Farm Biosecurity Manual for the Northern Adelaide Plains Vegetable Growers

53 Pages·2010·3.99 MB·English

Farm Biosecurity Manual
for the Northern Adelaide Plains
Vegetable Growers
Reducing the risk of new pests entering and having
an impact on the Northern Adelaide Plains region
Version 1.0
Plant Health Australia (PHA) is the Requests and enquiries concerning
lead national coordinating body for reproduction and rights should be
plant health in Australia. PHA works in addressed to the Communications
Manager at PHA.
partnership with industry, governments,
researchers and others, providing national
Phone: [phone]
coordination to improve biosecurity
Fax: [phone]
policy and practice across Australia’s E-mail: [email protected]
plant industries and to build capacity to Website: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au
respond to plant pest emergencies.
An electronic copy of this manual is
www.planthealthaustralia.com.au
available from the website listed above.
© Plant Health Australia 2010
This work is copyright except where Disclaimer: The material contained in this publication is
produced for general information only. It is not intended
attachments are provided by other
as professional advice on any particular matter. No
contributors and referenced, in which person should act or fail to act on the basis of any
case copyright belongs to the relevant material contained in this publication without first
obtaining specific, independent professional advice.
contributor as indicated throughout
Plant Health Australia and all persons acting for Plant
this document. Apart from any use as Health Australia in preparing this publication, expressly
permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, disclaim all and any liability to any persons in respect of
anything done by any such person in reliance, whether
no part may be reproduced by any
in whole or in part, on this publication. The views
process without prior permission from
expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of
Plant Health Australia. Plant Health Australia.
The development of this booklet was funded by Department of Agriculture, Fisheries
and Forestry, and through Horticulture Australia Limited, as part of the Engaging in
Biosecurity initiative to increase the horticulture sector’s capacity to reduce the impact
of exotic plant pests.
Table of contents
Six easy ways to protect your farm 2
Biosecurity overview 4
What is biosecurity? 4
Regional biosecurity 5
Pests 6
High priority exotic pests 6
Priority alert pests for the Northern Adelaide Plains 8
Priority endemic pests 9
Pest surveillance 10
Report suspect pests 11
Product management 14
Planting material and farm inputs 14
Waste products 14
Biosecurity and Quality Assurance 15
Hive biosecurity 16
People and biosecurity 18
Biosecurity signs 18
Managing people movement 18
Casual workers and tourists 19
Overseas travellers 19
Equipment and vehicles 21
Movement of vehicles and machinery 21
Wash-down facilities 22
Designated parking areas 22
Greenhouse facilities 23
Summary 25
Useful contacts 26
Visitor register 28
Pest surveillance data sheet 29
Fact sheets 30
Carrot rust fly 30
Exotic leaf miners 32
Bacterial ring rot 34
Colorado potato beetle 36
Queensland and Mediterranean fruit flies 38
Melon thrips 40
Potato spindle tuber viroid 42
Western flower thrips 44
Currant-lettuce aphid 46
Greenhouse whitefly 48
Six easy ways to
protect your farm
222 You have an important role to play in protecting your farm and the
entire vegetable industry from biosecurity threats.
Here are six simple things you can do to reduce the threat of new pests entering and
establishing on your farm. Don’t put your livelihood at risk by neglecting farm biosecurity.
1. Be aware of biosecurity threats
Make sure you, your farm workers and contractors are familiar with the most
important vegetable pest threats. Conduct a biosecurity induction session on your
farm to explain hygiene practices for workers, equipment and vehicles.
2. Use quality, pest-free propagation material from known sources
Ensure all propagation material (seed, transplants, tubers, corms, bulbs, rhizomes,
etc.) and farm inputs are fully tested and pest free. Keep records (batch numbers,
source) and retain a sample of your farm inputs.
3. Keep it clean
Practicing good sanitation and hygiene will help prevent the entry and movement
of pests onto your property. Workers, visitors, vehicles and equipment can spread
pests, so make sure they are decontaminated before they enter and leave your farm.
4. Check your crop
Monitor your crops frequently. Knowing the usual crop appearance will help you
recognise new or unusual pests or plant symptoms. Keep written and photographic
records of all unusual observations. Constant vigilance is vital for early detection of
any exotic plant pest.
5. Abide by the law
Support and be aware of laws and regulations established to protect the vegetable
industry and other horticultural industries in your region.
6. Report anything unusual
If you suspect a new pest – report it immediately.
