Facing the Holocaust in Budapest: The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Jews in Hungary, 1943–1945 PDF
Preview Facing the Holocaust in Budapest: The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Jews in Hungary, 1943–1945
FACING THE HOLOCAUST IN BUDAPEST COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE Geneva, 3 September 1986 Dear Mr. Ben Tov, The ICRC Reading Panel has perused the version of your work dated 30 August 1986. It examined the sources taken from the ICRC's archives and publications and found that they correspond to the documents you used as references. As regards the interpretation of theses sources, the Reading Panel remains unconvinced on quite a number of points; on the basis of the same documents, the members of the Panel in many cases took a different view of the motives for the action of the ICRC and its staff in relation to the events described. Nevertheless the Reading Panel respects your academic freedom and has decided to authorize the publication of this version of your work. Hoping that you will be happy to receive this news, I remain, Sincerely yours, Jacques Moreillon Director General Mr. Arieh Ben-Tov 8, Daniel Frisch Str. Tel-Aviv 64731 Israel ARIEH BEN-TOV FACING THE HOLOCAUST IN BUDAPEST The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Jews in Hungary, 1943-1945 SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA B.V. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Ben-Tov, Ar1eh, 1923- Faclng the Holocaust 1n Budapest : the Internat~onal CoNmittee of the Red Cross and the Jews 1n Hungary, 1943-1945 1 Ar1eh Ben-Tov. p. cm. -- CSc1ent1flC collect1on of the Henry Dunant Institute> Bibl1ography. p. Includes 1ndex. ISBN 9024737648 1. Jews--Hungary--Persecutlons. 2. Holocaust, Jew1sh C1939-1945l -Hungary. 3. Internat1onal Comm1ttee of the Red Cross. 4. World War, 1939-1945--Jews--Rescue--Hungary. 5. Hungary--Ethnlc relat1ons. I. T1tle. II. Ser1es. DS135.H9B38 1988 943.9"DD4924--dr.19 88-23212 CIP ISBN 978-94-017-6865-8 ISBN 978-94-017-6935-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-6935-8 Typesct by POPLAR S.C., Brussels Ali Rights Reserved © 1988 by Spnnger Science+Business Med1a Dordrecht Origina11y published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1988 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION OF THE HENRY DUNANT INSTITUTE Pierre Boissier, HISTOIRE DU COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX a ROUGE. Tome I - de Solferino Tsoushima, 1978. HISTORY OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS. Vol. I -From Solferino to Tsushima, 1985. Gradimir Djurovic, L' AGENCE CENTRALE DE RECHERCHES DU CO MITE IN TERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE, 1981. THE CENTRAL TRACING AGENCY OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMIT TEE OF THE RED CROSS, 1986. Andre Durand, HISTOIRE DU CO MITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX a ROUGE. Tome II -de Sarajevo Hiroshima, 1978. HISTORY OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS. Vol. II- From Sarajevo to Hiroshima, 1984. Jean-Luc Hie bel, L' ASSISTANCE SPIRITUELLE DANS LES CONFLICTS AR MES - Droits humains, 1979. Frits Kalshoven, BELLIGERENT REPRISALS, 1971. Peter Macalister-Smith, INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE: DISASTER RELIEF ACTIONS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ORGANI ZATION, 1985. Jacques Meurant, LE SERVICE VOLONTAIRE DE LA CROIX-ROUGE DANS LA SOCIETE D'AUJOURD'HUI, 1984. RED CROSS VOLUNTARY SERVICE IN TODAY'S SOCIETY, 1985. Richard Perruchoud, LES RESOLUTIONS DES CONFERENCES INTERN AT IO NALES DE LA CROIX-ROUGE, 1979. INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF NATIONAL RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES, 1982. Jean Pictet, LES PRINCIPES FONDAMENTAUX DE LA CROIX-ROUGE - COMMENTAIRES, 1979. THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE RED CROSS - COMMENTA RY, 1979. LOS PRINCIPOS FUNDAMENT ALES DE LA CRUZ ROJA-COMENTARIO, 1979. Esbjorn Rosenblad, INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT, Some aspects of the principle of distinction and related problems, 1979. Philip Selby, HEALTH IN 1980-1990. A predictive study based on an international inquiry. Jirl Toman, INDEX OF THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS FOR THE PROTEC TION OF WAR VICTIMS OF 12 AUGUST 1949, 1973. Michel Veuthey, GUERILLA ET DROIT HUMANITAIRE, 1976. In memory of my parents Itzhak-Tuvia and Frieda-Leah Hassenberg and my brothers and sisters Sala Shlamek Srulek Frumcia Luniah who were murdered by the Nazis during the Second World War in Auschwitz concentration camp. This work was carried out under the guidance of Professor Saul Friedlaender. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments xi List of abbreviations xiii Introduction 1 I Historical Perspective: 1918-45 7 II The International Committee of the Red Cross 25 III The Legal Framework of ICRC Activities 35 IV The Problems ofthe ICRC in Hungary: 1941-43 61 v The de Bavier Period 93 VI A New Delegate, A New Approach 139 VII The Activities in July 1944 171 VIII The Thaw? 209 IX The Fascist Subversion 255 X On the Threshold of Liberation 299 XI The Battle for Budapest 335 Conclusion 385
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