Extracting the science : a century of mining research PDF
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Extracting the Science A Century of Mining Research Edited by Jürgen Brune Extracting the Science A Century of Mining Research © 2010 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2010. © 2010 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2010. Extracting the Science A Century of Mining Research Edited by Jürgen Brune Published by © 2010 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2010. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. (SME) 8307 Shaffer Parkway Littleton, Colorado, USA 80127 (303) 948-4200 / (800) 763-3132 www.smenet.org SME advances the worldwide mining and minerals community through information exchange and professional development. SME is the world’s largest association of mining and minerals professionals. Copyright © 2010 Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. Electronic edition published 2010. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Information contained in this work has been obtained by SME, Inc., from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither SME nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and neither SME nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that SME and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought. Any statement or views presented here are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of SME. The mention of trade names for commercial products does not imply the approval or endorsement of SME. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-87335-328-1 iv © 2010 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2010. Contents Preface ......................................................................................................................................................ix SECtion 1. GEnEraL MininG The Development of Mining and Minerals Research in Canada ..........................................................2 Louise Laverdure, John Udd, Gilles Tremblay, Thomas Hynes Coal Mining Research in the United Kingdom: A Historical Review ................................................10 Sevket Durucan, Robert Jozefowicz, David Brenkley Hearing Loss in the Mining Industry: The Evolution of NIOSH and Bureau of Mines Hearing Loss Research .......................................................................................................................23 R.J. Matetic, Robert F. Randolph, Peter G. Kovalchik Heat Stress Management in Hot Mines ..............................................................................................30 Petrus Schutte Mine Illumination: A Historical and Technological Perspective ........................................................35 John J. Sammarco, Jacob L. Carr U.S. Bureau of Mines/NIOSH Mining Electrical Safety Research: A Legacy of Protection Against Shock, Fires, and Explosions ................................................................................................45 Michael R. Yenchek, Gerald T. Homce Environmental Research by the U.S. Bureau of Mines ......................................................................58 L. Michael Kaas CSIRO Coal Mining Research and Technologies ...............................................................................70 Hua Guo, Rao Balusu, David W. Hainsworth, Baotang Shen, Deepak P. Adhikary, Shi Su, Jonathan Roberts 100 Years of Underground Applied Mining Research in Southeast Missouri (SEMO) ....................81 Richard L. Bullock Maintenance Management and Sustainability: A Historical Perspective ...........................................96 José A. Botin Innovative Solutions Developed at KOMAG to Improve Operational Safety and Reliability of Mechatronic Systems in Mines ............................................................................102 Antoni Kozieł, Małgorzata Malec Immigrant Labor Forces and Mine Safety ........................................................................................114 Nancy L. Dorset, Lawrence A. Hunchuck SECtion 2. MinE ProDuCtivity 40 Years of Technical Development at RAG Deutsche Steinkohle ..................................................122 Martin Junker Improving Dragline Productivity Using a Diggability Index as an Indicator ...................................134 Mehmet Kizil v © 2010 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2010. Assessment of Cutoff Grade Impurities: A Case Study of Magnesite Ore Deposit ..........................142 Suheyla Yerel, Adnan Konuk An Empirical Relationship to Determine the Performance of Bucketwheel Excavator, Bench Conveyor, and Spreader Systems Verified with Data from the Rhenish Lignite Mining District ....146 Robrecht M. Schmitz, Holger Franken, Stefan Blunck SECtion 3. GrounD ControL Mitigating the Risk of Rockbursts in the Deep Hard Rock Mines of South Africa: 100 Years of Research .......................................................................................................................156 Raymond J. Durrheim Coal Mining Research in Australia—A Historical Review of Developments ..................................172 Bruce K. Hebblewhite The Impact of Ground Control Research on the Safety of Underground Coal Miners: 1910–2010 ........................................................................................................................................177 