Family Lineage Organization and Social Change in Ming and Qing Fujian

387 Pages·2001·1.351 MB·English

by  Zheng Zhenman, Michael Szonyi

Family Lineage
Organization and
Social Change in
Ming and Qing Fujian

Family Lineage
Organization and
Social Change in
Ming and Qing Fujian
ZHENG ZHENMAN
Translated by Michael Szonyi
with the Assistance of Kenneth Dean and David Wakefield
University of Hawai‘i Press
Honolulu
Originally published in Chinese by the Hunan Educational Press in 1992
English translation © 2001 University of Hawai‘i Press
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
01 02 03 04 05 06 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cheng, Chen-man.
[Ming Ch’ing Fu-chien chia tsu tsu chih yu she hui pien ch’ien. English]
Family lineage organization and social change in Ming and Qing Fujian / Zheng
Zhenman ; translated by Michael Szonyi, with the assistance of Kenneth Dean
and David Wakefield.
p. cm.
ISBN 0–8248–2333–8 (alk. paper)
1. Family—China—Fujian Sheng. 2. Fujian Sheng (China)—Social conditions.
I. Title.
HQ684.Z9 F843 2001
306.85'0951'245—dc21 00–061604
University of Hawai‘i Press books are printed on acid-free
paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of
the Council on Library Resources.
Designed by Kenneth Miyamoto
Printed by The Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group
Contents
List of Illustrations vii
Ming and Qing Reign Periods ix
Terms for Measures and Money xi
Translator’s Preface 1
1. Introduction 21
2. Family Structure and the Household Development Cycle 31
3. A Basic Typology of Lineage Organization 71
4. The Development Process of Lineage Organization 143
5. Family Lineage Organization and Social Change 268
6. Conclusion 325
Notes 329
List of Characters 353
Bibliography 357
Index 367
v

Illustrations
Maps
1 Fujian Province in the Qing Dynasty 18
2 Taiwan in 1885 20
Figures
1.1 Basic Typology of Family Lineage Organization 26
1.2 Relationship between Different Family Lineage Forms 27
1.3 Family Lineage Development Process 28
1.4 Model of Family Lineage Organization Forms and
Development 29
2.1 Potential Development Cycles of Different Household
Structures 48
3.1 Organizational Structure of the Su of Pucheng 77
3.2 Inheritance and Control-Subordination Lineage
Organizations of the Wang of Beixiang 98
3.3 Organizational Structure of the Zou of Longzu 125
3.4 Organizational Structure of the Li of Liancheng 138
4.1 Organizational Structure of the Zu of Tunshan 163
4.2 Genealogical Chart of the Ge of Huangxi 173
4.3 Genealogical Chart of the Zhu of Qianjiang 225
4.4 Estates and Organizations of the Xiao of Shetou
and Tianzhou 249
Tables
1.1 Equivalency Chart of Household Structure Terminology 5
2.1 Maximum Expansion of Sixty Households in
Qing Taiwan 58
vii
viii Illustrations
2.2 Household Structure in Qing Taiwan 69
3.1 Tablets Entered into the Ancestral Halls of the Li of
Wenchuan 140
4.1 Distribution of Households by Surname in Chong’an
County 145
4.2 Structure of the Liao Residentially Dispersed Lineage
in Shanghang and Yongding Counties 183
4.3 Village Surname Structure in Houguan County 188
4.4 Founding Ancestors of the Major Surnames of
Min County 189
4.5 Coastal Evacuation of Fujian in the Early Qing 214
4.6 Tablets in the Great Descent-line Hall of the Huang of
Xianxi 239
4.7 Surname Distribution and Native Places of the Taiwanese
Population 244
4.8 Share Ownership in the Hall of Fragrant Ancestry of
the Xiao of Shetou and Tianzhong 251
5.1 Corporate Property in Fujian at the Time of Land Reform 309
Ming and Qing Reign Periods
Ming Qing
Hongwu 1368–1398 Shunzhi 1644–1661
Jianwen 1399–1402 Kangxi 1662–1722
Yongle 1403–1424 Yongzheng 1723–1734
Hongxi 1425 Qianlong 1735–1795
Xuande 1426–1435 Jiaqing 1796–1820
Zhengtong 1436–1449 Daoguang 1821–1850
Jingtai 1450–1456 Xianfeng 1851–1861
Tianshun 1457–1464 Tongzhi 1862–1874
Chenghua 1465–1487 Guangxu 1875–1907
Hongzhi 1488–1505 Xuantong 1908–1911
Zhengde 1506–1521
Jiajing 1522–1566
Longqing 1567–1572
Wanli 1573–1619
Taichang 1620
Tianqi 1621–1627
Chongzhen 1628–1644
ix