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Family Health Care Nursing: Theory, Practice, and Research, 4th Edition PDF

594 Pages·2009·5.403 MB·English
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2166_FM_i-xxviii.qxd 10/30/09 5:57 PM Page i FAMILY HEALTH CARE NURSING Theory, Practice and Research 4th Edition 2166_FM_i-xxviii.qxd 10/30/09 5:57 PM Page ii 2166_FM_i-xxviii.qxd 10/30/09 5:57 PM Page iii FAMILY HEALTH CARE NURSING Theory, Practice and Research 4th Edition Joanna Rowe Kaakinen, PhD, RN Deborah Padgett Coehlo, PhD, RN, Professor, School of Nursing PNP University of Portland Assistant Professor, Family Studies Portland, Oregon Oregon State University Bend, Oregon Vivian Gedaly-Duff, DNSc, RN Associate Professor, School of Nursing Shirley May Harmon Hanson, PMHNP, Oregon Health & Science University PhD, RN, FAAN, CFLE, LMFT Portland, Oregon Professor Emerita, School of Nursing Oregon Health & Science University Portland, Oregon 2166_FM_i-xxviii.qxd 10/30/09 5:57 PM Page iv F. A. Davis Company 1915 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 www.fadavis.com Copyright © 2010 by F. A. Davis Company Copyright © 2010 by F. A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other- wise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Publisher, Nursing: Joanne Patzek DaCunha, RN, MSN Director of Content Development: Darlene D. Pedersen Senior Project Editor: Padraic J. Maroney Design and Illustrations Manager: Carolyn O’Brien As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. The author(s) and publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dose and contraindications before administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Family health care nursing : theory, practice, and research / [edited by] Joanna Rowe Kaakinen . . . [et at.]. — 4th ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 978-0-8036-2166-4 1.Family nursing. 2. Families—Health and hygiene. I. Kaakinen, Joanna Rowe, 1951- [DNLM: 1. Family Nursing. 2. Family. WY 159.5 F1985 2010] RT120. F34F35 2010 610.73—dc22 2009043352 Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by F. A. Davis Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.25 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photo- copy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: 8036-1169-2/04 0 + $.25. 2166_FM_i-xxviii.qxd 10/30/09 5:57 PM Page v D E D I C A T I O N S I am blessed with loving, supportive, and compas- This is a special dedication to my family, who sionate family. Without my family, I would not be has inspired my life long journey to learn about who I am today. My family gave me time to write, and help families grow together across the life brought in take-out dinners, shared my home office span. My brother taught me to fight for what I be- (quietly most of the time), and always asked about lieve in. My sisters taught me to cherish female “the book.” I love my family and want to dedicate friendships. My dad taught me to care for all, even this book to my husband John, my son Thomas, my the downtrodden. My mom taught me to use my sister Vicki, my brother-in-law Peter, my nephew brain with my heart, always. My husband taught Scott and his wife Subin, and Christopher—my me to love in the midst of all other emotions. And, nephew who dedicated his short life to his children. my daughters—well, they taught me the most Your love helps me be all that is possible. Blessings about loving and living and dedicating my work to and Namaste. their lives. Yes, family brings joy and pain, and it Joanna Rowe Kaakinen just does not get any better. Deborah Padgett Coehlo This is a special dedication to my parents, Hazel and Al Gedaly, and my husband, Robert W. Duff. To dedicate a book is one way to acknowledge By the time I was twenty years old, my family had and pay tribute to those who played a significant lived in California, New York, Kentucky, Austria, role in one’s personal and professional life. I am Washington, Morocco, New Mexico, Spain, Germany, grateful to my family of origin including my de- and England. Travel meant seeing in new ways. ceased parents who gave me three loving and sup- My parents’ “being there” and sense of “adven- portive sisters. My sisters continue to validate me as ture” provided stability and ignited my curiosity to a person and professional. Thank you—Marjorie, learn. Whenever I lament, “I haven’t gone any- Peggy, and Kathleen. In my family of procreation, I where,” my husband laughs out loud, reminding was blessed with two children, Derek and Gwen, me in his teasing, that I just returned from a confer- who grew up to be more than I deserved and who ence 3000 miles away that included a Broadway presented me with three beautiful grandsons to love theater show. In the tapestry of family life, families and cherish. I am also indebted to the children, cou- experience big things like travel that are the pic- ples, and families for whom I served as nurse prac- tures. The laughter, the sharing of worries and titioner and marriage/child/family therapist over hopes with family and friends are the threads that many years. They all taught me the various mean- weave the pictures together. My parents, my hus- ings and ways of what is takes to be a “family.” Fi- band, my family are my threads, knotted together nally, I dedicate this book to the many hundreds of into a colorful textured fabric. Upon the mind’s eye, nursing and child/family therapy students I was the colors shift, some images come into focus while privileged to mentor over 49 years of professional others recede as the eye and heart move to different