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EXPERT CONSULTATION AGR PDF

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Preview EXPERT CONSULTATION AGR

PROCEEDINGS EXPERT CONSULTAION ON THE UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES CAIRO, EGYPT 6-8 JUNE, 2004 Compiled and Edited by Dr. Mohamed El Tamzini Dr. Hassan M. El Shaer Senior Agro-Industries & Ex. Vice President Technology Officer, Desert Resarch Centre, FAO Regional Office for the Ministry of Agriculture & Near East, Land Reclamation, Cairo, Egypt Cairo, Egypt Dr. Nabil Hegazi Professor of Microbiology Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University, Giza, Egypt FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS REGIONAL OFFICE FOR THE NEAR EAST Cairo, 2008 (cid:53)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1) 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PREFACE.................................................................................................................................. V INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. VII SESSION I Assessments, Achievements and Strategies............................................................................. 1 Egypt strategies and achievements in the utilization of agricultural residues (AGR) Badawi A. Tantawi, Egypt.......................................................................................................... 3 Integrated management of an environmental element and beneficial utilization of agricultural - plant wastes Abdellatif M.T. Abo-Hegazi, Egypt............................................................................................11 Utilization of agriculture residues for animal feed Hassan M. El Shaer, Egypt.......................................................................................................15 An overview of organic agriculture Youssef A. Hamdi, Egypt...........................................................................................................29 Economic aspects of agricultural residues and potential utilization Said A. El Maksoud, Egypt.........................................................................................................45 Recycling of agricultural residues: Application and uses in horticultural crops Assem Shaltot, Egypt..................................................................................................................53 SESSION II Unconventional Utilization of Agricultural Wastes................................................................55 New approach in development of feed blocks technology in the WANA region Ala D. Salman, Iraq....................................................................................................................57 Charcoal production from agricultural residues (Egypt) Hassan Gomaa, Egypt................................................................................................................79 Farm residues and how to be utilized as compost or methyl bromide replacement Tawfik H. Abd El Moity and Maisa L. Abd El Moneim, Egypt................................................99 Bioremediation of agricultural residues: Role of biodelignifiers Amin S. El Nawawy, Egypt.......................................................................................................109 Management of utilization of agricultural residues Samir A. El-Shimi, Egypt.........................................................................................................113 Agro-industrial waste management and by–products utilization A.A. El-Hissewy & Badawi A. Tanatwi, Egypt.........................................................................119 Silica gel from rice hull and rice straw ash Laila D. El-Mahdy, Laila F. Rezk and Sohair Nazmy, Egypt.................................................131 SESSION III Country Reports......................................................................................................................133 Utilization of farm by-products in animal feeding Fikry El Keraby, Egypt.............................................................................................................135 Agricultural residue management and waste utilization in Iran Arzhang Javadi, Iran................................................................................................................137 The use of agricultural residues in livestock nutrition in Iran Mojtaba Zahedifar, Iran...........................................................................................................157 Biogas technology in Sudan: Potential, experience and future prospective Elyaman F. Mohamed, Sudan..................................................................................................161 The impact of agricultural residues (wastes) utilization on export and organic produces in Turkey Enver Aksoy, Turkey.................................................................................................................169 Utilization of agricultural residues (AGR) in Turkey Bediha Demirozu, Turkey........................................................................................................189 New technologies of valorization of by-products and crop residues in animal nutrition, Tunis Amor Chermiti, Tunis...............................................................................................................203 The use of agricultural residues in feed industry, Saudi Arabia Mosleh Ben Ahmed El-Ghamdy, Saudi Arabia.......................................................................209 ةيدوعس�لا ةيبرعلا ةكلملماب فلاعلأ ا ةعانس� في ةيعارزلا تافلخلما مادختس�ا ةيدوعس�لا ةيبرعلا ةكلملما , يدماغلا دمحا نب حلس�م.....................................................................................210 RECOMMENDATIONS.........................................................................................................222 ANNEXES................................................................................................................................223 List of participants.....................................................................................................................225 Agenda......................................................................................................................................229 PREFACE Increasing world–wide pressure on food resources for human consumption will result in an increasing need to exploit non - conventional resources. This includes all components of agriculture residues as a by-products of the current production technologies. They are renewable and do exist in rather large quantities, and often considered a waste product. The awareness of the economic value of crop residues and agro-industrial by-products is increasing nowadays, including the Middle and Near East regions. There are indications