If you see anything unusual, call the Exotic Plant Pest Hotline
E1XO8TI0C P0LA N0T P8ES4T H O8TL8IN1E
33
Biosecurity
overview
4 This manual is designed to assist you
The definition of a pest used in
in protecting your vegetable farm and
this manual covers all insects,
the vegetable industry from new and
mites, snails, nematodes,
invasive pests. By implementing the pathogens (diseases) and weeds
recommended measures in your that are injurious to plants or plant
day-to-day operations, you will enhance products. Exotic pests are those
not currently present in Australia.
your biosecurity and that of your region,
Endemic (or established) pests are
while minimising productivity losses and
those present within Australia.
unnecessary costs.
What is biosecurity? Farm biosecurity is a set of
management practices and activities
Biosecurity is a set of measures that can that are carried out on-farm to protect
be put in place at the national, regional a property from the entry and spread
or farm level to protect against the of pests. Farm biosecurity is essential
introduction and spread of new pests, for protecting livelihoods and it is the
and to effectively deal with them should responsibility of every person working or
they arrive. visiting the farm.
Australia is currently free from many of the The farm biosecurity measures in this
pests that are affecting plant production manual will protect properties from pests
overseas. Maintaining freedom from exotic to the region and minimise the
these pests through effective biosecurity impact of those already established.
measures is essential for the future Farm biosecurity should be supported
profitability of Australian horticulture. In throughout the region and the activities
addition, ‘area freedom’ from a number outlined here are applicable to all
of localised, endemic pests, is vital to the properties that you visit.
prosperity of the vegetable industries.
Hive biosecurity is also important to
some vegetable production regions.
Early detection and immediate
Be on the lookout for any unusual
reporting increases the chance of an
bee behaviour or the presence of new
effective eradication of a new pest.
bees, as these can negatively affect on
vegetable production in the long term.
More information is provided on page 16.
Regional biosecurity Within a region, every agricultural 55
business will be financially affected
Biosecurity implementation at the
in the event of an incursion and the
regional level supports the measures
response to it. The impact might be in
implemented on your property. Consider
lost production, restrictions on market
starting or contributing to meetings in
access, compliance costs, quarantined
your region, that coordinate and promote
produce or forced crop destruction.
regional biosecurity, and reduce threats
to all properties. Implementation of farm biosecurity
underpins regional biosecurity, which
At a regional level, potential biosecurity
in turn underpins national biosecurity.
threats may originate from neighbouring
Promotion of biosecurity at the
farms (operating or abandoned),
regional level is enhanced through
nurseries, other commercial plantings,
broad engagement of the community,
native vegetation or amenity plantings.
understanding the region, the source
Movement of vegetable products within
and nature of threats, and having
the region, such as when travelling to
knowledge of the expertise and
markets or swap meets, also increases
resources available to the region.
biosecurity risks.
This is supported by a commitment
from everyone to implement biosecurity
Reducing risks at the regional level can
measures, carry out surveillance and
be achieved through activities such
report suspect pests.
as raising awareness of key threats to
the area, identifying and documenting
If farm measures are supported by
the locations of vegetable production,
community-based measures, a regional
providing guidance on the appropriate
framework for biosecurity can be
protocols to follow when moving
coordinated, and is achievable.
produce within the region and engaging
the local council. Councils are not
only integral to facilitating biosecurity
planning, but they also have roles in the
management of some risk areas (such
as roadside weeds and plantings, water
courses and regional events).
Pests
6 High priority exotic pests
Exotic pests are not currently present in Australia. The pests listed here have the potential
to enter and become established in vegetable production regions. In addition, each of
these pests would have a high economic impact on vegetable production if they were to
become established. Implementation of biosecurity measures is required to minimise the
risk of this occurring.
For a complete list of exotic pests that could impact on the vegetable industry refer to Vegetable
Industry Biosecurity Plan, available from www.phau.com.au/biosecurity/vegetables.
Carrot rust fly
• Fly – Psila rosae
• Found in Europe, Canada, USA, New Zealand
• Attacks carrots, parsnips, celery and parsley
• Adult fly (6-8 mm in length) has a black body, reddish head,
yellow legs and transparent wings
• Damage caused by larvae, which are up to 1 cm in length and RI
H
have a white-yellow cylindrical body without a distinctive head ck
• Plant symptoms include irregular brown channels under the Wari
root surface, root deformation, leaf discolouration, reduction in ollier,
C
plant growth and occasionally plant death R.
