Expert systems and microwave communication systems alarms

77 Pages·2003·4.83 MB·English

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i):
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/
OW N L TM 1 04 2 9
ENERGY DIVISION
EXPERT SYSTEMS AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION
PROCESSING:
SYSTEMS ALARMS A FEASIBILITY STUDY
Bruce
Tonn
Richard Goeltz
Steve Purucker
-
Date of Issue July 1987
Research sponsored by the
Bonnevi Power Adrni nis tratio n
11e
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37531
ope rated
by
MARTIN MARIETTA ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
for
the
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Under Contract
No. DE-ACE-840R21400
MARTtN MARlfTTA ENEHGY SYSTiMS LIBRARIES
4456 02bb771 B
3

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
................................................
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii
.....................................................
INTRODUCTION 1
. ...
1 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. EXPERT SYSTEMS. AND POWER SYSTEMS 4
...........................................
1.1 A I BACKGROUND .................................... 4
1.2 A I AND POWER SYSTEMS 7
. ............................................
2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 13
..........
2.1 THE MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND A.L.A.R.M.S. ........... 13
2.2 VALUE OF EXPERT SYSTEM ALARM PROCES.S.I.N.G.. ................ 17
2.3 COMMUNICATION ALARMS PROCESS9R 18
THE
. ..............................................
3 PROTOTYPE SCOPE 22
. ......................................
4 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS 24
...................
4.1 EXPERT SYSTEM SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS 24
......
4.1.1 Selection of the Expert System Archit.e.c.t.u.r.e. ....... 24
4.1.2 The Rete Algorithm High Performa.n.c.e. .............. 28
4.1.3 Optional Software Specification 31
.
4.1.4 Expert System Softwa.re. .I.s.s.u.e.s. ...W..e.ig.h.i.n.g. ..........
the Pros and Cons 33
......
4.2 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS 35
. ..........
5 EVALUATIONS SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE CONFIGURATIONS 38
OF
. ....................
6 RECOMMENDATIONS AND PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT 44
.......................................................
REFERENCES 47
.
APPENDIX A PRODUCTION SYSTEM SPE.E.D. .I.M.P.R.O.V.E.M.E.N.T.S. .T.H.R.O.U.G.H. ..........
ADVANCED HARDWARE 50
.
APPENDIX B DATABASE MANA.G.E.M.E.N.T. .S.Y.S.T.E.M.S. .E.V.A.L.U.A.T.I.O.N. ...............
CHECKLIST 52
. .................
APPENDIX C EXPERT SYSTEM SOFTWARE DESCRIPTIONS 55
....
.
APPENDIX D OATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SOFTWARE DESCRIPTIONS 61
iii

LIST OF FIGURES
Page
..............
Figure 2.1. BPA Microwave Communication System 14
.....................
Figure 2.2. Example of CAP Configuration 19
LIST OF TABLES
Page
...............................
Table 1.1. Power SystemlAI 11
Work
...............
Table 1.2. Expert System Features (A Wish List) 12
..................
Table 5.1. Expert System Software Evaluation 39
..........
Tab1 e 5.2. Hardware/Software Con f ig urdt7 ’ on Eva1 utio ns 42
V

SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE
This report presents the products of a study by Oak Ridye National
Lahordtory for the Bonnevil l e Power Administration on the feasihil ity of
an expert system t o process a1 arms emanating frorn Bonnevil le's fvlfcrowave
Communication System Expert systems, a branch of Artificial
(MCS).
Intelligence (AI) , have been cited by the Electrlc Power Research
Institute as an important new research and development area with-in the
power systems community (EPKI 1986). Expert systems could aid i n power
system pl anni ng , design, operation, rnai ntenance, education and trai nln g ,
a l l resulting i n potentially significant improvements i n power system
management and re1 ity. Based on 1 iterature reviews , direct
iabil
research experience, and discussions with Bonnevi 1 l e staff, it i s
concl uded that a1 aniis processing i s an appropriate domai n for expert
systems technology.
A prototype communications a1 ann processing (CAP) would contain a
data base management system (DBMS) as well as an expert system module,
The prototype would encompass an appropriately chal 1 enying subset of
alarin systems, alarm networks, and alarm types. It would be capable of
intelligently processing alariiis, efficiently storing alarm-based
historical data, providing custom reports, and supporting statistical
analysis. Such a system has the potential to improve response to criti-
cal alarms, increase the information content of large volumes of coinpli-
cated data, free operators from performing routine analys,is, and provide
alann information t o operators, management, and field personnel through
queries and automatical ly produced reports.
v ii
The CAP prototype i s a logical project to initiate Bonnevilles'
Artificial Intelligence activities. The communication system applica-
tion i s less critical than a power system application, which means that
mistakes made i n the learning process w i l l not have potentially costly
consequences. The volume of alarms into the prototype w i l l be neither
too large nor too small. The application requires only a relaxed
MCS
real-time response to operators, which i s the conceptual first step
toward designing subsecond response hardware/software configurations.
Lastly, the A I lessons learned and experiences gained i n this project
should be directly transferable to other Bonnevil l e power system
appl ic ati o ns.
The major expert system requirement i s speed. Alanns w i l l need to
be processed i n near real time i f the expert system i s to aid human
MCS operators. Forward chaining, Rete-based algorithms offer the best
processing speed and should form the heart of any expert system software
chosen for the prototype. The software should also offer a powerful
devel opment envi ronment, and some fle xib i1 ity i n knowledge represen-
tation and inferencing. The DBMS module presents no challenges that
numerous cornnierci a1 ly avai 1 ab1 e packages cannot hand1 e. Therefore,
DBMS
selection should be driven by software availability, cost and com-
patibility with the expert system software.
It is recommended that the expert system module of the CAP proto-
type be developed on a dedicated AI workstation using a major, commer-
cial ly avail able expert system devel opirient system. The DBMS prototype
can reside on any convenient computer that can be networked with the AI
v i i i