Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant (Expert Consult - Online and Print) (2-Volume Set)

1923 Pages·2010·92.06 MB·English

by  Richard J. Martin MB FRACP

3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
FANAROFF AND MARTIN’S NEONATAL-PERINATAL MEDICINE ISBN: 978-0-323-06545-0
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Fanaroff and Martin’s neonatal-perinatal medicine : diseases of the
fetus and infant / [edited by] Richard J. Martin, Avroy A. Fanaroff,
Michele C. Walsh. — 9th ed.
p. ; cm.
Other title: Neonatal-perinatal medicine
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-323-06545-0
1. Newborn infants—Diseases. 2. Fetus—Diseases. I. Martin, Richard
J. II. Fanaroff, Avroy A. III. Walsh, Michele C. IV. Title:
Neonatal-perinatal medicine.
[DNLM: 1. Fetal Diseases. 2. Infant, Newborn, Diseases.
3. Perinatal Care. 4. Pregnancy Complications. WS 420 F1985 2010]
RJ254.N456 2010
618.92’01--dc22
2010009656
Acquisitions Editor: Judy Fletcher
Developmental Editor: Arlene Chappelle
Publishing Services Manager: Julie Eddy
Senior Project Manager: Celeste Clingan
Design Direction: Lou Forgione
Printed in United States
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To our spouses:
Patricia, Roslyn, and Larry
the Martin children and grandchild
Scott & Molly; Sonya, Peter, & Mateo,
the Fanaroff children and grandchildren
Jonathan & Kristy; Jodi, Peter, Austin, & Morgan;
and Amanda, Jason, & Jackson,
and the Walsh children
Sean and Ryan
with love, admiration, and deep appreciation
for their continued support and inspiration

Contributors
Jalal M. Abu-Shaweesh, MBBS Sundeep Arora, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve Attending Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Children’s
University; Attending Neonatologist, Rainbow Babies Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota; Minnesota
and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio Gastroenterology, St. Paul, Minnesota
Respiratory Disorders in Preterm and Term Infants Disorders of Digestion
Veronica H. Accornero, PhD Komal Bajaj, MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Reproductive Genetics Fellow, MonteFiore Medical Center,
Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Research
Infants of Substance-Abusing Mothers Associate, Human Genetics Laboratory at Jacobi Medical Center,
Bronx, New York
Heidelise Als, PhD Genetic Aspects of Perinatal Disease and Prenatal Diagnosis
Associate Professor of Psychiatry (Psychology), Harvard Medical
Jill E. Baley, MD
School; Director of Neurobehavioral Infant and Child Studies,
and Senior Associate in Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital; Research Professor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School
Associate in Newborn Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital; of Medicine; Medical Director, Neonatal Transitional Unit,
Consulting Staff in Pediatric Psychology, Spaulding Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s
Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
Neurobehavioral Development of the Preterm Infant Perinatal Viral Infections; Schedule for Immunization of Preterm
Infants
Brenna L. Anderson, MD, MSCR
Eduardo H. Bancalari, MD
Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of
Maternal Fetal Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown Professor of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miller School
University, Providence, Rhode Island; Medical Staff, Women & of Medicine; Director, Division of Neonatology, University of
Infant’s Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Consulting Physician, Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
South County Hospital, South Kingstown, Rhode Island; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Consulting Physician, Charlton Hospital, Fall River, Massachusetts
Perinatal Infections Emmalee S. Bandstra, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Jacob V. Aranda, MD, PhD, FRCP(C)
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Attending
Professor and Director, Neonatology, Neonatologist, Jackson Memorial Medical Center,
State University of New York Downstate Holtz Children’s Hospital, Miami, Florida
Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York Infants of Substance-Abusing Mothers
Developmental Pharmacology
Edward M. Barksdale, Jr., MD
James E. Arnold, MS, FAAP
Professor of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University;
The Julius W. McCall Professor and Chair, Chief, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Rainbow Babies
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
Case Western Reserve University; Selected Gastrointestinal Anomalies
Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology,
University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cynthia F. Bearer, MD, PhD
Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
Mary Gray Cobey Professor of Neonatology, University of
Upper Airway Lesions
