Exploring the World with the Laser: Dedicated to Theodor Hänsch on his 75th birthday

799 Pages·2018·37.258 MB·English

by  Dieter Meschede,Thomas Udem,Tilman Esslinger (eds.)

Dieter Meschede · Thomas Udem
Tilman Esslinger E ditors
Exploring the
World with
the Laser
Dedicated to Theodor Hänsch on his
75th birthday
Exploring the World with the Laser
Dieter Meschede (cid:129) Thomas Udem (cid:129)
Tilman Esslinger
Editors
Exploring the World
with the Laser
Dedicated to Theodor Ha¨nsch
on his 75th birthday
Editors
DieterMeschede ThomasUdem
InstituteforAppliedPhysics Max-Planck-InstituteforQuantenoptik(MPQ)
UniversityofBonn Garching,Germany
Bonn,Germany
TilmanEsslinger
ETHZurich
InstituteforQuantumElectronics
Zurich,Switzerland
ISBN978-3-319-64345-8 ISBN978-3-319-64346-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64346-5
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017951119
©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s)2018
Thechapters“NewAvenuesforMatter-Wave-EnhancedSpectroscopy”,“FromQuantumTransitions
to Electronic Motions”, “Measuring and Imaging Nanomechanical Motion with Laser Light”,
“Quantum Regime of a Free-Electron Laser: Relativistic Approach”, “Atomic “Bomb Testing”:
The Elitzur–Vaidman Experiment Violates the Leggett–Garg Inequality”, “High-Accuracy Deep-UV
Ramsey-comb Spectroscopy in Krypton”, “Phase-Stable, Multi-μJ Femtosecond Pulses from a
Repetition-RateTunableTi:Sa-Oscillator-SeededYb-FiberAmplifier”,“High-PrecisionSpectroscopy
of the HD+ Molecule at the 1-p.p.b. Level”, “Orientational Dependence of Optically Detected
MagneticResonanceSignalsinLaser-DrivenAtomicMagnetometers”,“AllPolarization-Maintaining
Fiber Laser Architecture for Robust Femtosecond Pulse Generation”, “Topological Spin Models
in Rydberg Lattices”, “Ultrafast Optomechanical Pulse Picking”, “Shifting the Phase of a Coherent
Beamwitha174Yb+Ion:InfluenceoftheScatteringCrossSection”,“ACompactEchelleSpectrograph
for Characterization of Astro-Combs”, “Mode Locking Based on the Temporal Talbot Effect”,
“Single-Slit Focusing and Its Representations”, “Ultracold Metastable Helium: Ramsey Fringes and
Atom Interferometry”, “Cavity Ring-Up Spectroscopy for Dissipative and Dispersive Sensing in a
WhisperingGalleryModeResonator”,“SensitivityandResolutioninFrequencyCombSpectroscopy
ofBufferGasCooledPolyatomicMolecules”,“PrecisionMeasurementsandTestofMolecularTheory
in Highly Excited Vibrational States of H (v ¼ 11)”, “Ranging with Frequency-Shifted Feedback
2
Lasers:Fromμm-RangeAccuracytoMHz-RangeMeasurementRate”,and“ExtractionofEnhanced,
UltrashortLaserPulsesfromaPassive10-MHzStack-and-DumpCavity”arelicensedunderthetermsof
theCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0InternationalLicense(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).Forfurtherdetailsseelicenseinformationinthechapters.
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“Enlightening the World with the
Laser”—Honoring T. W. Ha¨nsch1
As guest editors of the T. W. Ha¨nsch special issue of Applied Physics B, we are
delighted to introduce you to a series of articles authored in honor of Professor
TheodorW.“Ted”Ha¨nsch,bycolleagues,co-workersand(former)studentsofhis.
The occasion is Ted’s 75th birthday, but the issue celebrates some 50 years of
cutting-edgeresearchthatheperformedfirstattheUniversityofHeidelberginthe
late1960s,thenatStanfordUniversity,andsince1986attheMaxPlanckInstitute
ofQuantumOpticsinGarchingandtheLudwig-MaximilianUniversityofMunich.
