Fats and oils in human nutrition : report of a joint expert consultation : Rome, 19-26 October 1993 PDF
Preview Fats and oils in human nutrition : report of a joint expert consultation : Rome, 19-26 October 1993
Fatsand oils FOODAFNADO in human nutrition NUTRPIATPIEORN Reportofajointexpertconsultation Copyrightedmaterial Fatsandoils FOODAFNADO NUTRITION 1 in human nutrition PAPER 57 Reportofajointexpertconsultation Organizedbythe FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations andthe WorldHealthOrganization Rome,19-26October1993 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION aFnodod OArgrgiacnuilztautrieon otUNfhnaeittieodns Rome,1994 lal , Reprinted1998 TptNaourharhbetebeliaoipoducoanenarrssdttoiaifcgorooinniftnaesdcttsaoehiu.rentonhonotiFsrnoieigmotmpidtplehlsyeao,tnolyhrdeeegcdeaAoxlgnaprcsnritedecarusttnlsuhitiseunorognpefrtoeahfOsenraeygdnneaytclnaoioitumpzniiiatotntrnaiiytooo,infontnwmehooarfrftaietittrtsoshiroeyafe,lrvUocinneintitriyttehoeorindrss M-80 ISBN92-5-103621-7 ApAA0rrlegpeh0ltrppo1rilrtri0cioieou0cdgvcluaahotRltctpustiosryioymeroinseensnOts,,glreeosgmrIorhatvr,saoneoluoiuyrd.ctzlthahdreNtabprioneewosrinmapsmiadeiotrd,fsttrsewteiodihlositensnhteUa,ohwinudnsiitytttpohfteuhotadbehrlsemNiptacroDataiirtitorbeorieynomcpntseaeo,nnrrmty,mVaoiimIfyasneltsfaebhioneeordsmnep,arluotleerfieplporetTonchosetedDreruiocvcmanoieienpscddyi,,dorimenisx,egCttchFaeohtronraatooencwddoainflcaieltnanrahld.a,e Contents Acknowledgements ix Participants xi Reviewersandcontributors XV Chapter1 1 Introduction Generalconclusionsandrecommendations oftheconsultation Chapter2 9 Compositionofdietaryfat Chapter3 11 Aspectsoffatdigestionandmetabolism Chapter4 25 Globaltrendsintheavailability ofediblefatsandoils Chapter5 33 Processingandrefiningedibleoils Chapter6 45 Selectedusesoffatsandoilsinfood Chapter7 49 Lipidsinearlydevelopment Chapter8 57 Health,obesityandenergyvaluesofdietaryfat Chapter9 65 Coronaryheartdiseaseandlipoproteins Chapter10 73 Isomericfattyacids This One 4Q6C-5FO-NHB7 Chapter11 81 Canceranddietaryfat Chapter12 89 Dietaryfatandimmuneresponse Chapter13 95 Dietaryfat,hypertensionandstroke Chapter14 99 Non-glycerideconstituentsoffats Chapter15 103 Nutritionlabelling Annex 107 Bibliography U2 Copyrightedmaterial V Tables 2*1 Somedietaryfattyacids 11 4*1 Availabilityoffatsandfatenergyratio 26 byeconomicgroup(1961-1990) 4*2 Totalfatsavailablepercaput/dayand 26 meanfatenergyratioin165countries (1988-1990) 4*3 Contributionoffatsandoilsbyfoodsgroupsin1990 20 1*1 Averagefattyacidvaluesofmaturehumanmilkin 52 EuropeandAfrica Copyrightedmaterial Figures 2J. Diagramoffattyacids IQ 2.2 Structureofcisandironsdoublebonds 12 2.3 Diagramofacylglycerides 12 2.4 Diagramofphospholipids 13 2.5 Diagramoftocopherolandtocotrienol 13 2*6 Diagramofq-caroteneandB-carotene 14 2.7 Cholesterolandseveralplantsterols 15 2J1 Chemicalstructurefororyzanol(24-methylene- 16 cycloartanolesterofferulicacid) 3.1 