Maryland School of Medicine; Chief, Division of Neonatology,
University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland
Occupational and Environmental Risks to the Fetus
vii
viii Contributors
Isaac Blickstein, MD Alan R. Cohen, MD, FACS, FAAP
Professor, Hadassah-Hebrew University School of Medicine, Reinberger Chair in Pediatric Neurological Surgery; Professor
Jerusalem, Israel; Senior Physician, Department of Obstetrics of Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve
and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel University School of Medicine; Surgeon-in-Chief and Chief of
Fetal Effects of Autoimmune Disease; Obstetric Management of Pediatric Neurological Surgery, Rainbow Babies and Children’s
Multiple Gestation and Birth; Post-term Pregnancy Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
Disorders in Head Shape and Size; Myelomeningocele
Jeffrey L. Blumer, MD, PhD
Daniel R. Cooperman, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Pharmacology,
Case School of Medicine; Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve
Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children’s University; Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Rainbow Babies
Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
Developmental Pharmacology Musculoskeletal Disorders; Bone and Joint Infections;
Congenital Abnormalities of the Upper and Lower Extremities
Samantha Butler, PhD and Spine
Instructor, Harvard Medical School; Staff Psychologist, Children’s
Timothy M. Crombleholme, MD
Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
Neurobehavioral Development of the Preterm Infant Richard G. and Geralyn Azizkhan Chair in Pediatric Surgery;
Professor of Surgery, Pediatrics (Molecular and Developmental
Kara Calkins, MD Biology), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati
College of Medicine; Director, Fetal Care Center of Cincinnati,
Clinical Instructor, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA,
Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery,
University of California; Attending Physician, Mattel Children’s
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
Hospital at UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, Division of
Surgical Treatment of the Fetus
Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, California
Developmental Origins of Adult Health and Disease
Mario De Curtis, MD
Michael S. Caplan, MD Professor of Neonatology, Dipartimento di Scienze Ginecologiche,
Perinatologia e Puericultura, University of Rome Faculty of
Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of Chicago,
Medicine; Director, Neonatology Unit, Patologia Neonatale e Terapia
Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois;
Intensiva Dipartimento di Scienze Ginecologiche, Perinatologia e
Chairman, Department of Pediatrics, North Shore
Puericultura, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
University Health System, Evanston, Illinois
Disorders of Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Metabolism
Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Clinical Observations,
Pathophysiology, and Prevention
Linda S. de Vries, MD, PhD
Waldemar A. Carlo, MD Professor in Neonatal Neurology, Department of Neonatology,
Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Edwin M. Dixon Professor of Pediatrics; Director, Division of
Intracranial Hemorrhage and Vascular Lesions;
Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy, Assessment Tools
Medicine; Director, Newborn Nurseries, University of Alabama
at Birmingham Medical Center, The Children’s Hospital of
Katherine MacRae Dell, MD
Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
Assessment of Pulmonary Function Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University;
Chief, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Rainbow Babies and
Gisela Chelimsky, MD Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
Fluid and Electrolyte Management; Acid-Base Management;
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Case School of Medicine;
The Kidney and Urinary Tract
Attending Physician, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital,
Cleveland, Ohio
Scott Denne, MD
Disorders of Digestion
Professor of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine,
Valerie Y. Chock, MD Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana
Parenteral Nutrition; Enteral Nutrition
Instructor of Neonatology, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, California
Sherin U. Devaskar, MD
Biomedical Engineering Aspects of Neonatal Monitoring
Professor of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA;
Walter J. Chwals, MD Director, Neonatal Research Center, Division of Neonatology and
Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen
Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics, Tufts University School of
School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
Developmental Origins of Adult Health and Disease; Disorders