AppliedPhysicsBisanaturalvenueforsuchaFestschrift,giventhatTedisserving
onitsEditorialBoardsince1983.
HowTedHa¨nschhasinfluencedthewaywethinkaboutlasers,andhowweuse
them, is truly remarkable. His 75th birthday marks a great occasion to pause and
reflect on his achievements. Ted Ha¨nsch’s passion is precision measurements and
thestudyofthehydrogenatom.Yet,eveniftheNobelPrizecamefortheingenious
frequency comb, “precision” and “hydrogen” do not quite cover his approach to
physics. More generally, Ted keeps teaching us how we can use laser light,
sometimes for rather playful applications, sometimes for fundamental break-
throughs—andfrom timetotime alsofor commercialdevices. Hisuniquewayof
doing physics, however, goes much further. In addition to leading the way with
groundbreaking research on topics from precision laser spectroscopy to ultracold
quantum gases, Ted has motivated an entire generation of physicists to pursue
related goals. He has generated a lasting impact in several communities, not least
thankstothelargenumberofalumnifromhisresearchgroupwhohavegoneonto
developcareersoftheirown,inspiredbyTed’sexample.
The esteem inwhich Ted is held bycolleagues, collaborators and friends from
aroundtheworldisreflectedinthelargenumberofexcellentarticlesinthisvolume.
We are grateful to the many authors who contributed such interesting papers. As
1Thisarticleispartofthetopicalcollection“EnlighteningtheWorldwiththeLaser”-Honoring
T.W.Ha¨nschguesteditedbyTilmanEsslinger,NathaliePicque´,andThomasUdem.
v
vi “EnlighteningtheWorldwiththeLaser”—HonoringT.W.Ha¨nsch
you browse this issue, you will find papers by outstanding scientists who are
working in the broad, interdisciplinary field of atomic, molecular and optical
physics. Most contributions highlight the influence of Ted’s scientific activities,
currentandpast.Excitingnewfindingsregardingprecisionspectroscopyofatoms
andmoleculesarereported,alongsideintriguingcontributionsintheareasofopto-
mechanics,ultracoldatomicandmolecularquantumgasesandmatter-waveoptics,
as well as works on the development and application of novel laser sources,
including frequency combs. Other articles provide insightful perspectives and
reviewsdedicatedtovariousaspectsofquantumandopticalsciences.
We hope you will join us in celebrating Ted’s achievements and enjoy this
collectionofpapers.
Congratulations on your 75th birthday, Ted! We look forward to many more
ideasonhowtoexploretheworldwithlaserlight.
SwissFederalInstituteofTechnology TilmanEsslinger
Switzerland
MaxPlanckInstituteofQuantumOptics NathaliePicque´
Germany
MaxPlanckInstituteofQuantumOptics ThomasUdem
Germany
ZurichandGarching
October19,2016
Contents
UnexpectedlyLargeDifferenceoftheElectronDensityattheNucleus
inthe4p2P Fine-StructureDoubletofCaþ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1/2,3/2
C.Shi,F.Gebert,C.Gorges,S.Kaufmann,W.N€ortersha¨user,B.K.Sahoo,
A.Surzhykov,V.A.Yerokhin,J.C.Berengut,F.Wolf,J.C.Heip,
andP.O.Schmidt
NewAvenuesforMatter-Wave-EnhancedSpectroscopy. . . . . . . . . . . 21
JonasRodewald,PhilippHaslinger,NadineD€orre,BenjaminA.Stickler,
ArminShayeghi,KlausHornberger,andMarkusArndt
YbFiberAmplifierat972.5nmwithFrequencyQuadrupling
to243.1nm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Z.Burkley,C.Rasor,S.F.Cooper,A.D.Brandt,andD.C.Yost
OpticalAutler–TownesSpectroscopyinaHeteronuclearMixture
ofLaser-CooledAtoms. . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . 45
C.Bruni,F.Münchow,andA.G€orlitz