Christopher Mark, Thomas M. Barczak The Rise of Geophysics for In-Mine Imaging in South African Gold and Platinum Mines ............189 Declan Vogt, Michael van Schoor Continuous Assessment of Rockfall Risk in Deep Tabular Mines ...................................................199 Van Zyl Brink Pillar and Roof Span Design in Stone Mines ...................................................................................209 Gabriel S. Esterhuizen, Dennis R. Dolinar, John L. Ellenberger Laboratory Investigation of the Potential Use of Thin Spray-on Liners in Underground Coal Mines ........................................................................................................................................225 Simon Gilbert, Serkan Saydam, Rudrajit Mitra Geotechnical Instrumentation Research Leads to Development of Improved Mine Designs ..........235 Hamid Maleki Review of Rock Slope Displacement-Time Curve and Failure Prediction Models .........................247 Hossein Masoumi, Kurt J. Douglas Investigation into the Stress Shell Evolving Characteristics of Rock Surrounding Fully Mechanized Top-coal Caving Face .........................................................................................260 Ke Yang, Guangxiang Xie, Jucai Chang Analysis of a M 4.0 Mining Induced Seismic Event .......................................................................267 L Michael Alber, Ralf Fritschen Microseismic Monitoring in Mines ..................................................................................................277 Maochen Ge SECtion 4. MinE vEntiLation How Mining Disasters Changed the Face of Mining in Australia ....................................................286 Paul Harrison, Stewart Bell, Darren Brady, Jan Oberholzer, Ray Davis History of the Research in Polish Coal Mining Industry and Its Present Trends .............................297 Józef Dubiński Disaster Prevention in Deep Hard Coal Mining: A German Review................................................308 Per Nicolai Martens, Walter Hermülheim vi © 2010 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2010. How Will We Respond to a Mine Disaster in 2010? ........................................................................314 Paul Harrison, Stewart Bell, Darren Brady Prevention of Methane and Coal Dust Explosions in the Polish Hard Coal Mines ..........................324 Krzysztof Cybulski, Józef Dubiński A Centennial of Mine Explosion Prevention Research.....................................................................335 Michael J. Sapko, Eric S. Weiss, Marcia L. Harris, Chi-Keung Man, Samuel P. Harteis Development of Mine Gas Management Technology and Practices in Australia Following the Moura Mine Explosions ............................................................................................346 Paul Harrison, Stewart Bell, Darren Brady Large Scale Tests U.S. BoM and CMI Collaboration .......................................................................358 Kazimierz Lebecki Underground Coal Mine Disasters 1900–2010: Events, Responses, and a Look to the Future .......363 Michael J. Brnich, Jr., Kathleen M. Kowalski-Trakofker MSHA Mine Emergency Operations—Then and Now ....................................................................373 John E. Urosek, Virgil F. Brown The Use of Self-Contained Self Rescuers (SCSRs) During Recent Mine Accidents in the U.S. and Subsequent Regulatory Improvements for SCSRs ..................................................381 Jeffery H. Kravitz, John H. Gibson A Century of Bureau of Mines/NIOSH Explosives Research ..........................................................388 Richard J. Mainiero, Harry C. Verakis A Summary of U.S. Mine Fire Research ..........................................................................................397 Alex C. Smith, Edward D. Thimons Proactive Strategies to Prevent Fires and Explosions in Longwall Mines .......................................408 Rao Balusu, Ting Ren, Kelvin Schiefelbein, Paul O’Grady, Tim Harvey Development of Methods for Determining the Evacuation Routes in Case of Fire in Polish Underground Mines ..........................................................................................................................418 Andrzej Strumiński, Barbara Madeja-Strumińska History of Research in Mine Refrigeration, Cooling, and Ventilation in South Africa ....................424 Stephen J. Bluhm, Wynand M. Marx, Russell Ramsden, Frank H. von Glehn A Summary of USBM/NIOSH Respirable Dust Control Research for Coal Mining .......................432 Jay F. Colinet, James P. Rider, John A. Organiscak, Jeff Listak, Gregory Chekan An Overview of USBM/NIOSH Technology to Reduce Silica Dust in Metal/Nonmetal Mines and Mills ................................................................................................................................442 Andrew B. Cecala, John A. Organiscak, Gregory J. Chekan, Jeanne A. Zimmer, James P. Rider, Jay F. Colinet A Review of the USBM/NIOSH Diesel Research Program .............................................................453 Steven Mischler, Aleksandar Bugarski, James Noll, Larry Patts, Emanuele Cauda Simultaneous Ventilation, Power, and Cooling Supply with Compressed Air .................................463 George Danko, Davood Bahrami, Rajeev Gunda Historical Development of Technologies for Controlling Methane in Underground