritage
is good-natured competition among PIT volunteers to resources, to heighten awareness of the fragility of these
amass the greatest number of hours. One volunteer who resources, andtoengenderasenseofpublicstewardship
began on the first project in Minnesota in 1988 has leading to betterpreservation and protection outweigh the
exceeded 1,000 hours. risks involved. Still, the risks need to be managed. To
assure a uniform, qualityexperience across the nation on
Program Philosophy PIT projects and to keep preservation foremost in the
mindsofF—Spersonnelandthemindsofthevolunteers, FS
—maintains Passport guidelines, which are continually
The American public has a love affair with history. In a reviewedandupdatedastheprogramevolves.Thefollow-
recent poll conducted -_——_—-——_——— — —_ ing are examples of these
amongpeoplevacationing guidelines:
on public lands, visiting
prehistoric and historic Thepublic is...growing more 1. There must be a legitimate
sitesrated No. 1 onthelist scientific reason for a project.
of things to see and do. sophisticated in its questfor A site should not be "created"
Thepublicalso isgrowing recreation. Mere relaxation and toteach aconcept, norshould
more sophisticated in its a site be excavated purely for
questfor recreation. Mere entertainment are no longer public participation.
rmeelnatxaatrieonnoalnodngeenrtaerltwaaiyns- always enough. People want 2. The primary PIT goal is to
enough. People want meaningful recreation that incor- provideeducation and to build
resourceawarenessforvolun-
meaningful recreationthat porates learning something. teers. Each project must fea-
incorporates learning
ture an educational recreation
something.Theyaremore
—— experience as well as scien-
consciousoftheirenviron- _______
ment and their role in tific research. When develop-
ing a research design, factors
protecting They want a
it. aimed at enhancing the volunteer experience must be
morning hike to include information about that environ-
considered. Volunteers' critiques indicatethatmostvolun-
ment. Theywantto stay in historic hotels, oreven historic
teers are not aspiring archeologists, therefore Passport
lookouts. They want to go on nature hikes. As Elizabeth
projects are not labor intensive. This does not mean that
Estill, Directorof FS Recreation, Cultural Resources, and
Wilderness Management, stated, "People are seeking scientific standards suffer, but only that flexibility in tasks
and timeframes must be considered in the project design.
cerebral recreation."
The Passportprogram was born ofthis public interestand 3. Volunteers should be treated as research associates,
notasfreelaborersforFS research interests.Theyshould
dTehmeagnoda,l obfutPIitTdiosetso innoctreexaisset suonldeelrysttoanmdeientgtohfatprdeehimsatnordi.c be encouraged to proceed ata pacethat is comfortableto
them, with special emphasis on developing good
and historic resources and how archeologists and his-
archeological techniques.
toriansstudyandcarefortheseresources. Publicdemand
created a window of opportunity, but preservation and 4. A PIT project should not be a site or project for which
protection of heritage resources provide the impetus, the there is a deadline for producing information; a research
purpose, and the goal ofthe program. interest must drive the investigation of the site. This will
Embarking on a massive public education or resource permit flexibility to spend as much time as necessary on
thesite, even returning yearafteryear. Sinceeducation of
interpretation program requires a great deal of respon-
sibility; responsibility to the people involved and to the volunteers is the first priority, it is not fair to impose the
resource. Because of the serious problems of casual col- deadlines necessaryfor project compliancework.
lecting and commercial looting of non-renewable heritage
September 1991 Page 5
Federal Archeology Report
5. A trained archeologist or historian must be a direct Another way to guarantee success is to design a project
supervisor of all volunteers. The ratio of supervisors to with a multiplicity of tasks such as excavation, site map-
volunteersvariesaccordingtoprojecttypebut,asageneral ping, artifact processing, and public interpretation, and
rule, an archeological excavation will require one profes- then rotate volunteers through the tasks. This wards off
sional foreach fourvolunteers. boredom,especiallyforlongtermvolunteers,andprovides
a variety of experiences. Planned evening activities like
6. A summary should be written, in language for the lay visiting lecturers, slide shows, and guided tours are
public, of the scientific results of each project. This is popular. Most Passport volunteers are looking for a total
required as normal professional ethics, as a report to the experience, Peters notes. Talks and walksfeaturing other
volunteers, and as a follow-up report to any media that resourcesintheareaareagoodwaytogetotherresource
advertised the project. How manytimes have members of specialists involved and provide a total environmental
the publicbeentold thatthe information, notthe artifact, is education experience.
the goal of archeology? Sending volunteers a final report
showing graphically how their work contributed to new With a site selected and a plan mapped out, all that is
information is essential. needed are the volunteers.
