Failure of Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites

189 Pages·2021·18.485 MB·English

by  Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan, M. Rajesh, K Jayakrishna

Failure of
Fibre-Reinforced
Polymer Composites

Failure of
Fibre-Reinforced
Polymer
Composites
Edited by
Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan
Murugan Rajesh
Kandasamy Jayakrishna
First edition published 2022
by CRC Press
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ISBN: 978-0-367-65315-6 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-65316-3 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-12886-1 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9781003128861
Typeset in Times
by SPi Technologies India Pvt Ltd (Straive)
Contents
Illustration ................................................................................................................vii
Preface .......................................................................................................................xi
Editor Biographies ..................................................................................................xiii
Contributors .............................................................................................................xv
Chapter 1 Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Newer
Materials for Weight-Sensitive Applications ......................................1
Garje C. Mohan Kumar and Sabuj Mallik
Chapter 2 Ageing and Its Influence on Mechanical Properties of
Banana/Sisal Hybrid Composites: An Experimental
and Analytical Approach ...................................................................13
S. Senthilrajan, N. Venkateshwaran, and
M. Mohammed Yahaya Khan
Chapter 3 Interfacial Adhesion Improvement of Polymer Composites
Using Graphene Fillers .....................................................................29
Furkan Ahmad, Vijay Chaudhary, and Ankit Manral
Chapter 4 Failure Models of Composite Structures under Impact Loading ......43
Priyanka, N. Shanmuga Priya, and M. Shanmugasundaram
Chapter 5 Challenges of Adhesively Bonded Joints and Their Advantages
over Mechanical Fastening ...............................................................53
B. N. V. S. Ganesh Gupta K, Kishore Kumar Mahato,
Rajesh Kumar Prusty, and Bankim Chandra Ray
Chapter 6 Damage Identification of Natural Fibre Composites Using
Modal Parameters .............................................................................81
D. Mallikarjuna Reddy, G. Venkatachalam,
Shivasharanayya Swamy, J. Naveen, and Jose Machado
Chapter 7 An Overview of Adhesive Bonded Composite Joint
Failure: Critical Comparison of Co-curing, Co-bonding and
Secondary Bonding ...........................................................................91
K.M. Manjunatha Swamy, H. Manjunath, N. Shanmugavadivu,
and Marappan Shanmugasundaram
v
vi Contents
Chapter 8 Vibro-Acoustic Behaviour of a Damaged Honeycomb Core .........105
Mehmet Yetmez, Oguzhan Sen, and Cagrihan Celebi
Chapter 9 Synthesis of Green Hybrid Composite Films for Packaging
Applications: Comparative Study with Conventional Materials ....121
Deepak Kohli
Chapter 10 Damage to Polymer Matrix in Transport Applications ...................135
T.V. Vineeth Kumar, N. Shanmuga Priya, and S. Arun
Chapter 11 A Review of Natural Fibre Composites for Orthopaedic Plate
Applications ....................................................................................149
A. Soundhar, M. Rajesh, V. Lakshmi Narayanan, Anita Jessie,
T. Dhilipkumar, and K. Jayakrishna
Chapter 12 Failure of Polymer Matrix in Space Applications ..........................159
S. Arulvel, D. Dsilva Winfred Rufuss, and Takeshi Akinaga
Index ......................................................................................................................169
Illustration
FIGURES
1.1 Polymer composite processing by VARTM .....................................................8
1.2 Dynamic mechanical analysis of areca–polymer composite ...........................9
1.3 Variation of flexural stresses and strains for areca–polymer composite. .........9
2.1 (a) Banana fibre (b) Sisal fibre (c) Experimental set-up for
individual fibre ...............................................................................................16
2.2 Arrangement of composite layers in unidirectional orientation ....................17
2.3 Moisture absorption vs duration for all types ................................................20
2.4 Moisture absorption mechanism ....................................................................21
2.5 Regression model for diffusion coefficient ....................................................21
2.6 Comparison of average tensile strength for dry and wet specimens ..............22
2.7 Comparison of average tensile modulus for dry and wet specimens. ............22
2.8 Comparison of average flexural strength for dry and wet specimens ............23
2.9 Comparison of average flexural modulus for dry and wet specimens ...........23
2.10 Comparison of impact strength for dry and wet specimens ...........................24
2.11 Tensile modulus of different type of composites ...........................................24
2.12 Tensile strength of different types of composites ..........................................25
3.1. Research trend in the field of graphene-related materials
and applications .............................................................................................31
4.1 High-velocity gas gun-based impact testing device .......................................45
4.2 Different impact regimes and predictive approaches .....................................47
4.3 Different types of impact response ................................................................48
4.4 Distribution of delamination by impact .........................................................49
4.5 The common fibre failure modes ...................................................................50
5.1 Schematic representation of a composite .......................................................55
5.2 Schematic representation of mechanical fastening ........................................56
5.3 Schematic representation of adhesively bonded single lap joint ...................59
5.4 Schematic representation of co-curing joints .................................................61
5.5 Schematic representation of co-bonding joints ..............................................62
5.6 Schematic representation of secondary bonded joints ...................................62
5.7 Schematic representation of surface treatment methods ................................63
5.8 Typical adhesive bonded joint configurations ................................................65
5.9 Schematic representation of the effect of stress .............................................66
5.10 Schematic representation of fabrication and assembly of single-lap
joints (SLJs) ...................................................................................................67
5.11 Schematic representation of failure modes of bonded joints .........................70
5.12 Schematic representation of plasticization behaviour of polymer .................73
6.1 (a) Hemp plant; (b) Hemp woven fabric mat .................................................83
