Factors influencing drug abuse among the youths Vihiga sub county,Kenya

100 Pages·2015·0.84 MB·English

FACTORS INFLUENCING DRUG ABUSE AMONG THE
YOUTHS IN VIHIGA SUB COUNTY, KENYA

JOEL AMBALE OYUNDI

A Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of Requirement for the
Award of Master of Arts Degree in Project Planning and Management
of the University of Nairobi

2015
DECLARATION
This research project report is my original work and has not been presented to any university for
academic award.
Signature …………………………… Date ………………………………….
JOEL AMBALE OYUNDI
L50/72285/2014

This project report has been submitted for examination with my approval as the University
supervisor.

Signature …………………………… Date ………………………………….
DR. ANGELINA SABINA MULWA
LECTURER,
DEPARTMENT OF EXTRA MURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI
ii
DEDICATION
I dedicate this project report to my mother Mrs. Oneya, my wife Mueni and son Israel for their
support and bearing with me during this process. I will remain forever grateful.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My sincere gratitude goes to Almighty God for the much needed strength, courage and health He
has given me to carry out my research. I am very grateful to my supervisor Dr. Angelina Sabina
Mulwa for the intellectual advice and encouragement that she has given me. Special thanks go to
my family members for creating a conducive environment for learning during my studies. I also
thank the entire administration and management of the University of Nairobi for their co-
operation and all those who have sacrificed their time towards the contribution of this noble duty.
I am deeply indebted to many others whom I have consulted in the course of preparing this
project report. I thank them for being supportive and co-operative in various ways.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................ i
DEDICATION .......................................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................................... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................v
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................. viii
LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................x
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .................................................................................. xi
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ xii
CHAPTER ONE:INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the Study .......................................................................................................1
1.1.1 Overview of Vihiga Sub County ...................................................................................7
1.2 Statement of the Problem ......................................................................................................7
1.3 Purpose of the Study..............................................................................................................9
1.4 Objectives of the Study .........................................................................................................9
1.5. Research Questions ..............................................................................................................9
1.6 Hypotheses Testing ............................................................................................................. 10
1.7 Significance of the Study ..................................................................................................... 10
1.8 Delimitation of the Study .................................................................................................... 11
1.9 Limitations of the Study ...................................................................................................... 12
1.10 Assumptions of the Study .................................................................................................. 12
1.11 Definitions of significant terms used in the study ............................................................... 13
1.12 Organization of the study ................................................................................................... 13
CHAPTER TWO:LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................... 14
2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 14
2.2 Theoretical Literature .......................................................................................................... 14
2.2.1 Literature on Drug Abuse ........................................................................................... 14
2.3 Factors Influencing Youths to Drug Abuse .......................................................................... 17
2.3.1 Demographic Factors .................................................................................................. 17
2.3.2 Socio - Cultural Factors .............................................................................................. 19
2.3.3 Economic Factors ....................................................................................................... 20
2.4 Empirical Literature ............................................................................................................ 20
2.5 Conceptual Framework ....................................................................................................... 25
2.6 Research gaps ...................................................................................................................... 27
CHAPTER THREE:RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ......................................................... 28
3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 28
3.2 Research Design .................................................................................................................. 28
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3.3 Target Population ................................................................................................................ 29
3.4 Sample Size and Sampling Procedure .................................................................................. 29
3.4.1 Sample Size ................................................................................................................ 29
3.4.2 Sampling Procedure .................................................................................................... 30
3.5 Research Instruments .......................................................................................................... 31
3.6 Pilot Study .......................................................................................................................... 32
3.7 Validity of the research instrument ...................................................................................... 32
3.8 Reliability of the Research Instrument ................................................................................ 33
3.9 Data Collection Procedures ................................................................................................. 33
3.10 Data Analysis .................................................................................................................... 33
3.11 Operational Definition of Variables ................................................................................... 34
3.12 Ethical considerations ........................................................................................................ 36
3.13 Chapter Summary .............................................................................................................. 36
CHAPTER FOUR:DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION INTERPRETATION AND
DISSCUSSION .................................................................................................................. 37
4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 37
4.2 The Study Response Rate .................................................................................................... 37
4.3 Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents................................................................. 38
4.3.1 Drug abuse among youths in vihiga sub county........................................................... 46
4.3.2 Influence of demographic factors on drug abuse among youths in Vihiga Sub County 51
4.3.3 Influence of socio-cultural factors on drug abuse among youths in Vihiga Sub County
............................................................................................................................................ 52
4.3.4 Influence of economic factors on drug abuse among youths in Vihiga Sub County ..... 53
4.3.5 Influence of sources of knowledge and awareness on drug abuse among youths in
Vihiga Sub County .............................................................................................................. 55
4.3.6 Youth suggestions/recommendations for improvement/action towards factors
influencing youths to drug abuse in Kenya .......................................................................... 57
4.4 Correlation Analysis ............................................................................................................ 59
4.5 Hypothesis Testing .............................................................................................................. 61
CHAPTER FIVE:SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................. 69
5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 69
5.2 Summary of Research Findings ........................................................................................... 69
5.2.1Major Findings on the influence of demographic factors on drug abuse among youths in
vihiga Sub County ............................................................................................................... 71
5.2.2 Major Findings on the Influence of socio-cultural factors on drug abuse among youths
in Vihiga Sub County .......................................................................................................... 71
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5.2.3 Major Findings on the Influence of economic factors on drug abuse among youths in
Vihiga Sub County .............................................................................................................. 72
5.2.4 Major Findings on the Influence of sources of knowledge and awareness on drug abuse
among youths in Vihiga Sub County ................................................................................... 72
5.3 Conclusion of the Study ...................................................................................................... 73
5.4 Recommendations of the Study ........................................................................................... 73
5.4.1 Recommendations for policy and practice ................................................................... 73
5.4.2 Recommendations for further research ........................................................................ 75
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 76
APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................... 81
APPENDIX I: LETTER OF TRANSMITAL ..................................................................... 81
APPENDIX II: QUESTIONNAIRE..................................................................................... 82
APPENDIX III: RESEARCH PERMIT……………………………………………………...88

