Extreme Stress and Communities: Impact and Intervention PDF
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Extreme Stress and Communities: Im pact and Intervention NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematlcsl and Physlcsl Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers D Behavioural and Social Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and London E Applied Sciences F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag G Ecologlcsl Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, H Cell Biology Paris and Tokyo I Global Environmental Change PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 1. Disarmament Technologies Kluwer Academic Publishers 2. Environment Springer-Verlag / Kluwer Academic Publishers 3. High Technology Kluwer Academic Publishers 4. Science and Technology Policy Kluwer Academic Publishers 5. Computer Networking Kluwer Academic Publishers The Partnership Sub-Series incorporates activities undertaken in collaboration with NA TO's Cooperation Partners, the countries of the CIS and Central and Eastem Europe, in Priority Areas of concern to those countries. NATO-PCO-DATA BASE The electronic index to the NATO ASI Series provides full bibliographical references (with keywords and/or abstracts) to more than 50000 contributions from international scientists published in all sections of the NATO ASI Series. Access to the NATO-PCO-DATA BASE is possible in two ways: - via online FILE 128 (NATO-PCO-DATA BASE) hosted by ESRIN, Via Galileo Galilei, 1-00044 Frascati, Italy. - via CD-ROM "NATO-PCO-DATA BASE" with user-friendly retrieval software in English, French and German (©WTV GmbH and DATAWARE Technologies Inc. 1989). The CD-ROM can be ordered through any member of the BoarQ of Publishers or through NATO PCO, Overijse, Belgium. Series D: Behavioural and Social Sciences - Vol. 80 Extreme Stress and Communities: Im pact and Intervention edited by Stevan E. Hobfoll Applied Psychology Center, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, U.S.A. and Marten W. de Vries Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Section of Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, University of Limburg and the International Institute for Psycho-social and Socio-ecological Research (IPSER), Maastricht, The Netherlands Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Stress and Communities ChAteau de Bonas, France June 14-18, 1994 A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-90-481-4548-5 ISBN 978-94-015-8486-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-8486-9 Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Oordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1995 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1995 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo copying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Dedication s. E. H. In memory of Barry Tarshes (1953-1982) and dedicated to his parents Beverly and Jack, who were there to call on when I needed their help. and M. W. deY. To the people whose lives, triumphs, and suffering have provided the substance of this volume in the hope that it will be helpful to others. Table of Contents Contributors to this volume xi Participants in the NATO Advanced Research Workshop xv Acknowledgements xix Preface Stevan E. HobJoll and Marten W. de Vries XXI Section I: Introduction: Focusing on the Community in the Case of Extreme Stress Stevan E. HobJoll, Marten W deVries and Rebecca P. Cameron 1 1. The Community Context of Disaster and Traumatic Stress: An Ecological Perspective from Community Psychology Edison J. Trickett 11 Section II: Basic Stress Concepts and Where They Lead in the Study of Community Stress Stevan E. HobJoll, Rebecca P. Cameron and Marten W de Vries 27 2. Disasters, Stress and Cognition Donald Meichenbaum 33 3. Temperament Risk Factor: The Contribution of Temperament to the Consequences of the State of Stress Jan Strelau 63 4. Coping with the Loss of a Family Member: Implications for Community-Level Research and Intervention Camille B. Wortman, Katherine B. Carnelley, Darrin R. Lehman, Christopher G. Davis and Julie Juola Exline 83 5. Individual and Community Stress: Integration of Approaches at Different Levels Matthias Jerusalem, KrzysztoJ Kaniasty, Darrin R. Lehman, Christian Ritter and Gordon J. Turnbull 105 viii Section III: 'Resources to Offset Stress: Applications to the Community Context Stevan E. Hobfoll, Rebecca P. Cameron and Marten W. deVries l31 6. Community Stress and Resources: Actions and Reactions Stevan E. Hobfoll, Sylvester Briggs and Jennifer Wells l37 7. Optimistic Self-Beliefs as a Resource Factor in Coping with Stress Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem 159 8. Stress and Social Support Irwin G. Sarason, Barbara R. Sarason and Gregory R. Pierce 179 Section IV: Bridges to Community Stress Stevan E. Hobfoll, Rebecca P. Cameron and Marten W. deVries 199 9. Prevention of the Consequences of Man-Made or