Faust’s Anesthesiology Review

787 Pages·2019·23.113 MB·English

by  Mayo Foundation for Medical Education, Terrence L. Trentman

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2015v1.0
Faust’s
Anesthesiology Review
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Faust’s
Anesthesiology
Review
F i f t h E d i t i o n
Jeffrey T. Mueller, MD
EDITED BY
Terrence L. Trentman, MD Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology and
Professor and Chair
Perioperative Medicine
Department of Anesthesiology and
Mayo Clinic
Perioperative Medicine
Phoenix, AZ
Mayo Clinic
Phoenix, AZ
Steven H. Rose, MD
ASSOCIATE EDITORS Professor
Department of Anesthesiology and
Brantley D. Gaitan, MD
Perioperative Medicine
Assistant Professor Mayo Clinic
Department of Anesthesiology and Rochester, MN
Perioperative Medicine
Mayo Clinic Toby N. Weingarten, MD
Phoenix, AZ
Professor
Department of Anesthesiology and
Bhargavi Gali, MD
Perioperative Medicine
Assistant Professor Mayo Clinic
Department of Anesthesiology and Rochester, MN
Perioperative Medicine
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN
Rebecca L. Johnson, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Anesthesiology and
Perioperative Medicine
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN
iii
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
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FAUST’S ANESTHESIOLOGY REVIEW, FIFTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-56702-2
Copyright © 2020, 2015, 2002, 1994, 1991 by Mayo Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc.
All rights reserved.
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This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher
(other than as may be noted herein).
Notices
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and
using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances
in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be
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contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability,
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2018963634
Content Strategist: Sarah Barth
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Publishing Services Manager: Deepthi Unni
Senior Project Manager: Nayagi Athmanathan
Designer: Bridget Hoette
Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To my wife Laralee M Trentman,
for her loving support during this and our every endeavor,
and to the memory of my father Lee Trentman.
I can’t thank you enough.
CONTRIBUTORS
Arnoley S. Abcejo, MD Adam W. Amundson, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
Rochester MN Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
CHAPTER 112: Management of Cerebral Aneurysms Mayo Clinic
CHAPTER 160: Neurointerventional Radiology Rochester MN
CHAPTER 200: Anesthesia for Patients With Myotonic CHAPTER 43: Brachial Plexus Anatomy
Dystrophy CHAPTER 102: Upper Extremity Blocks
Martin D. Abel, MD Bradley Anderson, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology
Mayo Clinic Baylor College of Medicine
Jacksonville FL Houston TX
CHAPTER 40: Transesophageal Echocardiography: Anatomic CHAPTER 48: Inhalational Anesthetic Agents
Considerations
Jeffrey L. Apfelbaum, MD
Devon Aganga, MD Anesthesia and Critical Care
Anesthesiology and Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Chicago
Mayo Clinic Chicago IL
Rochester MN CHAPTER 235: American Society of Anesthesiologists
CHAPTER 184: Risks of General Anesthesia and Sedation Evidence-Based Practice Parameters
Drugs in Pediatric Patients
Richard L. Applegate, II, MD
Christopher M. Aiudi, PharmD Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science University of California Davis
Rochester MN Sacramento CA
CHAPTER 208: Treatment of Cancer-Related Pain CHAPTER 52: Renal Effects of the Inhalation Agents
Brooke E. Albright-Trainer, MD Katherine W. Arendt, MD
Anesthesiology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
Yale University Rochester MN
New Haven CT Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
CHAPTER 118: Carotid Endarterectomy Mayo Clinic
Rochester MN
Alexandru Alexa, MD CHAPTER 51: Effects of Inhalation Agents on the Central
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Nervous System
Mayo Clinic CHAPTER 100: Combined Spinal-Epidural Blockade
Phoenix AZ CHAPTER 169: Fetal Assessment and Intrapartum Fetal
CHAPTER 111: Anesthesia for Awake Intracranial Surgery Monitoring
CHAPTER 179: Anesthesia for Tubal Ligation
Maj Ali Akber Turabi, MD
Adjunct Assistant Professor in Anesthesiology Sarah K. Armour, MD
Uniformed Services University Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
Madigan Army Medical Center Mayo Clinic
Tacoma WA Rochester MN
CHAPTER 94: Toxicity of Local Anesthetic Agents CHAPTER 154: Monitored Anesthesia Care
Wesley Allen, MD Trygve K. Armour, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic
Jacksonville FL Rochester MN
CHAPTER 123: Right Heart Failure, Tricuspid and CHAPTER 154: Monitored Anesthesia Care
Pulmonary Valve Pathology
CHAPTER 218: Pulmonary Hypertension
vi
Contributors vii
Christopher Bailey, MD Sorin J. Brull, MD, FCARCSI (Hon)
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic
Phoenix AZ Jacksonville FL
CHAPTER 45: Factors That Affect Anesthetic Gas Uptake CHAPTER 31: Physiology of Neuromuscular Transmission
CHAPTER 61: Reversal Agents of Neuromuscular Block
Anna E. Bartunek, MD