6.2 Specimen preparation (a) Matrix mixing; (b) Mould preparation;
(c) Fabricated hemp laminate. ........................................................................84
6.3 Response points considered for modal analysis. ............................................85
vii
viii Illustration
6.4 Drop weight impact test set-up. .....................................................................85
6.5 (a) Experimental modal analysis set-up; (b) Close-up view of
experimental modal analysis set-up. ..............................................................86
6.6 Experimentally obtained frequency response plot for all damage
scenarios (a) SH1; (b) SD1; (c) SD2; (d) SD3. ..............................................87
6.7 MAC plot for all specimens (a) SH1 (b) SD1 (c) SD2 (d) SD3
against SH1. ...................................................................................................88
7.1 Adhesive bonding methods ............................................................................93
7.2 Disband mode failure initiation .....................................................................95
7.3 Weak bond mode failure initiation .................................................................95
7.4 Impact mode failure initiation ........................................................................95
7.5 Adhesive bonded joint configurations ............................................................96
7.6 Natural parameters impacting the strength of adhesively fortified joints ......97
8.1 Geometrical representation of the core specimens ......................................107
8.2 Impactor shape for impact testing ................................................................107
8.3 Damage history of specimen 4 .....................................................................108
8.4 Vibro-acoustic set-up ...................................................................................108
8.5 Variation of characteristic sound pressure behaviour of undamaged
specimen 1 ...................................................................................................109
8.6 Variation of characteristic sound pressure behaviour of undamaged
specimen 2 ...................................................................................................110
8.7 Variation of characteristic sound pressure behaviour of undamaged
specimen 3 ...................................................................................................111
8.8 Variation of characteristic sound pressure behaviour of undamaged
specimen 4 ...................................................................................................112
8.9 Variation of characteristic sound pressure behaviour of damaged
specimen 1 ...................................................................................................113
8.10 Variation of characteristic sound pressure behaviour of damaged
specimen 2 ...................................................................................................114
8.11 Variation of characteristic sound pressure behaviour of damaged
specimen 3 ...................................................................................................115
8.12 Variation of characteristic sound pressure behaviour of damaged
specimen 4 ...................................................................................................116
8.13 Variation of frequency response function (FRF) of
undamaged specimens .................................................................................117
8.14 Variation of frequency response function (FRF) of damaged specimens ....117
8.15 Representation of finite element models with their damaged cores ............118
8.16 Fundamental frequency difference between experimental and
numerical results ..........................................................................................119
9.1 Mechanical properties of composite films ...................................................125
9.2 Mechanical properties of hybrid films: (a) tensile strength and (b)
elongation .....................................................................................................126
9.3 Water uptake studies ....................................................................................127
9.4 Transmittance (%) of the composite films ...................................................128
9.5 Weight loss (%) of composite films .............................................................129
9.6 SEM micsrographs before and after biodegradation....................................130
Illustration ix
10.1 Airbus A380 structure ..................................................................................137
10.2 Contribution of various materials in a typical automobile ...........................138
10.3 Failure modes in laminated composite materials .........................................141
10.4 Huge hole at the nose of EgyptAir Boeing 737-700 due to bird strike ........141
10.5 Composite failure on racing yacht connecting arm .....................................143
11.1 Types of femur fracture ................................................................................150
12.1 Applications of PMC in aircraft components ..............................................160
TABLES
1.1 Fibre Sources and Origin .................................................................................4
1.2 Properties of Natural and Synthetic Fibres ......................................................4
1.3 Selected Natural Fibre Composition Compared ..............................................7
2.1 Properties of Natural Fibres and Resin ..........................................................15
2.2 Different Types of Composite ........................................................................16
2.3 Moisture Absorption Behaviour of Banana, Sisal and Hybrid Composite ....21
3.1 Structural and Some other Applications of Graphene-based
Polymer Composites ......................................................................................37
4.1 Low-Velocity Impact Testing Types...............................................................46
6.1 Chemical Properties of Hemp Fibre ..............................................................83
6.2 Mechanical and Physical Properties of Hemp Fibre ......................................83
6.3 Specification of Different Specimens ............................................................84
6.4 Experimental Natural Frequency for All Specimens .....................................87
7.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Mechanical and Adhesive Bonding ........93
8.1 Properties of Drop Weight Impact Test Specimens .....................................106
8.2 Convergence Analysis of Specimen 3 ..........................................................118
9.1 Formulations of the Composite Films ..........................................................124
9.2 Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Films Compared .....................................131
11.1 Natural Fibre Classification .........................................................................152
12.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Various PMCs .......................................161
12.2 Properties of Various Matrices used in PMCs..............................................162