Fast Track UML 2. 0

177 Pages·2008·11.866 MB·English

by  Scott, Kendall

Fast Track UML
2.0
KENDALL SCOTT
APress Media, LLC
Fast Track UML 2.0
Copyright o 2004 by Kendall Scott
Originally published by Apress in 2004
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording. or by any information storage
or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher.
ISBN 978-1-59059-320-2 ISBN 978-1-4302-0720-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4302-0720-7
1iademarked names may appear in this book. Rather tban use a trademark ~1 witb every
occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names ooly in an editorial fashion and to tbe
benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infrinpm.ent of the trademark.
Technical Reviewer: Doug Holland
Editorial Board: Steve Anglin, Dan Appleman, Gary Cornell, James Cox, Tony Davis, John
Franklin, Chris Mills, Steve Rycroft, Dominic Shakeshaft, Julian Skinner, Jim Sumser, Karen
Watterson, Gavin Wray, John Zukowski
Assistant Publisher: Grace Wong
Project Manager: Kylie Johnston
CopyBditor: John Edwards
Production Manager: Karl Brooks
Proofreader: Katie Stence
Compositor: ContentWorks
Cover Designer: Kurt Krames
Manufacturing Manager: Tom Debolski
The information in this book is distributed on an •as is" hasis, without warranty. Although every
precaution bas been taken in tbe preparation of this worlc, neither the autbor(s) nor Apress shall
have any Uability to any person or entitywith respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to
be caused directly or indirectly by tbe information contained in this wolk.
Contents at a Glance
Introduction .......................................................x i
Chapter 1 Classes ...............................................1
Chapter 2 Class Relationships ................................2 5
Chapter 3 Class and Object Diagrams .........................4 1
Chapter 4 Use Cases ............................................4 9
Chapter 5 Packages .............................................6 1
Chapter 6 Events, Actions, and Activities ...................6 7
Chapter 1 State Machines ......................................9 1
Chapter 8 Interactions .......................................1 01
Chapter 9 Components, Deployment,
and Higher-Level Modeling ........................1 21
Chapter 10 Profiles, Templates, and Information Flows .....1 33
Appendix Stereotypes .......................................1 39
Glossary ...........................................................1 45
Bibliography ......................................................1 63
Index ..............................................................1 65
iii
Contents
Acknowledgments ....................................................i x
Introduction ........................................................x i
Chapter 1 Classes .............................................. 1
Classes and Objects ................................................1
Discovering Classes ................................................5
Attribute and Operatia n Details ................................... 7
Visibility ........................................................... 7
More About Attributes ...............................................9
More About Operations ............................................ 1O
Abstract Classes ...................................................1 3
Active Classes .....................................................1 4
Interfaces, Ports, and Connectors ...............................1 4
Interna! Class Structure ......................................... .1 6
Collaborations .....................................................1 9
other Stereotypes on Classes .....................................2 0
Looking Ahead ......................................................2 3
Chapter 2 Class Relationships ............................. 25
Associations .......................................................2 5
Aggregation .........................................................2 8
Generalization .....................................................3 1
Dependencies .......................................................3 4
Usage Dependencies ...............................................3 4
Abstraction Dependencies ..........................................3 5
Permission and Substitution Dependencies ...........................3 8
Association Classes ...............................................3 9
Looking Ahead ......................................................4 0
Chapter 3 Class and Object Diagrams ....................
41
Class Diagrams .....................................................4 1
Domain-Level Class Diagrams ...................................... .41
Analysis-Level Class Diagrams ..................................... .43
V
Contents
Design-Level Class Diagrams ....................................... .44
Object Diagrams ................................................... .47
looking Ahead ......................................................4 7
Chapter 4 Use Cases ..........................................
49
Actors and Use Cases ............................................. .49
Qualities of a Good Use Case .....................................5 1
Example Use Cases ..................................................5 3
Organizing Use Cases ............................................. .5 6
Include ...........................................................5 6
Extend ...........................................................5 7
Use Case Generalization ............................................5 8
Use Case Diagrams ..................................................5 9
looking Ahead ......................................................5 9
Chapter 5 Packages ...........................................
61
Package Fundamentals ..............................................6 1
Import and Access ..................................................6 3
Merging Packages ...................................................6 4
Package Diagrams ...................................................6 5
Looking Ahead ......................................................
66
Chapter 6 Events, Actions, and Activities ............ 67
Signals, Triggers, and Events ....................................6 7
Actions .............................................................6 9
Intermediate Actions ............................................... 71
Complete Actions .................................................. 74
Activities, Activity Nodes, and Activity Edges ................ 77
Activities ......................................................... 77
Activity Nodes ..................................................... 78
Activity Edges .....................................................8 3
Activity Groups ....................................................8 4