Projects are advertised in the
PIT Traveler, distributed by the
PIT Clearinghouse. The
How Does the Program newsletter lists information on
Work? each project, its location,
accommodations, and age and
PIT is now a national pro- skill requirements. For many of
gram, but as its moose logo the projects of longer duration
suggests, the program was thehostnationalforestsprovide
born in the Great Lakes free camping in developed
States. Peters has been con- campgrounds. Many projects
ducting PIT projects in Min- have minimum time require-
nesota for three years and ments. On the Superior Nation-
has some sage advise on al Foresta6-daycommitmentis
what makes a successful required, and volunteers must
Passport project. be 18 years of age unless
accompanied by a participating
Selection of the site for a parentor legal guardian.
Passport project is the first
concern, accordingto Peters. Volunteers apply directly to the
Select projects, he advises, Clearinghouse, which forwards
based on aresearch interest, their applications to individual
not a compliance need, and forests. The forests have their
design projects sothatinves- own local public relations and
tigation can continue over volunteer recruitment
several seasons. Site loca- programs. Once volunteers are
tion is important; Passport projects should have relatively selected the host forest notifies them and sends informa-
easy access and pleasant working conditions. This en- tion packets containing a description of the site and the
sures large numbers of site visitors during a project and research interests, details about accommodations, and a
facilitatesmonitoringforsiteprotectionaftertheprojecthas list of things to bring. These packages include question-
been completed. naires, to be completed and returned by the applicants,
indicating date andtime ofarrival, verification of participa-
Howmuchtimeandfundingcanbecommittedtoaproject? tiondates,whethercampingspaceisdesiredoralternative
Theanswertothisquestionwilldeterminethelengthofthe lodging has been selected, and other information neces-
project and the number of volunteers that can be accom- saryforthe hostforestto complete afinal schedule.
modated. There is no time minimum or limit for PIT
projects,andtheydonothavetobeelaborate, buttimeand When the volunteers arrive on a site a FS representative
fundingmustmatchaspirationsinordertoprovideaquality presents an orientation on the archeology of the area and
experience forvolunteers. It is often bestto plan a project
inphasesoverseveralyears.Thisallowsflexibilitytoadjust
to unpredictable situations such as weather, numbers of
volunteers, or unforseen discoveries. (Continuedonpage6)
Page6 September1991
Federal Archeology Report
H
Passport in Time -:., I .....
(Continuedfrompage5)
introduces information on archeologicaltechniques, basic
safety procedures, and routine care of equipment.
At the completion of their commitments, volunteers may
submitcritiquesdirectlytotheClearinghouse,anonymous-
ly if they prefer. The critiques are used to modify and
improve the Passport program. Project supervisors write
summaries of the season's discoveries and scientific
results,whicharemailedtothevolunteers.Thisallowsthe
volunteers to see how their time and effort contributed to
the broader understanding of North American prehistory.
It is information they take with them, as opposed to an
artifactwhose information potential would thus be lost.
WhatArethe Benefitsof Passport In Time?
Passport In Time benefits the public, the FS, and the
profession but, most importantly, it benefits the heritage
resources. The program meets the public's quest for
"M*
cerebralrecreation,environmentaleducation, andinvolve-
ment in conservation of the environment. Critiques from
volunteers, young and old alike, emphasizethisagain and j-v «*•« Jr. V
again. The public loves being involved in a scientific ""k*V v
endeavor and, contrary to what some archeologists fear,
Passport projects do not attract would-be collectors or
looters. The people who sign up for these projects are
already environmentally conscious. Their involvement in Volunteers survey and map Anasazl sites on the Manti-Lasal
PIT only increases their commitment to include another NationalForest,EasternUtah.(PhotocourtesyGordonPeters.)
sensitive resource.