Natural Disaster at the (Inter)National, the Community, the Family, and the Individual Level Joop T. V.M. de Jong 207 10. The Pathogenic Effects of War Stress: The Israeli Experience Zahava Solomon 229 11. Stress and Diasaster Alexander C. McFarlane 247 12. Methodological Issues in Designing Research on Community-Wide Disasters with Special Reference to Chemobyl Evelyn J. Bromet 267 l3. Research Methods and Directions: Establishing the Community Context Fran H. Norris, John R. Freedy, Anita DeLongis, Lucio Sibilia and Wolfgang SchOnpflug 283 Section V: Long-Term Effects of Community Stress Stevan E. Hobfoll, Rebecca P. Cameron and Marten W. deVries 301 14. Long-Term Consequences of Disasters Bonnie L. Green 307 15. Endurance and Living: Long-Term Effects of the Holocaust Jacob Lomranz 325 ix 16. Reverberation Theory: Stress and Racism in Hierarchically Structured Communities James S. Jackson and Marita R. Inglehart 353 17. Culture, Community and Catastrophe: Issues in Understanding Communities under Difficult Conditions Marten W. de Vries 375 Section VI: Prevention and Intervention Stevan E. Hob/oil, Rebecca P. Cameron and Marten W. deVries 395 18. Preventive Psychosocial Intervention after Disaster Lars Weisreth 401 19. The Treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Bessell A. van der Kolk, Onno van der Hart and Jennifer Burbridge 421 20. Strategies of Disaster Intervention for Children and-Adolescents Robert S. Pynoos, Armen Goenjian and Alan M. Steinberg 445 21. Catalyzing Community Support Noach Milgram, Barbara R. Sarason, Ute SchOnpflug, Anita Jackson and Christine Schwarzer 473 22. Prevention and Treatment of Community Stress: How to be a Mental Health Expert at the Time of Disaster Charles Figley, Robert Giel, Ste/ania Borgo, Sylvester Briggs and Mika Haritos-Fatouros 489 23. Intervention Strategies for Emergency Response Groups: A New Conceptual Framework Roderick J. ~mer 499 Conclusions: Addressing Communities under Extreme Stress Stevan E. Hob/oil, Marten W. de Vries and Rebecca P. Cameron 523 Index 529 Contributors to this Volume Stefania Borgo Centro di Ricerca in Psicoterapia e Scienze del Comportamento, Italy Sylvester Briggs Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction, OH, USA Evelyn J. Bromet State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY, USA Jennifer Burbridge Harvard Medical School, MA, USA Rebecca P. Cameron Kent State University, OH, USA Katherine B. Camelley University of Wales, College of Cardiff, United Kingdom Christopher G. Davis University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada Joop T. V. M. de Jong International Institute for Psychosocial and Socio-Ecological Research (IPSER), University of Maastricht, and Free University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands Anita DeLongis University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada Marten W. deVries University of Limburg and the International Institute for Psychosocial and Socio Ecological Research (IPSER), the Netherlands Julie Juola Exline State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY, USA Charles Figley Florida State University. FL. USA John R. Freedy Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA Robert Giel Academisch Ziekenhuis Groningen, the Netherlands Annen Goenjian University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA Bonnie L. Green Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA Mika Haritos-Fatouros Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Greece Stevan E. Hobfoll Kent State University, OH, USA Marita R. Inglehart University of Michigan, MI, USA xi xii Anita Jackson Kent State University, OH, USA James S. Jackson University of Michigan, MI, USA Matthias Jerusalem Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Gennany Krzysztof Kaniasty Indiana University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA Darrin R. Lehman University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada Jacob Lomranz Tel Aviv University, Israel Alexander C. McFarlane University of Adelaide and South Australia Mental Health Service, Australia Donald Meichenbaum University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Noach Milgram Tel Aviv University, Israel Fran H. Norris Georgia State University, GA, USA Roderick J. 0mer Lincolnshire Joint Emergency Services, United Kingdom Gregory R. Pierce Hamilton College, NY, USA Robert S. Pynoos University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA Christian Ritter Kent State University, OH, USA Barbara R. Sarason University of Washington, W A, USA Irwin G. Sarason University of Washington, W A, USA Ute SchOnpflug Freie Universitat Berlin, Gennany Wolfgang SchOnpflug Freie Universitat Berlin, Gennany Christine Schwarzer Heinrich Heine Universitat, Gennany Ralf Schwarzer Freie Universitat Berlin, Gennany Lucio Sibilia Universita degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza," Italy
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