Fast Facts: Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer PDF
Preview Fast Facts: Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Mary O’Brien Benjamin Besse Mark M Awad Copyright 2022. S. Karger. All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law. EAABNcS:cC oO3u 2nP0tu4:b3 l3ni0ss 0h;1i 1nM8g.1 8LFN2:O 'aneBBrsoidoeutkn , C eoFoBl.dl aneBceictstisntoein,os g(MnE.BM-S.C OAhwS oasdt.C); -Fm apsrt©i nFa taSecdt. s o:aKn n Na7o/nr1-g1Sle/mc2ar0l l2lP2- Cu-9eeb:l0l lC9 is LAuhMner gv riCsaae nLcetrd 2l0l21 Fast Facts for Healthcare Professionals Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer 2nd edition Mary O’Brien MD FRCP Consultant Medical Oncologist The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust London, UK Benjamin Besse MD PhD Thoracic Cancer Unit, Head Department of Cancer Medicine Gustave Roussy Villejuif, France Mark M Awad MD PhD Clinical Director, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Massachusetts, USA With thanks to Drs Merina Ahmed, Wanyuan Cui, Michael Davidson, Simon Page and Shuai Zhang, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Dr Rajiv Kumar, University of Otago, Dunedin, and St George’s Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand; Dr Daisy Mak, Auckland Regional Cancer and Blood Service, Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand; Dr Jordi Remon, Hospital HM Delfos, Barcelona, Spain; and Dr David Walder, King’s College Hospital, London, UK. Declaration of Independence This book is as balanced and practical as we can make it. Ideas for improvement are always welcome: [email protected] EBSCOhost - printed on 7/11/2022 9:09 AM via . All us©e sSub.j Kecat rtgo ehrt tPpsu:/b/lwiwswh.eebrssco .Lctodm/ t2e0rm2s-1of-use Fast Facts: Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer First published 2016 Second edition 2022 Text © 2022 Mary O’Brien, Benjamin Besse, Mark M Awad © 2022 in this edition S. Karger Publishers Ltd S. Karger Publishers Ltd, Elizabeth House, Queen Street, Abingdon, Oxford OX14 3LN, UK Tel: +44 (0)1235 523233 Book orders can be placed by telephone or email, or via the website. Please telephone +41 61 306 1440 or email [email protected] To order via the website, please go to karger.com Fast Facts is a trademark of S. Karger Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the express permission of the publisher. The rights of Mary O’Brien, Benjamin Besse and Mark M Awad to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs & Patents Act 1988 Sections 77 and 78. The publisher and the authors have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of this book, but cannot accept responsibility for any errors or omissions. For all drugs, please consult the product labeling approved in your country for prescribing information. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law. A CIP record for this title is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-3-318-07010-1 O’Brien M (Mary) Fast Facts: Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer/ Mary O’Brien, Benjamin Besse, Mark M Awad Medical illustrations by Annamaria Dutto, Withernsea, UK and Graeme Chambers, Belfast, UK. Typesetting by Amnet, Chennai, India. Printed in the UK with Xpedient Print. EBSCOhost - printed on 7/11/2022 9:09 AM via . All us©e sSub.j Kecat rtgo ehrt tPpsu:/b/lwiwswh.eebrssco .Lctodm/ t2e0rm2s-1of-use List of abbreviations 5 Introduction 7 Prevention and screening 9 Diagnosis and staging 21 Surgery 33 Radiotherapy 41 Systemic therapy in non-metastatic NSCLC 53 Systemic therapy in advanced-stage/metastatic 79 disease without a molecular driver Personalized treatment in advanced NSCLC 87 Oligometastatic disease and brain metastases 125 Useful resources 141 Index 143 EBSCOhost - printed on 7/11/2022 9:09 AM via . All us©e sSub.j Kecat rtgo ehrt tPpsu:/b/lwiwswh.eebrssco .Lctodm/ t2e0rm2s-1of-use EBSCOhost - printed on 7/11/2022 9:09 AM via . All us©e sSub.j Kecat rtgo ehrt tPpsu:/b/lwiwswh.eebrssco .Lctodm/ t2e0rm2s-1of-use List of abbreviations AE: adverse event ICH: intracranial hemorrhage AR: acquired resistance ICI: immune checkpoint inhibitor/ inhibition ATP: adenosine triphosphate IGRT: image-guided radiotherapy BM: brain metastasis/metastases IHC: immunohistochemistry CHART: continuous hyperfractionated accelerated ILD: interstitial lung disease radiotherapy IMA: invasive mucinous CI: confidence interval adenocarcinoma CNS: central nervous system IMRT: intensity-modulated radiotherapy COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease LAT: local ablative therapy CT: computed tomography LDCT: low-dose computed tomography ctDNA: circulating tumor DNA MPR: major pathological response CTLA-4: cytotoxic T lymphocyte- associated protein 4 MRC: Medical Research Council DFS: disease-free survival MRD: minimal residual disease DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid MRI: magnetic resonance imaging ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology NGS: next-generation sequencing Group NLST: National Lung Screening Trial ECS: extracapsular nodal spread NSCLC: non-small-cell lung cancer EFS: event-free survival (NSCLC) NOS: not otherwise specified EMA: European Medicines Agency OM: oligometastatic FDA: (US) Food and Drug OS: overall survival Administration pCR: pathological complete response FDG: fluorodeoxyglucose PCR: polymerase chain reaction FISH: fluorescence in situ hybridization PD-1: programmed cell death GGO: ground-glass opacity protein 1 HIV: human immunodeficiency virus PD-L1: programmed cell death HR: hazard ratio ligand 1 5 EBSCOhost - printed on 7/11/2022 9:09 AM via . All us©e sSub.j Kecat rtgo ehrt tPpsu:/b/lwiwswh.eebrssco .Lctodm/ t2e0rm2s-1of-use Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer PET: positron emission tomography T-Dxd: trastuzumab deruxtecan PFS: progression-free survival TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor PORT: postoperative radiotherapy TMB: tumor mutation burden PS: performance status RATS: robotic-assisted thoracoscopic TNM: tumor-node-metastasis surgery TPS: tumor proportion score RCT: randomized controlled trial TRK: tropomyosin receptor kinase RNA: ribonucleic acid RR: response rate VATS: video-assisted thoracoscopic SABR: stereotactic ablative surgery radiotherapy VDT: volume doubling time SACT: systemic anticancer treatment SBRT: stereotactic body radiotherapy VEGFR2: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 SCLC: small-cell lung cancer SoC: standard of care VMAT: volumetric arc therapy SRS: stereotactic radiosurgery WBRT: whole-brain radiotherapy T-DM1: trastuzumab and ado-trastuzumab emtansine WHO: World Health Organization 6 EBSCOhost - printed on 7/11/2022 9:09 AM via . All us©e sSub.j Kecat rtgo ehrt tPpsu:/b/lwiwswh.eebrssco .Lctodm/ t2e0rm2s-1of-use Introduction Despite an overall decrease in tobacco use, lung cancer (80–85% of which is non-small-cell lung cancer [NSCLC]) is still the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women worldwide. Annual low-dose CT screening of high-risk individuals has the potential to detect early-stage tumors, which can usually be successfully treated with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy and, in some cases, targeted therapy. However, most patients with NSCLC still present with advanced or metastatic disease. For these patients, initial therapy is guided by the tumor’s molecular characteristics and patient’s performance status. Targeted therapies have significantly improved clinical outcomes and, for some patients with no targetable genetic alterations, immunotherapy has demonstrated significant overall survival benefit. This insightful guide is designed to bring you up to speed with the latest developments and is important reading for all health professionals and medical trainees working in this fast-moving field. 7 EBSCOhost - printed on 7/11/2022 9:09 AM via . All us©e sSub.j Kecat rtgo ehrt tPpsu:/b/lwiwswh.eebrssco .Lctodm/ t2e0rm2s-1of-use EBSCOhost - printed on 7/11/2022 9:09 AM via . All us©e sSub.j Kecat rtgo ehrt tPpsu:/b/lwiwswh.eebrssco .Lctodm/ t2e0rm2s-1of-use 1 Prevention and screening David Walder MBBS BSc MRCP(UK) Consultant Respiratory Physician, King‘s College Hospital, London, UK EBSCOhost - printed on 7/11/2022 9:09 AM via . All us©e sSub.j Kecat rtgo ehrt tPpsu:/b/lwiwswh.eebrssco .Lctodm/ t2e0rm2s-1of-use
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