O
• Larvae spread in soil and infested produce P
P
E
Exotic leafminers
• Flies – Liriomyza spp., including the American serpentine,
Tomato, Pea and Vegetable leafminers
d
• Found in most vegetable producing countries worldwide n
• Attack a wide range of vegetable crops ner, a
Car
• Leafminers are small flies whose larvae feed internally on plants R.g
d or
•• FMraeninegidneign f grso cpmaur nssc,t rtwauihrgeihcsth ct oca ansn eb rbepe es neetaeinsnei lay, sds eewephneit neod nsin plegea covknele sts ho eor nss ptleeemacvisee,ss Shepard, GeralOoi, Bugwood.
• Larvae can be spread in infested plant material Merle P.A.C
777
Bacterial ring rot
• Bacteria – Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus
• Found throughout Europe, Asia and North America
• Infects tomato, eggplant and potato n
e
•• LoPtisofr iswimnuetaeerr, r lyvev eaipsivnoibeatslale trs oeahg soti uowabn ytesher,e llsa ofyniwrmds t tp tsohty oebmmsreop twipso rnmao rgsdin roiesgfsc wswo iluhlotipenun grta hacteinuo dtsn, t dewoimsfh cvicoahlso cuwuriallalt iro n boratory, Harpendwn, Bugwood.org
•• SForopezrseeha lady ccwrueittah sm tineyfm emcsta eotdef r inipafllaenctte md aptelarniatls also exude a white ooze Central Science LaArchive, British Cro
Colorado potato beetle
• Beetle – Leptinotarsa decemlineata
• Found throughout Europe, Asia and Central and North America
•• AAdttuaclt kbse eegtlegsp l aanret, acbaopusitc 1u mcms, itno mlenagtothe sa anndd la prvoataet oar e bright ersity,
niv
red with a black head when young, changing to an orange e U
colour before pupation Stat
n
• Both adults and larvae feed on leaves and stems, leaving ga
hi
c
sticky black excrement Mi
•• ALedaufl tdse cfoanlia ftliyo nu pis t toh e1 6m0o ksmt o bbuvti ocuasn saylsmop btoem spread with plant d Cappaert, wood.org
material or on farm machinery DaviBug
Remain observant for anything unusual on your farm. If a pest is found that is
not normally present on your farm, it may be new not only to your farm, but to the
region, state or even Australia.
Priority alert pests for the Northern Adelaide Plains
Alert pests are those present in Australia, but have not yet become established on the
Northern Adelaide Plains (NAP). If any of these pests are detected in the region, they should be
8 reported immediately to ensure vegetable production in the area is not negatively affected by
their establishment.
Queensland fruit fly and Mediterranean fruit fly
••• QWMcFalyfaelpy gs–i ttig saeBo trfaantos c u( AMtfnrouodeuscd ntienridtar ea Eliir anartay sfnrrtoeeensranhin ( QA ffrruuuuisetit te arfanlnylsid;a la M vaneendgdd eff rlMtyua)iebt dflelyfsl;y Qmisfa lyfyo) ubannedd t hiCna et roaft iQtisfl y Qfly G. T. O’Loughlin, Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org
or Medfly
d
••• QMhAa8ra ffometlvyedue mrinf slldyad l wioy sistintahn in3gsegcp- p5et lug ibkmngreocsm,w t riu nelnor de tnbh- mgbea,r n aoflrdirgwukshi.tn ,teT swxbhotriieostmhn wm deyn ieann lwygleo cbiwtthroeo mmtsfhoisaoell or tmkwtwlseai endaydg nwb dbteiipn y isv gs issa ibbtholeau tt Department of Agriculture anmer Services, Bugwood.org
decomposition of the fruit Medfly Florida Consu
Melon thrips
• Thrips – Thrips palmi
g
• Attacks a wide range of vegetable species d.or
o
o
• Adults (about 1 mm in length) are pale yellow but with gw
u
numerous dark hairs on the body e, B
• Infested leaves become white or brown, then crinkle and die e-à-Pitr
• Leaves and terminal shoots become stunted nt
oi
P
• Fruit may also show scars and deformities A,
R
N
• Heavily infested fields can display a bronze colour ot, I
• Can act as a vector for viruses Guy
J.
Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd)
• Viroid – Potato spindle tuber viroid (Pospiviroid)
g
• Primary hosts are tomato, potato and avocado d.or
o
o
• PSTVd symptoms can be confused with other virus and viroid w
g
u
infections B
e,
• Mild strains show no or minor symptoms chiv
Ar
• Severe strains induce leaves to curl downwards and become ce
spindly with a rough surface and darker colour Servi
n
• Tubers become small, spindly and elongated, and may have ctio
e
growth cracks ot
Pr
• Spread can occur through seed, tubers or mechanical transmission Plant