FromQuantumTransitionstoElectronicMotions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
FerencKrausz
MeasuringandImagingNanomechanicalMotionwithLaserLight. . . 71
AndreasBarg,YeghisheTsaturyan,ErikBelhage,WilliamH.P.Nielsen,
ChristofferB.Møller,andAlbertSchliesser
QuantumRegimeofaFree-ElectronLaser:RelativisticApproach. . . 87
PeterKling,RolandSauerbrey,PaulPreiss,EnnoGiese,RainerEndrich,
andWolfgangP.Schleich
PlayingTrickstoIons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
DietrichLeibfried
vii
viii Contents
CoherenceinLaser-DrivenElectronsattheSurfaceandinthe
VolumeofSolidMatter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
PeterHommelhoff
Atomic“BombTesting”:TheElitzur–VaidmanExperiment
ViolatestheLeggett–GargInequality. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
CarstenRobens,WolfgangAlt,CliveEmary,DieterMeschede,
andAndreaAlberti
AdjacencyGraphsandLong-RangeInteractionsofAtoms
inQuasi-degenerateStates:AppliedGraphTheory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
C.M.Adhikari,V.Debierre,andU.D.Jentschura
Frequency-CombReferencedCollinearLaserSpectroscopyofBe+
forNuclearStructureInvestigationsandMany-BodyQEDTests. . . . 175
A.Krieger,W.N€ortersha¨user,Ch.Geppert,K.Blaum,M.L.Bissell,
N.Fr€ommgen,M.Hammen,K.Kreim,M.Kowalska,J.Kra¨mer,
R.Neugart,G.Neyens,R.Sa´nchez,D.Tiedemann,D.T.Yordanov,
andM.Zakova
High-AccuracyDeep-UVRamsey-combSpectroscopyinKrypton. . . . 207
SandrineGaltier,RobertK.Altmann,LauraS.Dreissen,
andKjeldS.E.Eikema
Phase-Stable,Multi-μJFemtosecondPulsesfromaRepetition-Rate
TunableTi:Sa-Oscillator-SeededYb-FiberAmplifier. . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
T.Saule,S.Holzberger,O.DeVries,M.Pl€otner,J.Limpert,
A.Tünnermann,andI.Pupeza
QuantumElectrodynamics,High-ResolutionSpectroscopy
andFundamentalConstants. . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . 237
SavelyG.KarshenboimandVladimirG.Ivanov
High-PrecisionSpectroscopyoftheHD+Molecule
atthe1-p.p.b.Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
J.Biesheuvel,J.-Ph.Karr,L.Hilico,K.S.E.Eikema,W.Ubachs,
andJ.C.J.Koelemeij
OrientationalDependenceofOpticallyDetectedMagneticResonance
SignalsinLaser-DrivenAtomicMagnetometers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
SimoneColombo,VladimirDolgovskiy,TheoScholtes,ZoranD.Grujic´,
VictorLebedev,andAntoineWeis
AllPolarization-MaintainingFiberLaserArchitectureforRobust
FemtosecondPulseGeneration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
WolfgangHa¨nsel,HeinarHoogland,MicheleGiunta,SebastianSchmid,
TiloSteinmetz,RalfDoubek,PeterMayer,SvenDobner,CarstenCleff,
MarcFischer,andRonaldHolzwarth
Contents ix
A>2-MJ,1014-WLaserSystemforDTFusion—NIF:ANote
inCelebrationofthe75thBirthdayofProf.TheodoreHaensch. . . . . 341
JohnF.HolzrichterandKennethR.Manes
TopologicalSpinModelsinRydbergLattices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
MartinKiffner,EdwardO’Brien,andDieterJaksch
UltrafastOptomechanicalPulsePicking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
NikolaiLilienfein,SimonHolzberger,andIoachimPupeza
ShiftingthePhaseofaCoherentBeamwitha174Ybþ Ion:Influence
oftheScatteringCrossSection. . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . 389
MartinFischer,BharathSrivathsan,LucasAlber,MarkusWeber,
MarkusSondermann,andGerdLeuchs
ThirtyYearsofHydrogenSpectroscopyinParis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Franc¸oisBiraben,LucileJulien,andFranc¸oisNez
