Fair Trials: The European Criminal Procedural Tradition and the European Court of Human Rights (Criminal Law Library)

209 Pages·2007·1.18 MB·English

by  Sarah J. Summers

JOBNAME:Summers−−FairTria PAGE:1 SESS:31 OUTPUT:WedJul1809:13:572007
FAIR TRIALS
The right to a fair trial has become an issue of increasing public concern,
followingaseriesofhighprofilecasessuchastheBulgercase,Khan(Sultan)and
RvDPPexpKebilene.Indeterminingthescopeoftheright,wenowincreasingly
looktotheECHR,butthecourthasgivenlittleguidance,focusingonreconciling
procedural rules rather than addressing the broader issues.This book addresses
the issue of the meaning of the right by examining the contemporary jurispru-
dence in the light of a body of historical literature which discusses criminal
procedure in a European context. It argues that there is in fact a European
criminalproceduraltraditionwhichhasbeenneglectedincontemporarydiscus-
sions,andthatanunderstandingofthistraditionmightilluminatethediscussion
of fairtrialinthecontemporaryjurisprudence.
Thischallengingnewworkelucidatesthemeaningof thefairtrial,andindoing
sochallengestheconventionalapproachtotheanalysisof criminalprocedureas
based on the distinction between adversarial and inquisitorial procedural sys-
tems. The book is divided into two parts. The first part is dominated by an
examinationof thefairtrialprinciplesintheworksof severalnotableEuropean
juristsofthenineteenthcentury,arguingthattheirwritingswereinstrumentalin
thedevelopmentoftheprinciplesunderlyingthemodernconceptionofcriminal
proceedings.Thesecondpartlooksatthefairtrialsjurisprudenceof theECHR,
anditissuggestedthatalthoughtheCourthasneglectedtheEuropeantradition,
the jurisprudence has nevertheless been influenced,albeit unconsciously,by the
institutionalprinciplesdevelopedinthenineteenthcentury.
Volume4intheCriminalLawLibraryseries
ColumnsDesignLtd / Job:Fair_Trials / Division:Summers_Prelims /Pg.Position:1/ Date:18/7
JOBNAME:Summers−−FairTria PAGE:2 SESS:30 OUTPUT:WedJul1809:13:572007
CriminalLawLibrary
Volume1:Self-DefenceinCriminalLaw
BoazSangero
Volume2:EvidenceofBadCharacter
JohnSpencer
ColumnsDesignLtd / Job:Fair_Trials / Division:Summers_Prelims /Pg.Position:2/ Date:17/7
JOBNAME:Summers−−FairTria PAGE:3 SESS:30 OUTPUT:WedJul1809:13:572007
Fair Trials
The European Criminal Procedural Tradition and
the European Court of Human Rights
SARAH J SUMMERS
ColumnsDesignLtd / Job:Fair_Trials / Division:Summers_Prelims /Pg.Position:1/ Date:17/7
JOBNAME:Summers−−FairTria PAGE:4 SESS:31 OUTPUT:WedJul1809:13:572007
PublishedinNorthAmerica(USandCanada)by
HartPublishing
c/oInternationalSpecializedBookServices
920NE58thAvenue,Suite300
Portland,OR97213-3786
USA
Tel:[phone]ortoll-free:(1)8009446190
Fax:[phone]
E-mail:[email protected]
Website:www.isbs.com
©SarahJSummers2007
SarahJSummershasassertedherrightundertheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct
1988,tobeidentifiedastheauthorofthiswork.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrieval
system,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorpermissionof
HartPublishing,orasexpresslypermittedbylaworunderthetermsagreedwiththe
appropriatereprographicrightsorganisation.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionwhich
maynotbecoveredbytheaboveshouldbeaddressedtoHartPublishingattheaddress
below.
HartPublishing,16CWorcesterPlace,OX12JW
Telephone:[phone]Fax:[phone]
E-mail:[email protected]
Website:http://www.hartpub.co.uk
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
