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McGRAW-HILL PUBLICATION'S IN . AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING DANIELS SCOATES, A.E., CONSULTING EDITOR FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT FARM MACHINERY "AND EQUIPMENT BY HARRIS PEARSON SMITH, A.E. Chief, Division of Agricultural Engineering, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas; formerly Associate Professor of Agri cultural Engineering, Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas; Member, American Society of Agricultural Engineer8 SECOND EDITION SEVENTH IMPRESSION McGR:!\'W NE 4-lfF 19~BY COPYRIGHT, 1929, THE MCGR~,w-HILL BOOK COMPANY, INC. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without permission of the publishers. PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION • Many developments have occurred in the field of farm machinery in the seven-year interval between the first and second editions of this book. Improvements in tractor implements, espe.cially attachments for row crop tractors, have brought about changes in farming practices that have been largely instrumental in reducing labor requirements and production costs. The rapid progress in the mechanization of agriculture has made it necessary in the' preparation of this edition to revise and rewrite the greater portion of the text. Much obsolete material has been discarded and replaced with new subject matter. New chapters have been added, discussing farm machinery in its relation to agriculture, dusting and spraying equIpment. and terracing machinery. The chapters on wagons and motQr truc:;ks have been combined and supplemented with a treat ment of the automobile trailer. Many of the illustrations have been replaced, by either new or improved ones to show the latest types of machines now available. The dis~ussion of the developments on the mechanical harvesting of cotton has been brought up to date, giving results of experimental work done during the past few years. Improvements in haying machinery, such as placing the gears in a bath of oil enclosed in a dustproof case and the windrow pick-up baler, are described and illustrated. A number of illustrations show machinery equipped with rubber tires, an innova- . tion on many farm implements. In general, an effort has been made to bring the entire sulJject matter of the text up to date and to show the latest developments in the field of farm machinery. The author is indebted to many farm implement manufacturers for their splendid cooperation in furnishing descriptive literature and illustrations. He especially desires to expr~ss his appreciation to Pro fessors F. R. Jones and Donald Christy for their helpful suggestions and criticisms. A sincere attempt was made to give credit wherever due, and any oversights were not intentional. H. P. SMITH. COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS, February, 1937. v PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION This book is int~nded primarily as a text for use in farm machine classes for agricultural and agricultural engineering students. It is al intended as an aid to farm equipment salesmen and dealers, agricultUl extension workers, farmers, and others interested in the introducti. and use of labor-saving equipment for the farm. . It has been the aim of the author to present a treatise on faJ machinery coVering the most important types of machines used in gene] 'farming. The book opens with a discussion of the rp.ore importa phases of physics which are of assistance in analyzing the design, Opel tion, and adjustment of the machines taken up in later chapters. Follo ing this is a brief description of the various elements of a farm machiJ together with typical applications. An innovation is the chapter on t selection of farm machinery in which are given suggestions as to the be place to purchase the equipment. The main part of the book is a discussion of the various types of fa] machines, their design, construction, operation, and efficiency. M( space is given to plows than ordinarily because of their importance the preparation Of the seed bed for all crops. Machinery used in t growing, harvesting, and preparation of cc)tton for the market is giv special attention. The combined harv~ster-thresher is thQrougl covered. The author has endeavored to arrange the discussion of thl machines in the logical sequence in which they are usually applied to 1 farm work. The entire field of farm machinery as applicable to this country I been covered as fully as space will permit. An effort was made to cover the latest types of machines develoJ for the farm;'those machines that have proved to be economical in tb use and instrumental in reducing the cost of production. The author is indebted to: Dr. O. W. Silvey, of the Physics Depf ment, and Professor E. R. Alexander, of the Department of Agricultu Education, of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas. Tha] are also due Miss Daisy Brogdon for her' assistance in preparing manuscript., H. P. SMITH AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE OF TEXAS, COLLEGE STATION, TE~. May, 1929. vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The illustrations used were secured from many sources but principally from photographs, proof prints, and illus,trations.from trade literature furnished by various manufacturers of farm machinery. The author wishes to express his appreciation to the following concerns: International Harvester Company of America; J. 1. Case Company; Oliver Farm Equip ment Company; Rock Island Plow Company; The Cardwell Machine Company; The Link-Belt Company; Rockwood Manufacturing Com pany; Flint-Walling Manufacturing Company, Union Iron Works; Light Draft Harr~w Company; Wiard Plow Company; Bucher & Gibbs Plow Company; American Scale Company; Potato Imple ment Company; Southern Plow Company; Aspinwall-Watson Com pany; Massey-Harris Company; Cyclone Seeder Company; S. L. Allen & Company; J. E. Porter Corporation; Hansman Manufactur ing Company; Vacuu:Ql Cotton Harvester Company; Flexible Steel Lacing Company; The Dayton Rubber Manufacturing Company; Delta Manufac.turing Company; The Ohio Valley Pulley Works; Rich 'ards-Wilcox Company; Alemite Corporation; Detroit Belt Lacer Com pany; Spadone Machine Company; The Gwilliam Company; Lincoln Engineering Company; Brance-Knochy Company, Inc.; The Fafnir BearIng Company; Raymond Mfg. Co.; Quick Repair Washer Company; TiIhken )toller Bearing Company; Hyatt Roller Bearing Company; Hardy-Newsom Company; Rust Cotton Picker Company; Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company; John E. Mitchell Company; Cotton Harvester Company of America; Reschke Machine Works Company; Benthall Machine Company; New Idea Spreader Company; Platt Bros. & Co., Ltd., Ol~ham, England; Continental Gin Company; The Murray Com pany; Gullett Gin Company; Duplex Mill Manufacturing Company; 1. B. Rowell Company; The Silver Manufacturing Company; Peoria Drill & Seeder Division, Farm Tools, Inc.; A. B. Farquhar Co., Ltd.; A. T. Ferrell & Company; Letz Manufacturing Company; Prater Pul verizer-Com:t1any; Owensboro Ditcher & Grader Co.; The Austin-Western Road Machinery Co.; Caterpillar Tractor Company; Firestone Rubber & Tire Company; Dixie Cultivator Company; P. P. Haring; Brown Tool & Machine Company; The Parsons Company; Cleland Manufacturing Co.; J. L. Owens Company; H. D. Hudson Manufacturing Company; Spraco, Incorporated; F. E. Meyers & Bros. Co.; The E. C. Brown Company; ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS John Bean Manufacturing Co.; Messinger Manufacturing Co.; Niagara Sprayer & Chemical Co., Inc.; Frank Rose Man,u facturing Co.; Hammer Blow Tool Co.; Springfield Wagon & Trailer Co.; The Meili-Blumberg Co., Inc.; Chevrolet Motor Company; Leach Bros. ·Mfg. Co.; S. Howes Company~ Inc.; G. A. Kelly Plow Company; Deere & Company.