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1: The variation in the use of drugs ............................................................................ 15
Table 2.2: Prevalence and risk ratios....................................................................................... 16
Table 2.3: Substances commonly abused by students and non-students................................... 16
Table 3.1: Operational Definition of Variables ....................................................................... 35
Table 4.1: Distribution of the Respondents by Responses Rate ............................................... 37
Table 4.2: Distribution of youth by Gender............................................................................. 38
Table 4.3: Distribution of youth by Age ................................................................................. 39
Table 4.4: Distribution of youth by Education Level ............................................................... 39
Table 4.5: Type of occupation ................................................................................................ 40
Table 4.6: Place lived in ......................................................................................................... 40
Table 4.7: People residing at home ......................................................................................... 41
Table 4.8: Rating the relationship with parent/guardian .......................................................... 42
Table 4.9: Confiding with parent/guardian .............................................................................. 42
Table 4.10: Being understood by parents/guardian ................................................................... 43
Table 4.11: Being loved and respected by parent/guardian........................................................ 43
Table 4.12: Parents/guardian interfering with life ..................................................................... 44
Table 4.13: Person who the respondent spends their time with.................................................. 44
Table 4.14: Awareness when going out .................................................................................... 45
Table 4.15: Knowledge of drug abuse....................................................................................... 46
Table 4.16: Type of drugs abused in the area ............................................................................ 47
Table 4.17: Abuse of drugs by the respondent .......................................................................... 48
Table 4.18: Extent to which drugs are abused ........................................................................... 48
Table 4.19: Form of partaking drugs ......................................................................................... 49
Table 4.20: Reasons for abusing drugs ..................................................................................... 49
Table 4.21: Where the drugs come from ................................................................................... 50
Table 4.22: Extent to which the following socio-cultural factors influence drug abuse among
youth in Vihiga County .......................................................................................... 52
Table 4.23:Extent to which the following economic factors influence drug abuse among
youth in Vihiga County ........................................................................................ 54
Table 4.24: Extent to which the sources of knowledge and awareness on drugs influence drug
abuse among youth in Vihiga County ..................................................................... 55
Table 4.25: The effects of drug abuse experienced in Vihiga County ........................................ 56
Table 4.26: Correlation Analysis for effects of drug abuse experienced in Vihiga County ......... 59
Table 4. 27: Hypothesis testing for relationship between demographic factors and drug abuse in
Vihiga Sub County................................................................................................. 61
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Table 4.28: Group statistics relationship between socio-cultural factors and drug abuse in
Vihiga Sub County................................................................................................ 63
Table 4.29: Independent samples Test relationship between socio-cultural factors and drug
abuse in Vihiga Sub County .................................................................................. 64
Table 30: Group statistics for relationship between economic factors and drug abuse in Vihiga
Sub County ........................................................................................................... 66
Table 31: Independent Samples Test for relationship between economic factors and drug
abuse in Vihiga Sub County ................................................................................... 67

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework ............................................................................................. 25

x