Fauna of Andhra Pradesh. Part 7. Marine Mollusca

277 Pages·2015·8.26 MB·English

STA Ti FAUNA S RIES 5
PAR 7
a· · e Mo uses
OOLOGICAL SURV V OF I DIA
State Fauna Series, 5
FAUNA OF ANDHRA PRADESH
(PART-7)
Marine Molluscs
Edited by
The Director, Zoological SunJey of India, Kolkata
Zoological Survey of India
Kolkata
CITATION
Editor-Director, 2007. Fauna of Andlzra Pradesh, State Fauna' Series, 5(Part-7)-Marine
Molluscs: 1-260 (Published by the Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata)
Published : September, 2007
ISBN 978-81-8171-167-0
© Govt. of India, 2007
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STATE FAUNA SERIES
FAUNA OF ANDHRA PRADESH
Marine Molluscs
Part-7 2007 1-260
CONTEN1"S
1. MARINE MOLLUSCS: POLYPLACOPHORA AND GASTROPODA ............. 1-148
Ramakrishna, A. DeYt S. Barua and A. Mukhopadhya
2. MARINE MOLLUSCS : BIVALVIA, SCAPHOPODA AND
CEPHALOPODA ................................................................................................. 149-260
A. Dey and Ramakrishna
Zool. Su rv. India
Fauna of Andhra Pradesh, State Fauna Series. 5(Part-7) : 1-148, 2007
MARINE MOLLUSCS: POLYPLACOPHORA AND
GASTROPODA
RAMAKRISHNA, A. DEY, S. BARUA and A. MUKHOPADHYA
Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053
INTRIODUCTION
The Andhra Pradesh is one of the largest state of southern India lies between 12° 14'-19°4'
N latitude and 76°50'-84°60' E longitude, occupying a geographical area about 2.75,068 sq
kms bounded on the north by Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, on the south by Tamil Nadu. on
the east by Bay of Bengal and on the west by Maharashtra and Karnataka. It has 23 districts
of which 9 are coastal, the coast line stretches to about 960 kms. The lakes and tanks covers
8,00,000 hacters and the river systems are more than 1500 kms. There are two nlajor river
systems Godavari and Krishna originating from Western Ghats and meet the Bay of Bengal.
Three mountain ranges-Eastern Ghats, Decan Plateau with Sahyadri range and Harsely and
other hills. offers different ecosystems for molluscs. It has forest ecosystems for land forms,
freshwater ecosystems for freshwater forms., estuarine and marine ecosystems for estuarine
and mangrove forms and sea for marine forms.
The coast line stretches on the eastern side of the state to about 960 kms covering 9
districts endowed with a number varied habitat like sandy stretches, rocky coast, mud flats,
mangrove areas, creeks and backwaters giving a diversified ecosystems for molluscs. Marine
fauna is rich and varied on the coast line encompasses almost all type of intertidal habitat
from hyper saline and brackish lagoons, estuaries and coastal marsh and mud flats to sandy
and rocky shores with every degrees of exposure and widely ranging profile. Sub tidal habits
are equally diverse.
The molluscan fauna of Andhra Pradesh are dealt in three parts. The first part included
•
the entire land and freshwater molluscs so far known from the state already publ ished by
Mitra et al., 20~5. The marine and estuarine molluscs are dealt in two parts, the part I
includes the marine and estuarine forms belonging to class Polyplacophora and Gastropoda,
the part II deals with remaining three classes Cephalopoda, Bivalvia and Scaphopoda.
Fauno of Andhra Pradesh, State Fauna Series, 5
2
Earlier work :
So, as far as the marine molluscs concerned ti11 date there is no consolidated account from
the state of Andhra Pradesh. From the available literatures and reports of the faunistic work
of the state have been referred in general way. The important studies made are from
Nagabhushanam (1955, 1960) who recorded 23 wood boring species from Visakhapatnam
harbour. Rajagopal and Mookherjee (1978, 1982), Mookherjee (1985) reported 9 and 8
species of molluscs respectively from Andhra Pradesh during their work on marine molluscs
of Coromandel Coast. Subba Rao et al. (1991) recorded 69 species of molluscs from the state
in their report of Marine molluscs from Orissa coast. Surya Rao and Subba Rao (1991)
reported the occurrence 13 species from Andhra Pradesh during their report of Molluscan
fauna of Lakshadweep. Subba Rao et al. (1992) recorded 41 species of marine and estuarine
species from the 'state of Andhra Pradesh during their work of Estuarine and Marine molluscs
of West Bengal. Subba Rao and Dey (2000) listed 43 species of marine molluscs from
Andhra Pradesh in their Catalogue of Marine molluscs of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
A total of 357 species of marine molluscs recorded from Andhra. Pradesh of which 2
belongs to Polyplacophora, 200 to Gastropoda, 6 to Cephalopoda, 146 to Bivalvia and 3 to
Scaphopoda.
REPRESENTATION OF DIFFERENT CLASSES OF MARINE
MOLLUSCS,ANDHRA PRADESH
II Sivalvice Cephalopoda. Scaphopoda. mG astropoda Cl Polyplacophora
The tnaterials studied includes the collections accunlulated since 1894 in the National
Zoological Collections of Zoological Survey of India~ collections received from different
institutions, universities for identification and the collections made by the authors during the
surveys conducted along the coast.
