False Dawn: Protest, Democracy, and Violence in the New Middle East PDF
Preview False Dawn: Protest, Democracy, and Violence in the New Middle East
i FALSE DAWN Q ii ii iiiii FALSE DAWN Q PROTEST, DEMOCRACY, AND VIOLENCE IN THE NEW MIDDLE EAST STEVEN A. COOK A Council on Foreign Relations Book 1 iivv 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Steven A. Cook 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. CIP data is on file at the Library of Congress ISBN 978– 0– 19– 061141– 5 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed by Edwards Brothers Malloy, United States of America v The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an independent, nonpar- tisan membership organization, think tank, and publisher dedicated to being a resource for its members, government officials, business ex- ecutives, journalists, educators and students, civic and religious lead- ers, and other interested citizens to help them better understand the world and the foreign policy choices facing the United States and other countries. Founded in 1921, CFR carries out its mission by maintaining a diverse membership, with special programs to promote interest and develop expertise in the next generation of foreign policy leaders; con- vening meetings at its headquarters in New York and in Washington, DC, and other cities where senior government officials, members of Congress, global leaders, and prominent thinkers come together with CFR members to discuss and debate major international issues; sup- porting a Studies Program that fosters independent research, enabling CFR scholars to produce articles, reports, and books and hold round- tables that analyze foreign policy issues and make concrete policy rec- ommendations; publishing Foreign Affairs, the preeminent journal on international affairs and US foreign policy; sponsoring Independent Task Forces that produce reports with both findings and policy pre- scriptions on the most important foreign policy topics; and providing up- to- date information and analysis about world events and American foreign policy on its website, www.cfr.org. The Council on Foreign Relations takes no institutional positions on policy issues and has no affiliation with the US government. All views expressed in its publications and on its website are the sole responsibil- ity of the author or authors. vi viivii For Lauren, my everything viii Egypt is confronting difficult times… . The situation ends for Egypt in circumstances in which the youth w ho called for change and reform will be the first to suffer. Hosni Mubarak February 10, 2011 ix q CONTENTS Acknowledgments xi Cast of Characters xiii Timeline of Major Events xxi Maps xxxv Prologue: “We Are Now Free” xxxix Introduction: Springtime 1 1. Freedom’s Ride 13 2. Bread! Freedom! Social Justice! 53 3. Unraveling 99 4. What Went Wrong? 143 5. “Getting the Middle East Right” 201 6. Freedom Interrupted 236 Notes 249 Bibliography 269 Index 305 ix
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