Development and Basic Physiology of the Neonatal
of Carbohydrate Metabolism
Gastrointestinal Tract; Selected Gastrointestinal Anomalies
Contributors ix
Juliann Di Fiore, BSEE Smadar Friedman, MD
Research Engineer, Department of Medicine, Case Western Senior Lecturer, Hadassah University Hospital, Hadassah
Reserve University, Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies School of Medicine; Director, Neonatology Unit, Department of
and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio Neonatology, Hadassah Ein Kerem Hospital, University Hospital,
Assessment of Pulmonary Function Jerusalem, Israel
Fetal Effects of Autoimmune Disease
Steven M. Donn, MD
Susan E. Gerber, MD, MPH
Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine;
Faculty Associate, Center for Global Health, School of Public Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Health, University of Michigan Health System; Staff Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Northwestern University,
Neonato logist, C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan Feinberg School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Department
Assisted Ventilation and Its Complications of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal
Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
Morven S. Edwards, MD Antepartum Fetal Surveillance; Evaluation of the Intrapartum Fetus
Professor of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine; Attending
Jay P. Goldsmith, MD
Physician, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
Postnatal Bacterial Infections; Fungal and Protozoal Infections Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of
Medicine, New Orleans, Lousiana; Neonatologist, Women’s
William H. Edwards, MD and Children’s Hospital, Lafayette, Louisiana
Delivery Room Resuscitation of the Newborn, Overview
Professor of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover,
and Initial Management; Chest Compression,
New Hampshire; Vice Chairman, Department of Pediatrics,
Medications, and Special Problems
Neonatology Section Chief; Medical Director, Citad Nurseries,
Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
Bernard Gonik, MD
Care of the Mother, Father, and Infant,
Professor and Fann Srere Chair of Perinatal Medicine, Department
Francine Erenberg, MD of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of
Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
Assistant Professor, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine
Perinatal Infections
of Case Western Reserve University; Staff, Pediatric Cardiologist,
Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric
Jeffrey B. Gould, MD
Cardiology, Cleveland, Ohio
Fetal Cardiac Physiology and Fetal Cardiovascular Assessment; Robert L. Hess Professor in Pediatrics and Director, Perinatal
Congenital Defects Epidemiology and Health Outcomes Research Unit, Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine,
Avroy A. Fanaroff, MB, BCh, FRCP[E], FRCPCN Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Attending
Neonatologist, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford,
Professor, Pediatrics and Reproductive Biology, Case Western
Palo Alto, California
Reserve University School of Medicine; Eliza Henry Barnes
Evaluating and Improving the Quality and Safety of Neonatal
Chair in Neonatology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s
Intensive Care
Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
Epidemiology; Perinatal Services; Obstetric Management of
Pierre Gressens, MD, PhD
Prematurity
Chief, Inserm-Paris 7 University, Hopital Robert Debré, Paris,
Jonathan M. Fanaroff, MD, JD France; Professor of Perinatal Neurology, Imperial College
London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve
Normal and Abnormal Brain Development; White Matter
University School of Medicine; Associate Medical Director, NICU;
Damage and Encephalopathy of Prematurity
Director, Rainbow Center for Pediatric Ethics, Rainbow Babies
and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
Susan J. Gross, MD
Legal Issues in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine
Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s
Ross Fasano, MD Health and Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine; Chairperson, Department of Obstetrics and
Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Fellow, Children’s National
Gynecology, North Bronx Healthcare Network, Bronx, New York
Medical Center, Washington, DC
Genetic Aspects of Perinatal Disease and Prenatal Diagnosis
Blood Component Therapy for the Neonate
Andrée M. Gruslin, MD, FRCS
Orna Flidel-Rimon, MD
Associate Professor, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine,
Lecturer in Pediatrics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem; Attending
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Newborn Care,
Physician, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa,
Post-term Pregnancy
Ontario, Canada
Erythroblastosis Fetalis