The marine molluscs of Andhra Pradesh part I deals with 202 species of which 2 species'
of Polyplacophora and 200 species of Gastropoda.
The classification followed is that of Vaught (1989).
RAMAKRISHNA et al. : Maril1e Molluscs : Polyplacoplzora and Gastropoda 3
SYSTEMATIC LIST
Class POLYPLACOPHORA
Order NEOLORICATA
Suborder ISCHONOCHITONINA
Family CHITONIDAE
Subfamily CHITONINAE
Genus Chiton Linnaeus, 1758
1. Clziton gra1loradiatus Leloup
Suborder ACANTHOCHITONINA
Family ACANTHOCHITONIDAE
Subfamily ACANTHOCHITONINAE
Genus Acanthochitona Gray, 1821
2. Acanthochitona I1lahensis Wickworth
Class GASTROPODA
Subclass PROSOBRANCHIA
O~~ ARCHAEOGASTROPODA
Supelfamily PLEUROTOMARIOIDEA
Family HALIOTIDAE
Genus Haliotis Linnaeus, 1758
Subgenus Ovinotis Cohon, 1843
3. Haliotis (OVillotis) ovina Gmelin
Superfalnily FISSURELLOIDEA
Family FISSURELLIDAE
Subfamily EMARGINULINAE
Genus Elnarginuia Lamarck, 1801
4. El1largillllia obovata A. Adams
Genus Scutus Montfort, 1810
5. SClItuS unguis Linnaeus
Subfamily DIODORINAE
Genus Diodora Gray, 1821
6. Diodora singaporellsis (Reeve)
4 Fauna of Alldlzra Pradesh, State Fauna Series, 5
Superfamily PATELLOIDEA
Family PATELLIDAE
Subfamily NACELLINAE
Genus Cellalla H. Adams, 1869
7. Cel/ana radiata radiata (Born)
Superfamily TROCHOIDEA
Family TROCHIDAE
Subfamily MARGARITINAE
Genus Euchelus Philippi, 1847
8. Euchelus asper (Gmelin)
9. Euchelus asper var tricarinatus (Lamarck)
Subfamily CALLIOSTOMATINAE
Genus Calliostonla Swainson, 1840
10. Calliosto111Cl scobillata (A. Adam)
*
11. CaII iosfonul tranquebarica (Roeding)
Subfamily UMBONIINAE
Genus Umboniunl Linnaeus, 1758
12. Unzbolliu111 vesfiarlll111 (Linnaeus)
Genus Monilea Swainson, 1840
13. Monilea calliJera (Lamarck)
Family TURBINIDAE
Subfamily TURBININAE
Genus Turbo Linnaeus, 1758
Subgenus Marlnarostonla Swainson, 1829
14. Turbo (Marnzarostol1za) brulllleus (Roeding)
Superfamily NERITOIDEA
Family NERITIDAE
Subfamily NERITINAE
Genus Nerita Linnaeus, 1758
Subgenus Alnphinerita von Mattens, 1887
15. Nerifa (Anzphillerita) polifa Linnaeus
Subgenus Ritella Gray, 1857
16. Nerifa (Rifena) plicara Linnaeus
RAMAKRISHNA et al. : Marine Molluscs: Polyplacophora and Gastropoda 5
Subgenus Theliostyla Moerch, 1852
17. Nerita (Theliostyla) albicilla Linnaeus
18. Nerita (Theliostyla) chanlaeleon Linnaeus
19. Nerita (Theliostyla) squanlulata Le Guillon
Genus Neritina Lamarck, 1816
Subgenus Dostia Gray, 1840
*
20. Neritina (Dostia) crepidularia (Lamarck)
21. Neritinll (Dostia) violacea (Gmelin)
Subgenus Pseudonerita H.B. Baker, 1923
22. Neritina (Pseudonerita) sulculosa 'von Martens
Genus Theodoxus Montfort, 1810
Subgenus Clitlton Montfort, 1810
23. Theodoxus (Clithon) oualalliellsis (Lesson)
Order MESOGASTROPODA
Superfamily LITTORINOIDEA
Family LITTORINIDAE
Subfamily LITTORININAE
Genus Littoraria Griffith and Pidgeon, 1834
Subgenus Littoraria s. st.
24. Littoraria (Littoraria) ulldulata (Gray)
Subgenus Littorinopsis Moerch, 1876
25. Littoraria (Littorillopsis) scabra scabra (Linnaeus)
Subgenus Palustorina Reid, 1986
26. Littoraria (Palustorina) lnelanostolna (Gray)
Genus Nodilittorina von Martens, 1897
Subgenus Nodilittorina s. st.
27. Nodilittorina (Nodiliftorina) pyramidalis pyra1l1idalis (Quoy and Gaimard)
Subgenus Granulittorina Habe and Kosuge, 1966
28. Nodilittorina (Granulittorina) leucosticta leucosticta (Philippi)
29. Nodilittorina (Granulittorina) I1zillegrana (Phillippi)
Superfamily RISSOIDEA
Family ASSIMINEIDAE
Subfamily ASSIMINEINAE
Genus Assilllinea Flemi ng, 1828
30. Assi1ninea brevicliia (Pfeiffer)