eFnScobuernaegfeistspeionpltewotowvaisyist.theThnraotiuognhal PfoIrTesttsheanadgefinncdys ftroheractotrihsdetsafinitrgesitsbmltieamtkeo.etshSempeopnurbdeliisnceginnstteihmewehfoaernnmdiotmfreoisnnuteletryspritenotaaftipinrodondaaunncddt
ways to better serve the public. The George Washington
to the archeologists in theform of preservation and public
National Forest in Virginia had threevolunteers for itsfirst stewardship ofthe resources.
project. Word spread and 90 people showed up. Forest
Archeologist George Tolley was able to accommodate Somearcheologists havedifficultyacceptingthe Passport
them all, butsome projects have had to turn people away program.Workingwithvolunteersoranypublicinterpretive
and many volunteers have worked on projects that were program requires synthesis of data. Once archeologists
their second or third choices. Volunteers have already become involved with Passport volunteers they realize
askedaboutnextyear'sopportunities, andforeststhathad how refreshing it is to bring together into a story all those
planned one PITprojectare now lookingforwaysto make details they have labored with. Suddenly they see the big
Passport In Time an on-going projectfortheir units. picture, and also see the gaps in their knowledge. PIT
improves archeologists' understanding of the resources
An important benefit to the agency is the rounding out of they are charged with managing.
its cultural resource management program. FS officials
who once thought managing cultural resources meant The most important benefits accrue to the cultural resour-
finding and recording sites and avoiding them during ces. The public gains understanding and meaningful
ground disturbing activities have discovered that it also recreation;theagencygains happycustomers, managers,
meanstransformingtheirdatainto understandingthe past and increased support for resource programs;
uses of the environment, connecting the present with the archeologists gain insight into the big picture of prehistory
past, and serving the public. After seeing the enthusiasm and history in their units. The resources gain protection,
generated byits successful PITproject, the Uinta National
ForestinUtahhiredapermanentprofessionalarcheologist
(Continuedonpage 30)
September 1991 Page 7
Federal Archeology Report
Arizona State Parks Board
Arizona Studies the Past to Find its Future
ByShereenLerner
Remnants ofArizona's past have long been successful in avariety of resources existto create a 1- or 2-day tripfor
drawing visitorstothe State. Thevalue and importance of visitors from Phoenix. At Camp Verde there is FortVerde
its cultural heritage has been recognized by planners, State Historic Park, a military outpost dating to the late
economic development experts, elected officials, and the 1800s. Five miles north is Montezuma Castle National
businesscommunityaswellaspreservationists. Latelythe Monument and Montezuma Well, 13th-century ruins
attraction visitors find in significant cultural resources has associated with the Sinaguan culture. Fifteen miles to the
been noted bythose in the tourism business. west is Tuzigoot National Monument, a 13th-century
pueblo, and the early 1900s mining town of Jerome.
Studies oftravel motivations bythe National ParkService Natural wonders in the area include the Verde River,
and the National Trust for Historic Preservation have Mingus Mountain, and, just 20 miles north, Oak Creek
shown that an interest in learning aboutthe past is one of Canyon.
three major reasons people travel. The other two are
recreation opportunities and the desire to view great Recently the town of Comville, just five miles from
natural sights. Preservation can create a thriving tourist Tuzigoot, hasbeguntoworkonpreservingSugarloafRuin,
industry and bring an awareness of their heritage to a 13th-century Sinaguan pueblo located on a hill in the
citizens. People enjoy the contrastthat historic properties center of town. Last year the town banded together with
createandthesenseofplacetheyinspire. Heritageresour- several Indian Tribes to win statewide attention with their
ces are genuine; they give people a feeling of continuity efforts to prevent a developer from first digging and then
with their own past that allows them to better understand developing the site. The developer is now fully endorsing
themselves and whothey are as a society. efforts to preserve the site. The multitude of resources
available to visitors in this region is almostoverwhelming,
TheState Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) helpscom- and marketing hasbecomeakeyvariable intheeconomic
munities promotetheirheritage resources. In doing sothe success of the small communities surrounding these
SHPO works together with local officials to coordinate resources.
