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Farm Wars: The Political Economy of Agriculture and the International Trade Regime PDF

255 Pages·1998·14.873 MB·English
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INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY SERIES General Editor: Timothy M. Shaw, Professor of Political Science and Inter national Development Studies, and Director of the Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Recent titles include: Pradeep Agrawal, Subir V. Gokarn, Veena Mishra, Kirit S. Parikh and Kunal Sen ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING IN EAST ASIA AND INDIA: Perspectives on Policy Reform Steve Chan (editor) FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN A CHANGING GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY Jennifer Clapp ADJUSTMENT AND AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA: Farmers, the State and the World Bank in Guinea Seamus Cleary THE ROLE OF NGOs UNDER AUTHORITARIAN POLITICAL SYSTEMS Robert W. Cox {editor) THE NEW REALISM: Perspectives on Multilateralism and World Order Diane Ethier ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT IN NEW DEMOCRACIES: Lessons from Southern Europe Jacques Hersh and Johannes Dragsbaek Schmidt (editors) THE AFTERMATH OF 'REAL EXISTING SOCIALISM' IN EASTERN EUROPE, VOLUME 1: Between Western Europe and East Asia David Kowalewski GLOBAL ESTABLISHMENT: The Political Economy of North/Asian Networks Staffan Lindberg and Ami Sverrisson (editors) SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN DEVELOPMENT: The Challenge of Globalization and Democratization Laura Macdonald SUPPORTING CIVIL SOCIETY: The Political Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Central America Stephen D. McDowell GLOBALIZATION, LIBERALIZATION AND POLICY CHANGE: A Political Economy of India's Communications Sector Gary McMahon (ediwr) LESSONS IN ECONOMIC POLICY FOR EASTERN EUROPE FROM LATIN AMERICA Juan Antonio Morales and Gary McMahon (editors) ECONOMIC POLICY AND THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY: The Latin American Experience Paul J. Nelson THE WORLD BANK AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Limits of Apolitical Development Archibald R. M. Ritter and John M. Kirk (editors) CUBA IN THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM: Normalization and Integration Ted Schrecker (editor) SURVIVING GLOBALISM: The Social and Environmental Challenges Howard Stein (editor) ASIAN INDUSTRIALIZATION AND AFRICA: Studies in Policy Alternatives to Structural Adjustment Kenneth P. Thomas CAPITAL BEYOND BORDERS: States and Firms in the Auto Industry, !960-94 Caroline Thomas and Peter Wilkin (editors) GLOBALIZATION AND THE SOUTH Geoffrey R. D. Underhill (editor) THE NEW WORLD ORDER IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE Henry Veltmeyer, James Petras and Steve Vieux NEOLIBERALISM AND CLASS CONFLICT IN LATIN AMERICA: A Comparative Perspective on the Political Economy of Structural Adjustment -I-n-te~rn-a-ti-o-na·l ·P:ol-it-ic-al- E-c-o:no:m-y- S-e:ri-es­ Series Standing Order ISBN 978-0-333-7111 0-1 (outside North America on/yj You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of dlfticulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. England Farm Wars The Political Economy of Agriculture and the International Trade Regime Robert Wolfe School of Policy Studies Queen's University Kingston Canada tt First published in Great Britain 1998 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills. Basingstoke. Hampshire RGll 6XS and London Companies and represenlatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-349-39836-2 ISBN 978-0-230-39008-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230390089 First published in the United States of America 1998 by ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division. 175 Fifth Avenue. New York. N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-0-312-17700-3 Library of Congress Cataloging·in-Publication Data Wolfe, Robert. 1950- Farm wars: the political economy of agriculture and the inlemational trade regime,' Robert Wolfe. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. I. Produce trade-Govemment policy-Congresses. 2. Agricullure and state-Congresses. 3. Protectionism---Congresses. 4. Uruguay Round (1987-1994) I. Title. HD9000.6.wS37 1997 382'.41--<1c21 97-21672 CIP © Robert Wolfe 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1998 978-0-333-66599-2 All rights reserved. No reproduction. copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written pemlission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced. copied or transmitted save with wrillen permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright. Designs and Patents Act 1988. or under the terms of any licence permining limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. 90 Tottenham Court Road. London WI P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright. Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98 For my parents I thought we were producing too much food in the EEC - hence the surpluses. The German nodded significantly. 'Too much food to eat, yes!' I was baffled. 'What else is food for?' I asked him. 'We do not produce food for eating,' he replied. 'Food is a weapon!' I asked if he meant that we fight the Russians with food. He became impatient, and explained that we don't fight the Russians. They are our friends, our customers. We fight the Americans! 'The CAP gives us great influence over America, you see? Last war, guns. This war, butter.' 'It's better, butter,' I remarked facetiously and laughed a little. With apologies to the Rt Hon. James Hacker MP (see Lynn and Jay, 1988, p. 35) Contents List of Charts viii List of Figures ix List of Illustrations x Acknowledgements xi Glossary xiv Chronology xviii 1 Introduction 1 2 The GATT is Not a Free Trade Agreement: The Trade Regime and the Double Movement 10 3 The Double Movement on the Farm: Structural Change and the International Organization of Agriculture 44 4 Governing a Global Trading System: The Uruguay Round as a Single Undertaking 82 5 Opening Up the Green Box: Agriculture in the Final Act of the Uruguay Round 107 6 The Message in the Green Box 148 Appendix: The Agreement on Agriculture 165 Notes 200 Bibliography 203 Index 000 VII List of Charts 3.1 Agricultural products as a percentage of world exports 65 3.2 Food exports as a share of total merchandise exports 66 3.3 Food imports as a share of total merchandise imports 66 3.4 Leading exporters of food 68 3.5 Real international food prices, 1900-1987 70 3.6 Real international food prices, 1965-1994 71 3.7 World prices and stocks: wheat 72 3.8 Domestic support for agriculture in OECD countries: consumer and producer subsidy equivalents 73 3.9 Selected federal transfers to the prairie grain economy, 1970-1987 74 3.10 Employment in agriculture as a percentage of total civilian employment 75 3.11 Gross value added in agriculture as a percentage of GDP 75 vm List of Figures 2.1 The conceptual elements of regime theory 28 2.2 Interdependence, conflict, and institutions 38 5.1 PSE classification by type of measure 121 IX

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