life. These students now stand on my shoulders in moments in family life. My thread, added to the service to families across the globe and serve as others, strengthens the tapestry cloth, and as I fol- mentors to the next generation of clinicians and low my thread woven to the others, I have a “sense teachers of family nursing and family therapy. May of place in the world.” their journey be as blessed as mine! Vivian Gedaly-Duff Shirley May Harmon Hanson v 2166_FM_i-xxviii.qxd 10/30/09 5:57 PM Page vi 2166_FM_i-xxviii.qxd 10/30/09 5:57 PM Page vii F O R E W O R D I am especially honored to write the foreword for feature of the third edition, was developed by this fourth edition of Family Health Care Nursing: Dr. Deborah Coehlo from Oregon State University Theory, Practice and Research. It seems odd to write (OSU). The result of collaboration with additional the foreword for your own book, but as I near the nursing scholars elevated the integrity of the text- end of my long nursing and academic career, it is a book. For this fourth edition, our professional col- treasured time and opportunity to share my vision laboration has resulted in yet another cutting edge and commitment with my co-editors, the contribu- family nursing textbook. Our working team re- tors of this edition, and future nurses. mained the same, but our roles for this edition Merriam-Webster defines compendious to mean shifted as I retired from active teaching and began to “concise and comprehensive.” Family Health Care bring closure to my professional practice. Dr. Joanna Nursing: Theory, Practice and Research (editions Rowe Kaakinen (UP) is the lead editor for this fourth 1-4) is an ever changing compendious textbook edition (Kaakinen, Gedaly-Duff, Coehlo, & Hanson, originally developed to reflect the state of the art 2009), with the editorial team of Dr. Vivian Gedaly- and science of family nursing. This all-inclusive, far- Duff (OHSU), Dr. Deborah Padgett Coehlo (OSU), reaching approach has continued throughout the and myself, Professor Emerita (retired from OHSU). history of this textbook. As the original title im- In addition, the Instructors’ Manual was written by plied, the book represents an integration of theory, Dr. Deborah Coehlo with contributions by Diane practice, and research pertaining to family nursing. Bauer, MS, RN, from Oregon Health & Science Uni- With today’s vernacular, we could easily rename this versity and Kari Firestone, MSN, RN, from the Uni- textbook “Theory-Guided Evidence-Based Nursing versity of Portland. Practice With Families.” The first three editions were recognized as excel- This is the fourth edition of this distinctive text- lent family nursing texts. These editions received book, all of which were published by F. A. Davis awards, including the American Journal of Nursing Company. This book originated when I was teaching Book of the Year Award and the Nursing Outlook family nursing at Oregon Health and Science Univer- Brandon Selected Nursing Books Award.Every new sity (OHSU) School of Nursing in Portland, Oregon. edition has been well received around the world, At that time, no comprehensive or authoritative text- and every edition has brought forth new converts to book on the nursing care of families was available family nursing. The previous editions of the text that matched our program of study. This was the have been translated into Japanese and Portuguese. impetus I needed to write and edit the first edition More recently, the book was published in India, of Family Health Care Nursing: Theory, Practice Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Bhutan, and Nepal. and Research. The first edition met a need of I anticipate even more international interest in this nursing educators in many other schools around the fourth edition as the message of family nursing world. F. A. Davis asked me to revise and update spreads across the world. the second edition, which was published in 2001 Contributors to this edition were selected from (Hanson, 2001). For the third edition (Hanson, among distinguished practitioners, researchers, theo- Gedaly-Duff, & Kaakinen, 2005), I invited two rists, scholars, and teachers from nursing, as well as trustworthy colleagues to help write and edit the family social scientists across the United States, book: Dr. Vivian Gedaly-Duff from OHSU and Canada, and England. Like many textbooks, some of Dr. Joanna Rowe Kaakinen from the University of the contributors have changed over time for a variety Portland (UP). The Instructors’ Manual, a new of reasons. As family nursing evolved over time, vii 2166_FM_i-xxviii.qxd 10/30/09 5:57 PM Page viii viii Foreword more authors were added to the writing team. For even though this paradigm of nursing practice was example, the third edition had 28 contributors, and only recently called family nursing. The codified the fourth edition has 37 contributors. In total there version of family nursing really emerged and peaked are 26 new contributors in this fourth edition. This during the 1980s and 1990s in the United States and textbook is a massive undertaking that involved Canada, where the movement was headquartered. many committed nurses and family scholars. The Even though this initial impetus for family nursing four book editors are grateful for this national and came from North America, the concept spread international dedication to family nursing. Together, quickly worldwide. Asian countries, in particular, we continue to increase nursing knowledge pertain- embraced these ideas and translated the English- ing to the nursing care of families. language North