Division of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Anaesthesia and Jason M. Buehler, MD
Intensive Care Medicine Anesthesiology
Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine
Medicine Knoxville TN
Medical University of Vienna CHAPTER 16: Central Regulation of Ventilation
Vienna, Austria
CHAPTER 46: Minimum Alveolar Concentration Daniel R. Bustamante, MD
CHAPTER 74: Sodium Bicarbonate University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine
Knoxville TN
Markus A. Bendel, MD CHAPTER 114: Anesthesia for the Sitting Position
Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Paul E. Carns, MD
Mayo Clinic Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
Rochester MN Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
CHAPTER 210: Epidural Steroid Injection for Low Back Pain Mayo Clinic
Rochester MN
Keith H. Berge, MD CHAPTER 205: Neuraxial Opioids
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
Mayo Clinic Renee E. Caswell, MD
Phoenix AZ Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
CHAPTER 223: Medical Ethics Mayo Clinic
CHAPTER 243: Chemical Dependency in Anesthesia Phoenix AZ
Personnel CHAPTER 49: Nitrous Oxide
Kara A. Bjur, MD Ryan M. Chadha, MD
Pediatric Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic
Rochester MN Jacksonville FL
CHAPTER 187: Fluid Management in Infants CHAPTER 151: Anesthesia for Laryngeal Surgery
CHAPTER 199: Pediatric Neuromuscular Disorders CHAPTER 231: Intraoperative Patient Positioning and
Positioning Complications
Susan Black, MD
Department of Anesthesiology Jonathan E. Charnin, MD
University of Alabama in Birmingham Senior Associate Consultant, Department of Anesthesiology
Birmingham AL and Perioperative Medicine
CHAPTER 115: Physiology and Treatment of Venous Air Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
Embolism Mayo Clinic
Rochester MN
Patrick B. Bolton, MD Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
Phoenix AZ CHAPTER 9: Disconnect Monitors
CHAPTER 111: Anesthesia for Awake Intracranial Surgery
CHAPTER 120: Anesthesia for Adult Complex Spine Surgery Frances Chung, MBBS
Women’s College Hospital and Toronto Western Hospital
Kaitlyn Brennan, DO, MPH University Health Network
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine University of Toronto
Mayo Clinic Toronto, Canada
Rochester MN CHAPTER 87: Obstructive Sleep Apnea
CHAPTER 143: High-Frequency Ventilation: Physics,
Physiology, and Clinical Applications
viii Contributors
Brittney Clark, MD Ryan C. Craner, MD
Anesthesiology Resident Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic
Mayo Clinic Phoenix AZ
Rochester MN CHAPTER 121: Detection and Treatment of Perioperative
CHAPTER 211: Stellate Ganglion Block Acute Coronary Syndromes
CHAPTER 132: Percutaneous Approaches to Valvular
Steven R. Clendenen, MD Disease: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair
Mayo Clinic
Jacksonville FL Robert M. Craft, MD
CHAPTER 93: Local Anesthetic Agents: Mechanism of Action Professor and Chair
and Pharmacology Department of Anesthesiology
University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine
Norman A. Cohen, MD Knoxville TN
Professor CHAPTER 82: Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
Oregon Health & Science University Robert M. Craft, MD
Portland OR Anesthesiology
CHAPTER 236: Value-Based Payment Models University of Tennessee
CHAPTER 242: Medical Coding and Payment Systems Knoxville TN
CHAPTER 79: Type, Screen, and Crossmatch of Red Blood
Daniel J. Cole, MD Cells
Department of Anesthesiology CHAPTER 114: Anesthesia for the Sitting Position
Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center CHAPTER 128: Evaluation of the Coagulation System
Los Angeles CA CHAPTER 220: Acute Renal Failure
CHAPTER 227: Depth of Anesthesia
Timothy B. Curry, MD, PhD
Richard T. Connis, PhD Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
Committee on Standards and Practice Parameters Mayo Clinic
American Society of Anesthesiologists Rochester MN
Park Ridge IL CHAPTER 216: Perioperative Management of Blood Glucose
CHAPTER 235: American Society of Anesthesiologists
Evidence-Based Practice Parameters Ashley R. Dahl, MD
Resident
Zacherie Conover, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic
Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
Phoenix AZ CHAPTER 181: Effect of Anesthesia on Neural Development
CHAPTER 26: Tachyarrhythmias CHAPTER 206: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Leslie Conroy, MD Resham Datta, MD
Obstetric Anesthesia Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
Vanderbilt University Mayo Clinic
Nashville TN Rochester MN
CHAPTER 170: Analgesia for Labor Department of Anesthesiology
CHAPTER 172: Preterm Labor: Tocolytics and Anesthetic Weill Cornell Medical College
Management New York NY
CHAPTER 36: Hepatic Physiology and Preoperative
David J. Cook, MD Evaluation
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine CHAPTER 153: Enhanced Recovery Pathways (ERPS)
Mayo Clinic
Rochester MN Marie L. De Ruyter, MD
CHAPTER 126: Cardiopulmonary Bypass Assistant Professor
CHAPTER 140: Double-Lumen Tracheal Tubes Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
Mayo Clinic
Douglas B. Coursin, MD Jacksonville FL
Anesthesiology and Medicine CHAPTER 149: Complications of Transurethral Resection of
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public the Prostate
Health
Madison WI
CHAPTER 161: Anesthesia for Patients With Diabetes
Mellitus