Experiments with Marxism-Leninism in Cold War Southeast Asia PDF
Preview Experiments with Marxism-Leninism in Cold War Southeast Asia
EXPERIMENTS WITH MARXISM-LENINISM IN COLD WAR SOUTHEAST ASIA EXPERIMENTS WITH MARXISM-LENINISM IN COLD WAR SOUTHEAST ASIA EDITED BY MATTHEW GALWAY AND MARC H. OPPER ASIAN STUDIES SERIES MONOGRAPH 16 For Charlotte Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2600, Australia Email: [email protected] Available to download for free at press.anu.edu.au ISBN (print): 9781760465292 ISBN (online): 9781760465308 WorldCat (print): 1336522667 WorldCat (online): 1336522659 DOI: 10.22459/EMLCWSA.2022 This title is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence. The full licence terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Cover design and layout by ANU Press Cover photograph: ‘At an anti-aircraft emplacement in a Laotian liberated area. The fighters and commanders of an air defence unit of the Laotian People’s Liberation Army are studying Chairman Mao’s theories on people’s war. They praise as a great, unassailable truth Chairman Mao’s wise assertion that “imperialism and all reactionaries are paper tigers”.’ China Pictorial 7, 1968, page 35. Public domain. This book is published under the aegis of the Asian Studies Editorial Board of ANU Press. This edition © 2022 ANU Press Contents Abbreviations ix Maps and plates xiii Foreword xv Brantly Womack Introduction 1 Marc H. Opper and Matthew Galway Part One 1. ‘One eye in the chain of the Asian movement’: Muslims adapting Marx in the Dutch East Indies, 1927–42 33 Lin Hongxuan 2. ‘The most dissolute and dishonest’ Khmer to aid China: Hu Nim and indigenising the Maoist ideological system, 1955–77 69 Matthew Galway 3. Buddhist socialism and national identity in colonial and postwar Burma: An analysis of U Nu’s political thought 107 Khine Thant Su 4. Heavier than Mount Banahaw: ‘Five Golden Rays’ and the ‘Filipinisation’ of Maoism 137 Ramon Guillermo, Teo Marasigan, Amado Anthony G. Mendoza III and Dominic Sy 5. Partai Republik Indonesia: Communist exiles and their noncommunist approaches to anticolonialism 165 Kankan Xie Part Two 6. Forging the masses in Malaya: Mass mobilisation, the united front and revolutionary violence in Malaya, 1939–51 199 Marc H. Opper 7. Recycling violence: The theory and practice of reeducation camps in postwar Vietnam 219 Hoang Minh Vu 8. Return to armed revolution: The Pathet Lao and the Chinese Communist Party on paths to national liberation 239 Nicholas R. Zeller 9. ‘Victory of the aggregate strength of the era’: Lê Duẩn, Vietnam and the three revolutionary tidal waves 271 Khuê Diệu Đỗ 10. Becoming Marxist: Ethnic Hmong in the Communist Party of Thailand 299 Ian G. Baird Index 333 Abbreviations AAKC Association d’Amitié Khmero–Chinoise (Khmer–Chinese Friendship Association) AEK Association des Étudiants Khmers (Khmer Students Association) AFPFL Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League (Burma) ARVN Army of the Republic of Vietnam BPP Border Patrol Police (Thailand) CCP Chinese Communist Party CID Criminal Investigation Department Comintern Communist International COSVN Central Office for South Vietnam CPK Communist Party of Kampuchea CPP Communist Party of the Philippines CPT Communist Party of Thailand DBA Dobama Asiayone (We Burmans Association) DEI Dutch East Indies DK Democratic Kampuchea DRV Democratic Republic of Vietnam FGR Five Golden Rays FUNK Front uni national du Kampuchéa (National United Front of Kampuchea) GMD Guomindang GRUNK Gouvernement royal d’union nationale du Kampuchéa (Royal Government of the National Union of Kampuchea) ix EXPERIMENTS WITH MARXISM-LENINISM IN COLD WAR SOUTHEAST ASIA ICP Indochinese Communist Party ICSC International Commission for Supervision and Control LPP Lao People’s Party MCP Malayan Communist Party MNLA Malayan National Liberation Army MPAJA Malayan People’s Anti-Japanese Army NAM Non-Aligned Movement NIS Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (Dutch East Indies Railway Company) NKPM Nederlandsch Koloniale Petroleum Maatschappij (Dutch Colonial Petroleum Corporation) NLHX Neo Lao Hak Xat (Lao Patriotic Front) PARI Partai Republik Indonesia (Indonesian Republican Party) Partindo Partai Indonesia (Indonesia Party) Pathet Lao Lao People’s Liberation Army PCF Parti Communiste Français (French Communist Party) Permi Persatuan Muslim Indonesia (Indonesian Muslim Union) PKI Partai Komunis Indonesia (Communist Party of Indonesia) PLA People’s Liberation Army (China) PLAT People’s Liberation Army of Thailand PNI Partai Nasional Indonesia (Indonesian National Party) PRC People’s Republic of China PSII Partai Sarekat Islam Indonesia (Islamic Association Party of Indonesia) RKU Royal Khmer University RLG Royal Lao Government RVN Republic of Vietnam Saṅgam Saṅgam Rāstr Niyam (Popular Socialist Community) SRV Socialist Republic of Vietnam UEK Union des Etudiants Khmers (Khmer Students Union) x
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