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Cons rvation Area Series, 40 Conservation Area Series, 40 Fauna of BANDHAVGARH TIGER RESERVE (Madhya Pradesh) Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata Zoological Survey of India Kolkata CITATION Editor-Director. 2009. Fauna of Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve, Conservation Area Series, 40 : 1-291. (Published by the Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata) Published : July, 2009 ISBN 978-81-8171-223-3 Co-o rdinator Dr. Kailash Chandra Zoological Survey of India, Central Regional Station, Jabalpur-4B2 002 © Govt. of India, 2009 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. • This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher's consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which, it is published. • The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should be unacceptable. PRICE Indian Rs. 550.00 Foreign : $ 35; £ 30 Published at the Publication Division by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, 234/4, Ale Bose Road, 2nd MSO Building, 13th floor, Nizam Palace, Kolkata 700020 and printed at Mis Alpha Printers, New Delhi - 110 015. Fauna of Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve (Madhya Pradesh), Conservation Area Series 40 2009 1-291 CONTENTS 1. AN OVERVIEW .................................................................................................... 1-24 Kailash Chandra 2. INSECTA: ODONATA ....................................................................................... 25-38 S.K. Mishra 3. INSECTA: ORTHOP'I"ERA ............................................................................... 39-57 Sunil Kumar Gupta 4. INSECTA: MANTODEA ................................................................................... 59-61 Kailash Chandra 5. INSECTA: HEMIP'I"ERA (Aquatic and Semi-aquatic) ................................... 63-70 G. Thirumalai and R.M. Sharma 6. INSECTA: NEUROP'I"ERA .............................................................................. 71-73 Kailash Chandra and J. Thilak 7. INSECTA: DIP'I"ERA : CECIDOMYIIDAE (Gall Midges) ........................... 75-79 R.M. Sharma 8. INSECTA: COLEOP'I"ERA: SCARABAEIDAE .............................................. 81-88 Kailash Chandra 9. INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA: RHOPALOCERA AND GRYPOCERA ......... 89-129 K. Chandra, R.M. Sharma and M.L. Koshta 10. INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA: HETEROCERA ............................................ 131-140 Kailash Chandra 11. ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE (Mites) .......................................................... 141-146 Y.N. Gupta 12. PISCES ....................................................... ...._ ............................................ 147-160 ~ J. Thilak iv 13. APPENDIX-AMPHIBIA ................................................................................ 161-162 14. REPTILIA ....................................................................................................... 163-177 Kailash Chandra and R.P. Gupta 15. AVES ................................................................................................................ 179-270 Kailash Chandra and R.P. Gupta 16. MAMMALIA ................................................................................................... 271-291 D.K. Harshey 2001. Surv. India Fauna of Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve, Conservation Area Series, 40, 2009 : 1-24. FAUNA OF BANDHAVGARH TIGER RESERVE: AN OVERVIEW KAILASH CHANDRA Zoological Survey of India, Central Regional Station, labalpur-482002 INTRODUCTION Bandhavgarh lies on the extreme north-eastern border of the state of Madhya Pradesh in district Umaria (which was earlier a part of Sahadol district) and the northern flanks of the eastern Satpura mountain range. It is located on the coordinates 23 °30" 12" to 23° 46" 30" Nand 80° 47' 15" to 81°11' 45" E at altitudes between 410 m and 810 m. Presently the Reserve's area falls in the two distncts Umaria and Katni. The vibrant and luxuriant jungle of the reserve is composed of Tropical Moist deciduous Forests, North Indian Moist deciduous Forests, Moist Peninsular low level Sal and West Gangetic Moist Mixed