Coal Mines ....478 Charles D. Taylor, C. Özgen Karacan vii © 2010 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2010. SECtion 5. traininG Global Mining Engineering Education: Past, Present, and Future ...................................................490 Michael Karmis, Bruce Hebblewhite, Hans de Ruiter, Malcolm Scoble, Mario Cedrón, Huw Phillips A Review of NIOSH and U.S. Bureau of Mines Research to Improve Miners’ Health and Safety Training ...........................................................................................................................501 Robert H. Peters, Charles Vaught, Launa Mallett Training Using Virtual Environments: The Problems of Organisational Knowledge Creation .......510 Damian Schofield Training for Tomorrow—Application of Virtual Reality Training for the Mining Industry ............517 Bruce Dowsett Virtual Environments for Surface Mining Powered Haulage Training ............................................520 Ryan P. McMahan, Steven Schafrik, Doug A. Bowman, Michael Karmis A Century of Mining Visualisation: Moving from 2D to 5D ............................................................529 Damian Schofield, Andrew Dasys, Pavel Vasak index ......................................................................................................................................................537 viii © 2010 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2010. Preface The year 2010 marks the 100th anniversary of the formation of the Bureau of Mines as the premier min- ing research organization in the United States. The Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. (SME), is celebrating this anniversary with a special symposium, “Extracting the Science: 100 Years of Mining Research,” held in conjunction with the 2010 Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA. When the United States Congress founded the Bureau of Mines in 1910, it established the primary gov- ernment agency to conduct scientific research and to disseminate information on the extraction, processing, use, and conservation of mineral resources. The initial focus of the bureau’s work was to conduct research on the prevention of disastrous mine accidents. On December 6, 1907, the explosion of the Monongah mine in West Virginia killed 362 miners. This disaster, the worst in U.S. mining history, was followed 2 weeks later by a severe explosion that killed 239 miners at Jacobs Creek, Pennsylvania. One hundred fifty-four miners died at Marianna, Pennsylvania, in November of 1908, and 259 were killed at Cherry, Illinois, in November 1909. Mine disasters in European countries, specifically the catastrophic explosion at the French Courrières mine in 1906 that killed 1,099 miners, sparked similar organized research efforts in Europe. During the past 100 years, the U.S. mining industry has made remarkable improvements in mine safety and health, and equally remarkable advances in mining technology, equipment, and mine productivity. Mine operators benefit from the economics of scale offered by larger mines with higher-capacity equipment and increasingly automated control, remote sensing, and diagnostic technology. Computers and digital communi- cation systems are common in all mine types. Sophisticated mine planning and design tools are available to optimize cut-off grades and mining sequences. Along with the above advances, the productivity of mining operations has vastly improved with the introduction of more powerful equipment and sophisticated technologies, more extensive mine workings, and more efficient production technology. These improvements have led to specialized mining research challenges, including the following: • To prevent catastrophic events such as fires, explosions, inundations, and major roof or slope failures • To provide adequate ventilation to dilute explosive or toxic gases • To prevent respiratory illness caused by inhalation of harmful dusts, diesel particulates, blasting or welding fumes, and radon progeny • To properly engineer and design ground support and prevent falls of roof or back • To provide protection from moving equipment and machinery • To prevent hearing loss caused by workplace noise • To facilitate an ergonomic work environment and prevent musculoskeletal diseases • To provide emergency communications and tracking technology as well as life support for miners trapped in underground mines • To conduct surveillance studies in mine worker safety and health • To develop training materials and industry guidelines for the improvement of safety, health, and pro- ductivity in mines For this symposium, we invited more than 50 leading scientists from 11 mining countries around the world to present their research findings. Their papers, as compiled in this volume, provide an in-depth cross section of research and technological achievements in the mining industry aimed at improving the health and safety of mine workers as well as furthering mine productivity. We asked the authors to include a brief historical view but to mainly focus on today’s knowledge and on directions and expectations for future development. Keynote presentations introduce the subjects and provide a framework for the more detailed technical papers. ix © 2010 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. All rights reserved. Electronic edition published 2010.
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