ADenseGasofLaser-CooledAtomsforHybrid
Atom–IonTrapping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
BastianH€oltkemeier,JulianGla¨ssel,HenryLo´pez-Carrera,
andMatthiasWeidemüller
ACompactEchelleSpectrographforCharacterization
ofAstro-Combs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
RafaelA.Probst,TiloSteinmetz,YuanjieWu,FrankGrupp,
ThomasUdem,andRonaldHolzwarth
ModeLockingBasedontheTemporalTalbotEffect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
ThomasUdemandAkiraOzawa
T3-InterferometerforAtoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
M.Zimmermann,M.A.Efremov,A.Roura,W.P.Schleich,
S.A.DeSavage,J.P.Davis,A.Srinivasan,F.A.Narducci,S.A.Werner,
andE.M.Rasel
Double-ElectronIonizationDrivenbyInhomogeneousFields. . . . . . . 491
A.Chaco´n,L.Ortmann,F.Cucchietti,N.Sua´rez,J.A.Pe´rez-Herna´ndez,
M.F.Ciappina,A.S.Landsman,andM.Lewenstein
Parity-NonconservingInteraction-InducedLightShiftsinthe
7S1=2–6D3=2 TransitionoftheUltracold210FrAtomstoProbe
NewPhysicsBeyondtheStandardModel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
T.Aoki,Y.Torii,B.K.Sahoo,B.P.Das,K.Harada,T.Hayamizu,
K.Sakamoto,H.Kawamura,T.Inoue,A.Uchiyama,S.Ito,R.Yoshioka,
K.S.Tanaka,M.Itoh,A.Hatakeyama,andY.Sakemi
Single-SlitFocusingandItsRepresentations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
ManuelR.Gonc¸alves,WilliamB.Case,AdyArie,
andWolfgangP.Schleich
x Contents
NonadiabaticMolecularAlignmentofLinearMoleculesProbed
byStrong-FieldIonizationYieldsofPhotoelectrons. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 577
G.Kaya,N.Kaya,J.Strohaber,N.A.Hart,A.A.Kolomenskii,
andH.A.Schuessler
UltracoldMetastableHelium:RamseyFringesandAtom
Interferometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
W.Vassen,R.P.M.J.W.Notermans,R.J.Rengelink,
andR.F.H.J.vanderBeek
MonolayerGrapheneasDissipativeMembraneinanOptical
Resonator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
HendrikM.Meyer,MoritzBreyer,andMichaelK€ohl
CavityRing-UpSpectroscopyforDissipativeandDispersiveSensing
inaWhisperingGalleryModeResonator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629
YongYang,RamgopalMadugani,ShoKasumie,JonathanM.Ward,
andS´ıleNicChormaic
SensitivityandResolutioninFrequencyCombSpectroscopyofBuffer
GasCooledPolyatomicMolecules . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 647
P.BryanChangala,BenSpaun,DavidPatterson,JohnM.Doyle,
andJunYe
LaserPhaseSpectroscopyinClosed-LoopMultilevelSchemes. . . . . . 665
EnnioArimondo
PrecisionMeasurementsandTestofMolecularTheoryinHighly
ExcitedVibrationalStatesofH (v¼11). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679
2
T.MadhuTrivikram,M.L.Niu,P.Wcisło,W.Ubachs,
andE.J.Salumbides
RangingwithFrequency-ShiftedFeedbackLasers:Fromμm-Range
AccuracytoMHz-RangeMeasurementRate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701
J.I.Kim,V.V.Ogurtsov,G.Bonnet,L.P.Yatsenko,andK.Bergmann
AbsorptionSpectroscopyofXenonandEthylene–NobleGasMixtures
atHighPressure:TowardsBose–EinsteinCondensationofVacuum
UltravioletPhotons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729
ChristianWahl,RudolfBrausemann,JulianSchmitt,FrankVewinger,
StavrosChristopoulos,andMartinWeitz
ExtractionofEnhanced,UltrashortLaserPulsesfromaPassive
10-MHzStack-and-DumpCavity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741
SvenBreitkopf,StefanoWunderlich,TinoEidam,EvgenyShestaev,
SimonHolzberger,ThomasGottschall,HenningCarstens,
AndreasTünnermann,IoachimPupeza,andJensLimpert