FDR and his Contemporaries: Foreign Perceptions of an American President

246 Pages·1992·25.319 MB·English

by  Cornelis A. van Minnen, John F. Sears (eds.)

FOR AND HIS
CONTEMPORARIES
The Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute Series
on Diplomatic and Economic History
General Editors: Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Willliam J. vanden Heuvel
and Douglas Brinkley
I. FOR AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES:
Foreign Perceptions of an American President
Edited by Cornelis A. van Minnen and John F. Sears
2. NATO: THE CREATION OF THE ATLANTIC
ALLIANCE AND THE INTEGRATION OF EUROPE
Edited by Francis H. Heller and John R. Gillingham
FOR AND HIS
CONTEMPORARIES .
Foreign Perceptions of an American President
Edited by
Cornelis A. van Minnen and John F. Sears
M
MACMILLAN
© Comelis A. van Minnen and John F. Sears 1992
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1992 978-0-333-57374-7
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First published 1992 by
THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS
and London
Companies and representatives
throughout the world
ISBN 978-1-349-21903-2 ISBN 978-1-349-21901-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-21901-8
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library.
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Cornelis A. van Minnen and John F. Sears
PART I.
INTRODUCTION
1. Franklin D. Roosevelt's Internationalism . . . . . . . . . . 1
Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.
PART D.
FDR'S ALLIES
2. Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt:
A Marriage of Convenience . . . . . . . 17
David K. Adams
3. De Gaulle and Franklin D. Roosevelt . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Claude Fohlen
4. Stalin and Franklin D. Roosevelt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Valentin Berezhkov
5. Sikorski, Mikolajczyk, and Franklin D. Roosevelt,
1939-1945 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 63
Lubomir W. Zyblikiewicz
6. Review of American-Yugoslav Relations in
World War II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 75
Ivan Cizmic
7. Wilhelmina and Franklin D. Roosevelt:
A Wartime Relationship . .......... 85
Albert E. Kersten
8. The Oslo States and Franklin D. Roosevelt . . . . . . . . . 97
GervanRoon
9. Latin America and Franklin D. Roosevelt . . . . . . . . . 111
Henry Raymont
10. Chiang Kai-shek and Franklin D. Roosevelt . . . . . . . 127
Hsi-sheng Ch'i
Part llL
FDR'SFOES
11. Hitler's Perception of Franklin D. Roosevelt
and the United States of America .. 143
DetlefJ unker
12. Mussolini and Franklin D. Roosevelt 157
Maurizio Vaudagna
13. Franco and Franklin D. Roosevelt. 171
Javier Tusell
14. Emperor Hirohito and Franklin D. Roosevelt . 185
Akiralriye
PART IV.
THE POSTWAR PERIOD
15. The Legacy of Franklin D. Roosevelt's Internationalism . 195
Leon Gordenker
ABOUT THE AUTHORS . 211
NOTES. 213
INDEX. 245
FOREWORD
On 16-18 May 1990, a group of prominent historians and political scientists
from some fifteen different countries around the world met at the Roosevelt
Study Center in Middelburg, the Netherlands, to discuss the topic, "Franklin
D. Roosevelt As Seen By His European, Latin American, and Asian Con
temporaries." Although innumerable books and articles have been published
over the years about FOR and U.S. foreign policy in the 1930s and 1940s,
President Roosevelt's personal relationship with his allies and foes and their
perceptions of him have never been as directly addressed from so many
perspectives as during this conference.
We were particularly pleased that colleagues from the Soviet Union,
Poland, and Yugoslavia participated in the meeting. Their presence ensured
a more balanced view of the multifaceted Roosevelt and his impact on the
entire world. It also helped fulfill the Roosevelt Study Center's goal of
serving as a pan-European venue for scholars at which a candid exchange of
opinions can take place. The conference participants were especially en
gaged by the eyewitness report of Dr. Valentin Berezhkov, who had served
as the personal interpreter for Stalin and Molotov and in that capacity had
met Hitler, von Ribbentrop, Roosevelt, and Churchill.
As organizers of this conference, we want to express our thanks to the
speakers who so graciously accepted our invitation to share their knowledge
and advance our understanding of the relationship between FOR and the
foreign leaders with whom he dealt. The atmosphere at the conference was
so stimulating and congenial that we could have continued our discussions
for several days more. We also gratefully acknowledge the support of the
conference sponsors: the AT&T Foundation, the Netherland-America Foun
dation, Inc., the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, the Roosevelt
Study Center, USIS The Hague, and the vanden Heuvel Family Fund.
We have divided the essays written for the conference into four parts:
part 1 deals with Franklin D. Roosevelt's internationalism; parts 2 and 3
focus on the relationships between Roosevelt and his allies and foes; and part
viii FDR end Hla Contemporaries
4 is devoted to the legacy of FOR's internationalism in the period after the
Second World War.
We hope that this volume will stimulate further research and discussion
about one of the most important political leaders of the twentieth century, a
man who, almost half a century after his death, continues to fascinate people
and whose shadow looms large over today's world.
Cornelis A. van Minnen
John F. Sears
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Part I
INTRODUCTION