Activity Partitions .................................................. 84
Interruptible Activity Regions .......................................8 5
Structured Activity Nodes .......................................... .8 6
Activit y Diagrams ..................................................8 7
looking Ahead ......................................................8 9
vi
Contents
Chapter 7 State Machines ...................................
91
States and Transitions ............................................9 1
Pseudostates .......................................................9 5
Composite States and Submachines .............................. .1 00
Sequential Substates ............................................. .1 00
Concurrent Substates ............................................ .1 01
Submachines ....................................................1 0 2
Protocol State Machines ......................................... .1 03
State Machine Diagrams ...........................................1 03
Looking Ahead .................................................... .1 04
Chapter 8 Interactions .................................... .
107
Interactions, Lifelines, and Messages ......................... .1 07
Interaction Fragments ............................................1 08
Combined Fragments .............................................1 08
Continuations ...................................................1 11
Event Occurrences ................................................1 12
Execution Occurrences ........................................... .1 12
Interaction Occurrences ...........................................1 13
Part Decompositions ..............................................1 13
State Invariants ..................................................1 14
Interacti~n Diagrams .............................................1 14
Sequence Diagrams ...............................................1 14
Communication Diagrams ......................................... 116
Interaction Overview Diagrams .....................................1 17
Timing Diagrams .................................................1 19
looking Ahead .....................................................1 19
Chapter 9 Components, Deployment, and
Higher-Level Model ing .........................
121
Components .........................................................1 21
Component Diagrams ...............................................1 23
Component Stereotypes ........................................... .1 26
Artif acts and Ma ni festations ................................... .1 27
Nodes ............................................................. .1 28
Deployment ........................................................ .1 29
Deployment Diagrams ............................................. .1 30
Frameworks, Subsystems, and Systems ........................... .1 31
Looking Ahead .....................................................1 32
vii
Contents
Chapter 10 Profiles, Templates, and
Informat ion Flows ..............................
133
Profiles ...........................................................1 33
Templates ..........................................................1 36
Informat ion Flows .................................................1 38
Index ..............................................................1 39
Appendix Stereotypes ......................................
139
Glossary .........................................................
145
Bibliography ....................................................
163
Index ............................................................ .
165
viii
Acknowledgments
I'D LIKE TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE for having the patience to put
up with the various eccentricities of this semistarving author: John Edwards, for
doing such a fine job of copyediting; Doug Holland, for providing a fair and bal
anced technical review; Kylie Johnston, who continued to manage the project
despite some contentious commentary from yours truly; and John Zukowski,
for signing me to the deal in the first place and also for assorted helpful semi
technical commentary. l'd also like to thank the various and sundry Apress staff
who contributed to the effort to get this to press. Finally, 1 must acknowledge
my current muse, Jennifer Garner; it may appear at first glance that Ms. Garner
doesn't offer any particularly muse-like qualities, but anyone who has seen
Sydney Bristow in action knows what I'm talking about, 1 trust.
Kendall Scott
Harrison, Tennessee
March2004
[email protected]
http://kendallscott.com
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Introduction
Why This Book?
The Superstructure portion of the UML 2.0 specification with which I've been
working is 7811 pages long. (Actually, it's "only" 632 pages long, but the point is
that it's big.) This is the document that contains most ofthe "meat" that com
prises the UML. However, the document is rather impenetrable for anyone who's
not a "modeling junkie," which is basically why 1 wrote this book. In other words,
1 slogged my way through the spec so you don't have to.
The result is a book that's aimed at a somewhat more sophisticated audience
than my previous UML book.1 I'm assuming a certain level of knowledge of visual
modeling in general; it's probably helpful ifyou know something about UML l.x,
too, but that's certainly not a requirement. 1 haven't dane any "here's what's new
in this version of UML" comparisons-I've just jumped in and taken a fresh look.
Since the UML is, after all, a visuallanguage, there are lots of diagrams. I've
offered light supplementary text for most of them; my hope is that the examples
I've chosen explain themselves for the most part. Where 1 have particular exper
tise over and above what the UML is specific about-discovering classes and
writing use case text-1 offer what 1 hope is useful advice. Where 1 don't have
particular expertise-anything related to components, for instance-1 provide
references to books that I've found helpful over the past several years. (1 was
actually coauthoring a book on component-based development for a while, but
that book bas not yet been published. It may carne back to life; watch for it in
your bookstore!)
1 made my living as a technical writer for 16 years, translating complicated
subject matter into reader-friendly documents and manuals. Now 1 eam my
keep writing books and working as a trainer and mentor, teaching people about
the UML and about the approach to software development that Rosenberg and
Scott2 advocate. I'd like to think that this book retlects my experience and-hey,
why not?-wisdom.
1 Kendall Scott, UML Explained (Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2001).
2 Doug Rosenberg with Kendall Scott, Use Case Driven Object Modeling with UML (Boston, MA:
Addison-Wesley, 1999).
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