Factors affecting Japanese defense policy.

90 Pages·1.6 MB·en_US

by  Gauthier, John S.;Jones, Lawrence R.;Terasawa, Katsuaki.

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
Monterey, California
THESIS
FACTORS AFFECTING JAPANESE DEFENSE POLICY
by
John S. Gauthier
September, 1991
Thesis Advisor: Lawrence R. Jones
Co-Advisor Katsauki L. Terasawa
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
T260310

SECURITYCLASSIFICATIONOFTHIS PAGE
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
1a REPORTSECURITYCLASSIFICATION 1b RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS
UNCLASSIFIED
2a SECURITYCLASSIFICATIONAUTHORITY 3 DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITYOFREPORT
Approvedfor publicrelease;distributionisunlimited.
2b DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADINGSCHEDULE
4 PERFORMINGORGANIZATIONREPORTNUMBER(S) 5 MONITORINGORGANIZATION REPORTNUMBER(S)
6a NAMEOFPERFORMINGORGANIZATION 6b OFFICESYMBOL 7a NAME OFMONITORINGORGANIZATION
NavalPostgraduateSchool (Ifapplicable) NavalPostgraduateSchool
Code37
6c ADDRESS(City,State,andZIPCode) 7b ADDRESS(C/ty,State,andZIPCode)
Monterey,CA 93943 5000 Monterey,CA 93943-5000
8a NAMEOFFUNDING/SPONSORING 8b OFFICESYMBOL 9 PROCUREMENTINSTRUMENTIDENTIFICATION NUMBER
ORGANIZATION (Ifapplicable)
8c ADDRESS(C/ty,State,andZIPCode) 10 SOURCE OF FUNDINGNUMBERS
ProgramttementNo ProjectN*. WorkUnitAccession
Number
11.TITLE (IncludeSecurityClassification)
FACTORSAFFECTINGJAPANESEDEFENSEPOLICY
12 PERSONALAUTHOR(S) Gauthier,JohnS.
13a TYPEOFREPORT 13b TIME COVERED 14 DATEOF REPORT(year,month,day) 15 PAGECOUNT
Master'sThesis From To September, 1991 81
16 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION
TheviewsexpressedinthisthesisarethoseoftheauthoranddonotreflecttheofficialpolicyorpositionoftheDepartmentofDefenseortheU.S.
Government.
17 COSATICODES 18 SUBJECTTERMS(continueonreverseifnecessaryandidentifybyblocknumber)
FIELD GROUP SUBGROUP JapaneseDefensePolicy;PersianGulfWar;Burdensharing;JapnesePolitics
19 ABSTRACT(continueonreverseifnecessaryandidentifybyblocknumber)
Thisthesisdescribesthemostimportantfactors thatinfluencetheprocessofJapanesedefensepolicyformulation.Thequestionsposed
include;1)WhatwillJapan'srolebeintheemerginginternationalsecuritystructure?2)WhatinternalfacUirdaffectingdefensepolicyneed
tobebetterunderstood by U.S.policymakers?3)Whataresomeimplicationsofthe decision-makingprocessandpoliticalsituationin
JapanfortheU.S.?ThenationaldebateinJapanaboutdefenseisanalyzedwithadescriptionofthemajoradvocacygroups,aswellasthe
influenceofthepressandpublicopinion.Political,historical,andsocialforcesareexamined,aswellastheJapanesedefensepolicy-making
process.ThethesisalsoexaminestheJapaneseresponsetothePersianGulfCrisisof1990-91,togainacurrentperspectiveonJapanese
attitudetowarddefenseandsecurityissues.ConclusionsaredrawntoanswertheinitialquestionsandtoproposewhattheU.S.mayexpect
fromJapanintheareaofdefensemattersinthefuture.
20 DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITYOFABSTRACT 21 ABSTRACTSECURITYCLASSIFICATION
Q Q
UNCIASSlHlD'UNUMlTUi SAMt ASKtPONI J UIlCUStRS UNCLASSIFIED
22a NAMEOF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b TELEPHONE (IncludeAreacode) 22c OFFICE SYMBOL
Lawrence.JonesorKatsaukiL.Terasawa [phone] CodeASJn
DD FORM 1473. 84 MAR 83APKeditionmaybeused untilexhausted SECURITY CLASSIFICATIONOF THISPAGE
Allothereditionsareobsolete UNCLASSIFIED
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Factors Affecting Japanese Defense Policy
by
John S Gauthier
.
Lieutenant, United States Navy
B.S., University of Rochester, 1985
Submitted in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MANAGEMENT
from the
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
September, 1991
David R. Whipple, Chairman
Department of Administrative Sciences
11
ABSTRACT
This Thesis describes many of the important factors influencing
the process of Japanese defense policy formulation. The questions
posed include 1) What will Japan's Role be in the emerging
international security structure? 2) What internal factors
affecting defense policy need to be better understood by U.S.
policy makers? 3) What are some implications of the decision-making
process and political situation in Japan for the U.S.? The national
debate in Japan about defense is analyzed with a description of the
major advocacy groups, as well as the influence of the press and
public opinion. Political, historical, and social forces are
examined, as well as the Japanese defense policy-making process.
The thesis also examines the Japanese response to the Persian Gulf
Crisis of 1990-91, to gain a current perspective on Japanese
attitude toward defense and security issues. Conclusions are drawn
to answer the initial questions and to propose what the U.S. may
expect from Japan in the Area of defense matters in the future.
in
..
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
I 1
.
A. BACKGROUND 1
B. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 5
1. Japan's Role 5
2 Internal Factors 6
3. U.S. Implications 6
II. FORCES AT WORK IN JAPANESE SOCIETY 8
A. THE PEACE CONSTITUTION 8
Occupation
1 8
.
2 Interpretation 9
3. The Constitution Today 11
B. THE NATIONAL DEBATE 12
...
1. Major Advocacy Groups and Their Views 13
a. The Realists 13
b. The Diplomats 14
c. The Progressive Conservatives 15
d. The Nuclear Advocates 17
e. The Mercantilists 19
f. The Strategists 21
C. THE PRESS AND ITS INFLUENCE 24
IV