planning and development needs. An effective tourism
program requires an arrayof sites and attractions, natural ThereisasuccessstoryinthetownofGlobe,acommunity
and scenic as well as cultural, and the inclusion of other offewerthan6,000peoplewhoseveralyearsagodecided
essential ingredients such as restaurant, shopping, and to work on the development of the archeological site of
lodging facilities. Regional plans are being generated to Besh-Ba-Gowah, a 13th-century Salado pueblo, as a city
incorporate a variety of tourist destinations, because park with a museum and restored pueblo. Hands-on
recenttravelstudieshaveshownthatshort-termvacations activity such as participating in the excavation of unex-
of three to five days are more common than long ones. posed portions of the site are part of the city's cultural
Consideration of State or regional themes that link resources program. With the assistance of professional
individual sites and attractions into one coherenttour is a archeologists, several historic preservation grants, city
critical ingredient in the development of a full-scale funds, and alargeamountofvolunteerlaborandmaterials
heritagetourismprogram. History,archeology,andthearts donated bythecitizensofGlobe,theparkisnowopen and
are good places to find such themes and give a region a draws approximately 1,400 to 2,000 visitors per month.
unique identity attractive to visitors. An additional part of More than 95 percent of these visitors come from outside
the SHPO effort has been to produce two brochures, theGlobearea; approximately45percentareout-of-state.
ArchaeologicalParksandSites and HistoricParks, which It is estimated that with this rate of visitation out-of-state
hbiugthallisghotsnmoatllocniltyytahnedNcaotuinotnyalpaarnkdsSltoactaetePdairnkcsomofmuAnriitzioensa veicsoitnoormsyw.illWhcoenntrifbuultley $de9v0e0l,o0p0e0d,annBueaslhl-yBtao-Gtohewalhocails
expected to drawfrom 78,000 to 98,000 visitors and con-
around the State. Both brochures are in theirthird printing
tribute over$3 million annuallyto the local economy.
sincetheywere published two years ago.
Following the regional theme concept, small communities Globe also has looked to its historic properties for
are working together to bring visitors to their region, with economic revitalization, participating in both Main Street
heritageresourcesprovidingamajorpartoftheircombined and Certified Local Government programs. In 1988 the
effortstomarkettheirarea. Forexample, incentralArizona
(Continuedonpage8)
Page8 September1991
Federal Archeology Report
Arizona Studiesthe Pastto Preserve its Future providing visitors with a complete experience of learning
(Continuedfrompage 7) about the resource and the people who once lived there.
The park attracts more than 70,000 people annually.
businesses, 17 building rehabilitations, and private rein- Arizona's rich cultural heritage has made it possible for
vestment amounting to more than 1.5 million. The old these communities and many others to devise means to
County Courthouse is now an art gallery, and a walking advantageously use cultural resources for both economic
tour has been organized to guide people through Historic development and educational purposes. In each case the
Globe.Thecombinationofbuilding upboth prehistoricand community is working to provide visitors with a unique
historic properties as parts of an overall tourism package experiencethatteachesthemaboutthepastandthevalue
willserveGlobewell.ToquoteSheldon Miller, Managerof of preservation of the resources. Combined with SHPO
the Greater Globe-Miami Chamber of Commerce, "Our efforts to educate and inform the public through Arizona
future is going to be our past." Archaeology Week, Archaeology in the Schools, park
brochures, and the Site Steward program, this gives
Arizona a well-rounded program providing both residents
On the urban side, the City of Phoenix, through passage and tourists with a better understanding ofthe heritage of
ofabond issue, isworkingtoenhancethe PuebloGrande those who once lived there.
citypark.Thecityhas recentlycompleted landscapingthe
parkto make itmore attractive and, more importantly, has Foradditional information, contactShereen Lerner,State
completed a major stabilization of the park's ruins while Historic Preservation Office, Arizona State Parks
addinganewtrailsystem.Amuseumoffersmanyhand-on Board, 800 West Washington, Suite 415, Phoenix, AZ
activities and children's programs throughout the year, 85007; telephone [phone].
CasaMalpais NationalHistoricLandmark, Sprlngervllle,AZ. (PhotocourtesyStateHistoricPreservationOffice, ArizonaStateParks.)