deciduous Forests. The dominant species, however is Sal (Shorea robusta), interspersed with dense clumps of Bamboo throughout the Reserve. Large grassy patches or meadows are plenty in the Reserve. More than twenty streams rise or flow through the Reserve, of which Urnrar (forming the western boundary) is the largest. All the streams ultimately flow into river Son, an important southern tributary of the Ganges. The climate of the Reserve is North Indian monsoonal having well-defined winter, summer and rainy seasons. Most of the rainfall is received during monsoon with an average of 1173 mm. The mercury can drop up to 2°C in peak winter and may go up to 40°C in peak summer. Bandhavgarh was declared a National Park in 1968 with an area of 105 sq. km acknowledging its status as a prime wilderness land. In the year 1982, three more ranges viz. Khitauli, Magdhi and Kallawah were added to Tala range (the original Bandhavgarh National Park) to expand the area of Bandhavgarh to the extent of 448 sq. km. It was in the year 1993 Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve came in to being having a core area of 694 sq. km including previously noted ranges and the Panpatha Sanctuary along with a buffer area of 437 sq. km enlarging the total area of the Reserve to 1161.47 sq km (Map-I). Bandhavgarh is an invaluable treasure hOlls of wild fauna as it is said to have the ~ highest density of healthy wild tiger population in the world and one of the most widely visited Tiger Reserves of the country by domestic as well as foreign tourists. The tourism season starts from October till June. It was the former hunting preserve of Maharaja of Rewa. The area was also popularly known as country of white tigers. The 2 Fauna of Bandhavgar:h Tiger Reserve, Conservation Area Series, 40 D ~G G R Map of Bandhavg,arh Tiger Reserve CHANDRA : An Overview 3 white fgers, now a major attraction around the world's zoos, were first discovered in the erstwhile Rewa State. Apart from tig,er, the reserve is unique from biodi vers,ity point of view. Besides, Bandbavgarh Tiger Res,erve also possesses several places of historica importance and archaeological signif canc'e like Bandhavgarh Fort, Chakradhara, 'Gopalpur, Shesh Shaiya, Badigufa" Ketkiha, Bhitri B,ah, Tree Cave Point, Sita Mandap, Ghorademon, Andheri Jhiria, R,aj Baher,a, Sehr,a and M,ahaman Pond ,etc. As far as the legend goes" the fort of Bandhavgarh was a token of love from one of the revered Hindu God- incarn.ates, Lord Rama for his much loved younger brother Lakshman. The man made caves with their inscr.iptions and rock-paintings forc,e archeologists to date Bandhavgarh settlements back to pre-'Christ times" if not pre-historic. FAUNAL EXPLORAT ONS In order to draw a faunal diversity profile of the Tiger Reserve, sev,eral faunistic surveys w,ere undertaken in the core and buffer zones of the reserve from 2003-2007. Based on t 'e faunal samples collected and animals observed at var:ous locations of the reserve, the "n formation ,emanated i g. yen in Table-I. Altogether 644 sp'ecies are documented of which, 341 are vertebrates ,and 303 invertebr,ates. Faunal diversity profile of Bandbavgarh Tiger Reserve s. or No. Nanle of the Group species Numb~r A ARI 2, 7 3 4 5 Aqua 'c & miaqu ti 6 RA 7 PT A ( pal ce .8 OPT A Heter er, 9 OPT - A ( 10 DIPT R ( cid myllda 11 17 12 13 -I 4 1\ 5 MAMMAL - - - TOT r\L 644 I 4 Fauna of Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve, Conservation Area Series, 40 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere thanks are due to Dr. Ramakrishna, Director, Zoological Survey of India, for providing facilities and encouragements. I am also thankful to the authors for contributing the chapters without which this document would not have seen the light of the day and to Dr R.M. Sharma, Scientist-D for his whole hearted support in finalizing the document. I also extend my thanks to Shri M.E. Limje, Photographer Grade-III for the photographs utilized in the document. I am also indebted to various experts on different groups and their inputs for the finalization of manuscripts. I sincerely thank Shri Rati Ram Verma, Publication Production Officer, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata for his efforts in bringing out the document. CHANDRA : An Overview 5 PLATE-l Bamera Dam