Family, Self, and Human Development Across Cultures: Theory and Applications

505 Pages·2017·2.88 MB·English

by  Çiğdem Kağıtçıbaşı

FAMILY, SELF, AND HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT ACROSS
CULTURES
Çig˘dem Kag˘ıtçıba¸sı’s infl uential volume was a work of masterful scholarship and
fi eld-defi ning thought that challenged the existing assumptions in mainstream
western psychology about the nature of individuals. During the past two decades
since its publication, cultural and cross-cultural research and theory on the self,
family, and human development have expanded greatly, developing fruitfully from
the basic issues and paradigms Kag˘ıtçıba¸sı explored. This Classic Edition provides
a critical assessment, consideration, and refl ection of the recent scholarship in this
fi eld. It brings this essential work up to date and appraises it in the light of current
prevailing perspectives.
Çig˘dem Kag˘ıtçıbas¸ı is Professor in the Department of Psychology at Koç
University.
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Family, Self, and Human Development Across Cultures: Theory
and Applications (Classic Edition)
By Çig˘dem Kag˘ıtçıba¸sı
FAMILY, SELF, AND
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
ACROSS CULTURES
Theory and Applications
Classic Edition
Çig˘dem Kag˘ıtçıbas¸ı
Classic Edition published 2017
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
and by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2017 Taylor & Francis
The right of Çig˘dem Kag˘ıtçıba¸sı to be identifi ed as the author of this
work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections
77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation without
intent to infringe.
Second Edition published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 2007
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN: 978-1-138-22879-5 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-22880-1 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-20528-1 (ebk)
Typeset in Bembo
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
To the Memory of Og˘uz
. . . and for the well-being of children everywhere.
Contents
Introduction to the Classic Edition xiii
Preface to the Second Edition xxiii
Foreword xxvii
Preface to the First Edition xxxiii
A Personal Account xxxiii
Interpersonal Relations xxxiii
Social Relevance xxxvii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION 1
About This Volume 1
Linking Self, Family, and Society 2
Linking Theory and Application 4
A Cultural and Cross-Cultural Perspective 5
The Culture Concept 5
Reconciling Assumed Opposites 8
The Growth of a Cross-Cultural Perspective 10
Benefits of the Cross-Cultural Perspective 17
Organization of the Book 19
Summary and Main Points 23
PART I: HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, FAMILY, AND CULTURE 25
CHAPTER 2
DEVELOPMENT IN CONTEXT 27
Context as Meaning 27
Parental Warmth and Control as a Case in Point 28
Theoretical Perspectives on Context 31
vii
viii CONTENTS
Theoretical Advancement
and Problem-Oriented Research 33
Contextual Theories in Cross-Cultural
Developmental Psychology 35
The Value of a Contextual Functional Perspective 38
Features of Context 40
Societal Values Regarding Children 41
Global Social Change 43
Parental Goals, Beliefs, and Values 45
Social Class as Context 48
Effects of Growing Up in Poverty 50
Models Relating Development to Context 52
Summary and Main Points 56
CHAPTER 3
SOCIALIZATION FOR COMPETENCE 59
Socialization 59
Everyday “Teaching and Learning” 61
Theoretical Conceptions of Cognitive Competence 64
The Cross-Cultural Background 65
Issues in Everyday Cognition 67
Cultural Conceptions of Cognitive Competence 69
A Social Definition of Competence 70
Changes in Lifestyles 73
Disadvantage for Cognitive Competence 74
Common Patterns and Mismatches 82
Adaptive Changes in Global Outlooks: Toward Convergence 85
Summary and Main Points 88
CHAPTER 4
CULTURE, SELF, AND INDIVIDUALISM–COLLECTIVISM 91
Culturally Varying Concept of Self 92
How Is Self Understood? Insights From
the Last Few Decades 92
Historical Trends in the Study of Self 96
Soul-Searching in American Psychology 97
Cultural and Cross-Cultural Studies 99
Individualism–Collectivism (I–C) 102
A Refinement: Normative and Relational I–C 104
CONTENTS ix
Related Self–Separate Self 108
Independence–Interdependence 110
Correlates of I–C or Related–Separate Self in
Psychological Functioning 112
Moral Thinking and Social Justice 113
Self-Enhancement 115
Cognitions and Emotions 117
Control 120
Achievement 121
Summary and Main Points 123
CHAPTER 5
VALUE OF CHILDREN AND THE FAMILY 125
Modernization Theory on the Family 126
Challenges to Modernization Assumptions 128
Value of Children Study I (1970s) 129
Values Attributed to Children 130
A Theory of Family Change 133
The General Theoretical Framework 133
Model of Interdependence 136
Model of Independence 139
What Kind of Family Change? 141
Model of Psychological or Emotional Interdependence 144
Value of Children Study II (2000s) 147
Further Support for the Family Change Theory
and Model of Psychological/Emotional
Interdependence 152
A Different Convergence? 156
Summary and Main Points 161
CHAPTER 6
PARENTING AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
AUTONOMOUS–RELATED SELF 165
Need for a Developmental Conceptualization 165
Key Questions 167
Parenting 168
Infancy and Attachment 169
Parenting the Child 173
The Adolescent–Parent Relation 176