September1991 Page9
Federal Archeology Report
Archaeological Institute of America National Park Service
Archeological Assistance Division
Travel Guide for
LEAP Clearinghouse
Archeologists
TheArcheologicalAssistance Divisionofthe National Park
ByMarkRose
Service is soliciting material for a second volume of the
Listing of Education in Archeological Programs (LEAP)
Letters addressed to the editor atArchaeology fall into a Clearinghouse providing all new information about recent
few basic types: inquiries about specific discoveries or public education efforts carried out as part of Federal
sites, praise or condemnation of a recent article, children agencies' and otherorganizations' archeological projects.
wanting to know howto become an archeologist and how
much pays, andoccasionalcrankswhohavedeciphered The LEAP Clearinghouse includes, but is not limited to,
it
Linear A or just received an important message from a informationon: (1) projectsorprograms, includingcoopera-
long-dead Maya ruler. A final category of letter from tiveeffortsamong Federal agencies,to protectarcheologi-
readers asks for information about where and when they cal resources and to educate the public about these
canvisitarcheologicalsitesorvolunteertoparticipateinan resources; (2) projects or programs with avocational or-
excavation. As aservicetothese readersan annualdirec- ganizations and
tory of excavations has been published in Archaeology volunteers involving
magazine since 1983. archeological sur- Listing of Education in
vey, testing, excava- Archeology Programs:
Inthefirstyearthedirectory, known astheTravel Guide," tion, curation, or The LEAP Clearinghouse,
included 11 sites in20countriesthroughouttheworld. By interpretation; (3) 1987-89SummaryReport,
1985 the Travel Guide had expanded so much that it projectsorprograms
became necessary to divide it into 16-page inserts in the of museums, is available through the
twospringissues.Thisisessentiallytheformatusedtoday academic institu- U.S. Government Printing
with the sites divided into Old World and New World tions, historical Office at $13 per copy,
categories and only those sites with active excavations societies, etc., for order number 024-005-
listed. The 1991 Travel Guide" included more than 160 exhibits or displays 01075-1, Superintendent
sites in 41 countries. about archeological of Documents, Govern-
resources; and (4) ment Printing Office,
ExcavationentriesintheTravel Guide"presentdatesand brochures, posters, Washington, DC 20402-
timesthe site is open and excavation dates ifappropriate; videos, radio and
a brief description of the site and nearby attractions of television coverage, 9325; Fax (202) 523-
interest such as other archeological or historical sites, and other products 0019.
museums, and parks; directions and site accessibility for ofthese efforts. The
those in wheelchairs; and the name and address of an LEAP Clearinghouse is intended as a reference for
individual visitors orvolunteers may contactfor additional Federal, Tribal, State, and local agencies, museums,
information or necessary applications. societies, educational organizations, and individualsseek-
ing information on existing projects, programs, and
The entries are based upon responsesto aform mailed to
productsto increase publicawareness of archeology.
severalthousandarcheologists.ThesuccessoftheTravel
Guide" is, therefore, entirelydependenton thewillingness Information may be submitted to the LEAP Clearinghouse
of archeologists in the field to welcome visitors or accept by any Federal, Tribal, State, or local organization,
volunteers. In this respect the Travel Guide" acts as a academic institution, archeological or historical society,
bridge between the professional community and the inter- museum, private foundation, company, or individual using
ested lay public. This is, in fact, the primary goal of outreach methodsand materialstopromoteanarcheologi-
Archaeology itself and the Archaeological Institute of cal project or program to the public.
America (AIA), which publishesthe magazine.
Agencies and organizations that would like to be listed in
The fact that responses continue to come suggests that the new LEAP Clearinghouse report should request a
many archeologists consider public outreach to be a LEAP form from LEAP Coordinator, Archeological As-
professional obligation. But there are some disturbing sistanceDivision(436),NationalParkService,P.O. Box
37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; telephone (202 or
FTS) 343-4101, FAX [phone].
(Continuedonpage31)
Page 10 September 1991
Federal Archeology Report
New Hamphire Division of Historical Resources
Archeology
Goes
Public
Annapolis
in
ByParkerB. Potter, Jr.
i
COME VISIT
ARCHAEOLOGY
ANNAPOLIS
IN
TAKE
A FREE
MINUTE
12
JOUR
OF THfc
sif"
SHWLAPHOUSE
ARCHAE0L0GO1
srre
SPONSORED BY THE
MARYLAND
HUMANITIES C0UNC1