Fed Power Fed Power How Finance Wins Lawrence R. Jacobs and Desmond King 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America © Oxford University Press 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Jacobs, Lawrence R. | King, Desmond S. Title: Fed power : how finance wins / Lawrence R. Jacobs, Desmond King. Description: New York, NY : Oxford University Press, 2016. Identifiers: LCCN 2015040588 (print) | LCCN 2015050008 (ebook) | ISBN 9780199388967 (hardback) | ISBN 9780199388974 (E-book) | ISBN 9780199388981 (E-book) Subjects: LCSH: Federal Reserve banks—History. | Banks and banking, Central—United States—History. | Monetary policy—United States—History. | Government accountability—United States—History. | Equality—United States—History. | Democracy—United States—History. | BISAC: POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Policy / Economic Policy. | POLITICAL SCIENCE / General. Classification: LCC HG2563 .J33 2016 (print) | LCC HG2563 (ebook) | DDC 332.1/10973—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015040588 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Typeset in Century Schoolbook Printed by Sheridan, USA Contents Acknowledgments vii 1 Why Fed Power Matters 1 2 The Rise of the Fed State 52 3 Concealed Advantage 92 4 The Fed’s Legitimacy Problem 131 5 Preparing for the Next Financial Crisis 161 Notes 189 Index 245 Acknowledgments This book grows out of our investigations of American politi- cal economy during the last decade at a series of conferences convened at Nuffield College and the Rothermere American Institute in Oxford University. For financial support we are grateful to Nuffield College, the Nuffield College Mellon Trust Fund, and the Rothermere American Institute, as well as the Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs and the Walter F. and Joan Mondale Chair for Political Studies at the University of Minnesota. We are grateful to paper givers and participants at two conferences we convened on the politics of governing the Federal Reserve. None bear responsibility for errors of fact or interpretations. We would also like to acknowledge the research assistance of Patrick Carter, Peter Polga-Hecimovich, and Jonathan Spiegler in the Humphrey School of Public Affairs, as well as Marissa Theys in the Department of Political Science at the University of Minnesota. At Oxford University Press, Dave McBride has been an out- standing editor whose support, guidance, and meticulous line- by-line editing has been invaluable. We thank also Kathleen Weaver and Gwen Colvin for their excellent guidance through the production process. vii viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We dedicate this book to our families and their good cheer in joining us on this journey. Fully alert to the hard truths of life, we offer them these words from Seamus Heaney—“Believe in miracle, And cures and healing wells.” LRJ DK Fed Power
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