Theinfluenceofdietaryfatonlipoprotein 13 metabolism 33 Sequenceofconversionsofunsaturated 2Q fattyacids 13 Theeicosanoidcascade 23 43 Availabilityoffatspercaput/dayindeveloped 22 anddevelopingcountries(1961-1990) 43 Fatavailablebyincomeperpersonin134countries 28 (1989) 43 Fatenergyratioinrural,suburbanandmetropolitan 29 areasof5Brazilianregions 4.4 Changeinvegetableoilavailabilityindeveloped 31 anddevelopingregions 53 Formationofvariousartefactsinsoybeanoil 32 underextremeconditionsofheattreatment Copyrightedmaterial vii 5.2 Transfattyacidformationduringhightemperature 38 deodorisationofvariousoils 5.3 Reductionoftocopherol(A)andsterol(B)content 41 ofsoybeanoilduringbleachingandsevereheat treatment(time=2hours) 9.1 Effectsofindividualdietaryfattyacids 68 onserumtotalandlipoproteincholesterol 10.1 InfluenceoftransfattyacidsonLDLandHDL 77 cholesterollevels 11.1 Relativechangesinfatintakeandageadjusted 84 mortalityfrombreastandcoloncancerinJapan 11.2 Relativeriskofcolonandbreastcancerbyanimal 84 fatintake 11.3 Dietaryfatinrelationtocanceratspecificsites 87 12.1 Roleofeicosanoidsinregulationofimmunological 90 andinflammatoryprocesses Copyrightedmaterial Acknowledgements FAOandWHOexpresstheirgratitudeforthecontributionsoftheexperts whoparticipatedinthisconsultation. Anumberoftheparticipatingexperts pbarseipsarfeodrtdhreafttexptaopfertshewchhiacpht,erasftoefrtdhiisscruespsoirotn.aFndAOamaennddmWeHntO,aflsoormweidshthteo thankthemanyotherexpertswhocontributedpapers,andreviewedand modifiedthedraftpaperspriortotheconsultation. Specialappreciationis offeredtoDrMarkHegsted, whoservedasChairmanoftheExpert Consultationandprovidedguidanceinthepreparationofthereport. The effortsofDrJoyceBeare-Rogers,whoundertookthelargetaskofassisting thetwoorganizationsin preparing fortheconsultation,compilingand reviewingdraft papers, and developing the final report are gratefully acknowledged. Copyrightedmaterial i FAO/WHOexpertconsultationonfatsandoilsinhumannutrition X Participants K.T.Achaya G.Bray 282HundredFeetRoad PenningtonBiomedicalResearchCenter Indiranagar,Bangalore560038 DepartmentofMedicine India LouisianaStateUniversity 6400PerkinsRoad BatonRouge,LA70808-4124 USA MohamedSalehHamedAl-Jasir* NutritionDepartment MinistryofHealth Riyadh K.K.Carroll SaudiArabia CenterforHumanNutrition •(Unabletoattend) DepartmentofBiochemistry UniversityofWesternOntario London,OntarioN6A5C1 Canada AbigailAndah FP.oOo.dBRoesxeaMrc2h0Institute MinistryPostOfficeBranch M.A.Crawford Accra InstituteofBrainChemistryandHuman Ghana Nutrition QueenElizabethHospitalforChildren HackneyRoad LondonE28PS JoyceBeare-Rogers UnitedKingdom 41OkanaganDrive Nepean,Ontario,K2H7E9 Canada RicardoUauyDagach InstituteofNutritionandFoodTechnology UniversityofChile, MarkA.Bieber Casilla15138 BestFoodsTechnicalCenter Santiago11 150PierceSt. Chile CallBox6710 Somerset,NJ08873-6710 USA Copyrightedmaterial
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