that water resources are dwindling both in quantity and quality, and lands in many countries are depleted/over used. Many countries sapped their resources and energy. Actually, the natural resources base for agriculture in the region is fragile. Agricultural residues and wastes form potentially attractive raw materials form new food and feed sources, as well various utilization in different industries and energy production. The significance of Agricultural Residues is being: • Available in most rural areas, all local communities have their own share in these residues and future activities. • A base for innovative technologies for utilization of these residues, stemmed from the familiarity with, and accumulated knowledge and technical heritage on, locally available agricultural residues. • Renewable material resource and are reasonably cheap. • Source a very practical environment-friendly mean for the preservation of the environment, and eliminates use of pesticides. • Easily accessible, they don’t need sophisticated equipment for their extraction. Numerous advantages could be achieved from utilization of agricultural residues and industrial by- products, mainly: • Creation of new small agro industries in the rural and peri-urban areas. • Generation of new job opportunities, particularly for women in the rural areas. • Use as compost for land reclamation, contributing to addition of new cultivated areas. • Fostering organic agriculture, thus promoting export. • Reduction of both chemical fertilizers and irrigation water • Substitute for fodder production, thus reduce imports of feedstuffs • Reduce the costs of animal and poultry feedstuffs, thus increasing meat production. • Support environmental sanitation, thus increasing opportunity for new clean environment friendly source of energy (methane and ethanol etc.). However, still there are some constraints encountering utilization of agricultural residues, such as: • Poor infrastructure and high cost of transportation. • Lack of database about quantities, location, types, methods of utilization and institutions involved. • Lack of research programmes and strategies for utilization of these residues. • Seasonal availability. • Lack of experience in a special agricultural residues utilization technology, which impedes its production.  • Lack of cooperation between industry and research base specialized in residues utilization. • Lack of cooperation between countries, which permits transfer of information and technologies from one country to the another. • Inadequate national scientific R&D to generate technologies of residues utilization to be adopted. Therefore, the first Expert Consultation Meeting on "The Utilization of Agricultural Residues" was organized by FAO / RNE in cooperation with Agriculture Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt, under the asepsis of His Excellency the Minister of Agriculture and Land Reclamation. It was held in Cairo, Egypt during the period 6-8 June, 2004 to assist participating countries in establishing and/or strengthening the existing institution. This is to build in scientific and technological capabilities (carry R&D, training, strengthen linkages between institution in participating, increase public awareness, establish web sites and Network). Representative scientists from several countries from the Middle East and Near East regions have participated in the meeting, and did enrich the meeting with fruitful discussions and recommendations. I INTRODUCTION The imbalance between population growth and natural resources imposes constraints on world agriculture. A billion of people being added to the human population every ca. 12-13 years necessitates producing enough food on a sustainable basis. Also, natural resources decline; results in shrinking supply of prime agricultural resources accentuated with climate changes that increasingly brings uncertainty. This augment responsibilities and commitment of the world community towards feeding the increasing population and managing the food gap, that is estimated at 34 % and is expected to be 50% by 2050. Sustainability is an approach of utmost priority for various agricultural systems around the world. Basically, it supports successive production along with conserving the agricultural resources, through rationalizing the use of natural resources and recycling of majority, if not all, agricultural outputs. The very costly production of various agricultural systems, in terms of energy consumption and inputs levels, necessitates the inclusion of every component of plant and animal harvest into the agricultural system. In other words, the need arises to economically integrate the non human- consumed harvest components, named as agricultural residues (wastes) being as much as 90% of plant biomass, into the production system. FAO has a particular mandate to assist the member countries, in particular developing countries, in driving agricultural systems of sustainable nature and technology adopting. FAO strongly believe that agricultural residues should be managed properly, and that traditional means need to be supported with workable and efficient technological approaches Therefore, FAO Near East and North Africa Regional office organized the present expert consultation meeting on “The utilization of agricultural residues”, Cairo, Egypt, 6-8 June, 2004. The main objectives are devoted to gather experts of the region to exchange experiences, and to identify potentialities, constraints and new technologies towards recycling the agricultural residues. Seven countries did participate, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tunis and Turkey. In addition, the meeting was enriched by the participation of two private sectors, and several Egyptian experts of wide range of activities in the field. More than 20 contributions were presented during the planned four sessions. The participants agreed on a number of recommendations towards the proper management and the reuse of agricultural residues within the agricultural systems of the region. On behalf of the FAO-RNE, we hope that the present publication would serve experts both at development and research levels. In the meantime, we are looking forward to the application of the recommendations of this important consultation meeting, the due attention of decision makers, and to the follow up from all participants, to make the recommendations a reality. II SESSION I Assessments, Achievements and Strategies

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11765 Nasr City, Cairo - Egypt. Abstract. The present Tomato wastes are characterized by crude protein varying from 22.6 to 35.9%, fat 3.2- Assem Shaltot. Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt. Abstract. Agricultural Residues are produced throughout the world as a by -product of the current.
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