DataAvailable
ISBN978-1-84113-730-8(hardback)
TypesetbyColumnsDesignLtd,Caversham
PrintedandboundinGreatBritainby
TJInternationalLtd,Padstow,Cornwall
ColumnsDesignLtd / Job:Fair_Trials / Division:Summers_Prelims /Pg.Position:2/ Date:18/7
JOBNAME:Summers−−FairTria PAGE:5 SESS:30 OUTPUT:WedJul1809:13:572007
For my family
and for Sari and his family
ColumnsDesignLtd / Job:Fair_Trials / Division:Summers_Prelims /Pg.Position:3/ Date:17/7
JOBNAME:Summers−−FairTria PAGE:6 SESS:30 OUTPUT:WedJul1809:13:572007
ColumnsDesignLtd / Job:Fair_Trials / Division:Summers_Prelims /Pg.Position:4/ Date:17/7
JOBNAME:Summers−−FairTria PAGE:7 SESS:31 OUTPUT:WedJul1809:13:572007
Acknowledgments
Manythanks
To Jim Murdoch for allowing me to participate in his award-winning‘Euro-
pean Human Rights Project’ at the University of Glasgow and for his useful
insights on Chapters 4 and 5. To Christian Schwarzenegger for letting me
commandeer many books from his wonderful collection of historical works on
criminallawandprocedure.
To Lindsay Farmer for suggesting that I consider writing a PhD, for his
continuedsupportandencouragementevenafterIdecidedtowriteitinZurich
ratherthanGlasgowandforhismanyhelpfulcommentsandcriticisms.ToStefan
Trechsel for providing me with the perfect ‘day job’ and for his valuable
comments on the text, and to both Stefan and Franca for welcoming me to
Switzerland.
To Sararard Arquint for his readiness to discuss many of the ideas set out in
thisbookandtomyfamilyforeverything.
ColumnsDesignLtd / Job:Fair_Trials / Division:Summers_Prelims /Pg.Position:1/ Date:18/7
JOBNAME:Summers−−FairTria PAGE:8 SESS:31 OUTPUT:WedJul1809:13:572007
This book is based on the author’s doctoral thesis written at the University of
Zurich under the co-supervision of Professor Lindsay Farmer (Glasgow) and
Professor Stefan Trechsel (Zurich). All translations are by the author, unless
otherwisestated.
ColumnsDesignLtd / Job:Fair_Trials / Division:Summers_Prelims /Pg.Position:2/ Date:18/7
JOBNAME:Summers−−FairTria PAGE:1 SESS:25 OUTPUT:TueJul1712:47:352007
Contents
TableofCases xiii
Introduction xix
PartOne
1 TheEnduringLegacyof‘Inquisitorial’and‘Accusatorial’
ProceduralFormsintheDebateonComparativeCriminal
Procedure 3
A TheEnduringLegacyof theInquisitorial/AccusatorialDivide 3
B TheConnectiontoLegalNationalism 11
C DevelopingaNewApproachforAnalysingEuropean
CriminalProcedureLaw 14
2 TheOriginsoftheEuropeanCriminalProceduralTradition 21
A TheImportanceof theDevelopmentsof theNineteenth
Century 21
B TheDevelopmentof the‘AccusatorialTrinity’ 24
C JudicialImpartiality 29
(i) TheSeparationof theFunctionsof‘Judging’and
‘Prosecuting’inFranceandGermany 31
(ii) ImpassivityorActivity:TheRoleof theEnglishJudgein
theExaminationof theEvidence 35
(iii) InstitutionalImpartiality 38
D ThePublicHearingRequirement 38
E ImmediateandOralProceedings 47
(i) ImmediateandOralExaminationof theEvidenceat
Trial 50
(ii) ConsiderationatTrialof EvidenceCollectedBeforethe
TrialandSubmittedinWriting 53
(iii) ImmediateandOralProceedingsasFundamentaltothe
AccusatorialSystem 54
F Conclusions 58
3 TheRightsoftheDefence:LessonsfromtheNineteenthCentury 61
A TheInstitutionalNatureof the‘Rightsof theAccused’ 61
B TheRightsof theDefenceatTrial 63
(i) ThePresenceof theAccused 63
(ii) ParticipatoryRightsof theAccused 68
(iii) TheAssistanceof Counsel 78
C TheRoleof theDefenceinthePre-trialPhase 82
(i) ThePre-trialPhaseas‘Investigative’ 82
ix
ColumnsDesignLtd / Job:Fair_Trials / Division:citi-contents /Pg.Position:1/ Date:17/7