American textbooks to their own This fourth edition builds on the previous edi- languages. In actuality, many Asian and other world- tions. The primary shift in the direction of the book wide countries already practiced family nursing, but for this edition is to make family nursing practice they had not yet formally taught family nursing in more meaningful and realistic for nursing students. their educational institutions. Nursing schools in The first unit of the fourth edition of this family other countries incorporated family nursing into their nursing textbook sets the critical foundational own educational curriculums. Now, family nursing knowledge pertaining to families and the nursing of textbooks and journals are being published in multi- families. The second unit concentrates on theory- ple languages as other countries conduct their own guided, evidence-based practice of the nursing care family nursing research and tailor family nursing to of families across the life span and in a variety of their unique countries and populations. Some other specialties. Important new chapters have been added English-speaking countries continue to modify the to this edition: Culturally Sensitive Nursing Care of North American versions of textbooks for their nurs- Families, Canadian Context of Family Nursing, ing programs. Today, it could be said that family Families in Palliative and End-of-Life Care, Nursing nursing is without borders, and that no one country Care of Families in Disaster and War, and Advanc- owns family nursing! ing Family Nursing. The chapters that were retained My final point about the historical development from the third edition have been rewritten to em- of modern family nursing is about the establishment phasize more fully the latest practice of family nurs- of an international family nursing association. Inter- ing. New features of this edition include: nationally, family nursing theory, practice, and re- search has been heavily influenced by the startup ■ A strong emphasis on evidence-based practice of a series of nationwide workshops in the United in each chapter States. This was then followed by international fam- ■ Five selected family nursing theories inter- ily nursing conferences consequently held in Canada, woven throughout the book United States, Chile, Thailand, and Iceland. The next ■ Family case studies that demonstrate the prac- International Family Nursing Conference will be tice of family nursing held in Japan in 2011. As a result of these interna- ■ Content that addresses families and nursing in tional conferences, a group of family nurses from both Canada and the United States several countries has been charged with developing Family nursing as an art and science has trans- bylaws for a new, more structured format by creat- formed in response to paradigm shifts in the profes- ing an international family nursing organization that sion and in society over time. As a nursing student in will ensure continuity of family nursing over time. one of the earliest baccalaureate programs in the This new professional body will presumably assume United States during the 1950s, the focus of care was the leadership for keeping family nursing at the fore- on individuals and was centered in hospitals. As time front of theory development, practice, research, edu- passed and the profession matured, nursing educa- cation, and social policy. tion and practice expanded and shifted to more Family nursing has become more than just a family-centered care and community-based nursing. “buzzword,” it is a reality. Family nursing is prac- My first master’s degree was from the University of ticed internationally in many educational institu- Washington in Community Health Nursing/Public tions, many health care settings, and by many Health. Ever since, I have felt like a “family nurse” nurses. Most everyone in the nursing profession 2166_FM_i-xxviii.qxd 10/30/09 5:57 PM Page ix Foreword ix agrees that a profound, reciprocal relationship ex- is written for nurses by nurses who practice and ists among families, health, and nursing. study the nursing of families. Students will learn This book and this current edition recognize that how to tailor their assessment and interventions nursing as a profession has a close alignment with with families in health and illness, in physical and families because nurses share many of the responsi- mental health, across the life span, and in the bilities that families have for the care and protection settings in which nurses and families interface. I of their family members. Nurses have an obligation firmly believe that this fourth edition of this text- to help families promote and advance the care and book is at the cutting edge of this practice challenge growth of both individual family members and for the next decade, and will help to marshal the families as a unit. This textbook provides nursing nursing profession toward providing better nursing students the knowledge base and the processes care of families here in North America and in other to become effective in their nursing care with fami- countries across the world. lies. In addition, families can benefit when already Shirley May Harmon Hanson, PMHNP, PhD, RN, registered nurses use this knowledge to reorganize FAAN, CFLE, LMFT their nursing practice to be more family centered Professor Emerita, Oregon Health and Science and to develop working partnerships with families University School of Nursing to strengthen family systems. Family Health Care Nursing: Theory, Practice and Research,4th edition,

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