Experimental Techniques in Mineral and Rock Physics: The Schreiber Volume PDF
Preview Experimental Techniques in Mineral and Rock Physics: The Schreiber Volume
Pageoph Topical Volumes Robert C. Liebermann Carl H. Sondergeld Editors Experimental Techniques in Mineral and Rock Physics The Schreiber Volume Experimental U!chniques in Mineral and Rock Physics The Schreiber Volume Edited by Robert C. Liebermann Carl H. Sondergeld 1994 Springer Basel AG Reprint from Pure and Applied Geophysics (PAGEOPH), Volume 141 (1993), No. 2-4 The Editors: Dr. Robert C. Liebermann Dr. Carl H. Sondergeld Center for High Pressure Research Rock Properties Department of Earth and Space Sciences Theoretical Geophysical Research University at Stony Brook Amoco Production Company Research Center Stony Brook, NY 1194 Tulsa, OK 74102 USA USA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Experimental techniques in mineral and rock physics: the Schreiber volume / edited by Robert C. Liebermann, Carl H. Sondergeld. Papers from a symposium held during the fall 1992 meeting of the American Geophysical Union in memory of Edward Schreiber. "Reprinted from Pure and applied geophysics (PAGEOPH), volume 141 (1993), no. 2/4"- -T.p. verso. I. Petrology-Congresses. 2. Mineralogy-Congresses. 3. Rock mechanics-Congresses. I. Schreiber, Edward, 1930- II. Liebermann, R. C. III. Sondergeld, Carl H. QE431.5.E97 1994 552'.06-dc20 Deutsche Bibliothek Cataloging-in-Publication Data Experimental techniques in mineral and rock physics: the Schreiber volume; [reprint from Pure and applied geophysics, Vol. 141 (1993)] / ed. by Robert C. Liebermann; Carl H. Sondergeld - Basel ; Boston ; Berlin : Birkhäuser, 1994. ISBN 978-3-7643-5028-4 ISBN 978-3-0348-5108-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-0348-5108-4 NE: Liebermann, Robert C. [Hrsg.] This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. For any kind of use, permission of the copyright owner must be obtained. © Springer Basel AG 1994 Originally published by Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel in 1994 Printed on acid-free paper produced from chlorine-free pulp 987654321 Contents 209 Introduction, R. C. Liebermann and C. H. Sondergeld 211 Reflections on the career of Edward Schreiber, R. C. Liebermann and W. A. Bassett 215 Publications of Edward Schreiber Rocks and Rock Properties 221 Experimental simulation of plagioclase diagenesis at P-T conditions of 3.5 km burial depth, S. L. Karner and B. C. Schreiber 249 A new exploration tool: Quantitative core characterization, C. H. Sondergeld and C. S. Rai 269 Quasi-static poroelastic parameters in rock and their geophysical applica tions, H. F. Wang 287 Controls on sonic velocity in carbonates, F. S. Anselmetti and G. P. Eberli Acoustic Studies of the Elasticity and Equation of State of Minerals 327 Accuracy in measurements and the temperature and volume dependence of thermoelastic parameters, o. L. Anderson and D. G. Isaak 341 A new ultrasonic interferometer for the determination of equation of state parameters of sub-millimeter single crystals, H. A. Spetzler, G. Chen, S. Whitehead and l. C. Getting 379 Performance of the complete travel-time equation of state at simultaneous high pressure and temperature, H. A. Spetzler and A. Yoneda 393 The elastic properties of single-crystal fayalite as determined by dynamical measurement techniques, D. G. Isaak, E. K. Graham, J. D. Bass and H. Wang 415 Effects of cation disordering in a natural MgAl 0 spinel observed by 2 4 rectangular parallelepiped ultrasonic resonance and Raman measurements, H. Cynn, O. L. Anderson and M. Nicol 445 A high-pressure, high-temperature apparatus for studies of seismic wave dispersion and attenuation, I. Jackson and M. S. Paterson 467 Hot pressing of polycrystals of high-pressure phases of mantle minerals in multi-anvil apparatus, G. D. Gwanmesia, B. Li and R. C. Liebermann Diamond-anvil Cell Experiments 487 Hydrothermal studies in a new diamond anvil cell up to 10 GPa and from -190oe to l2OOoe, W. A. Bassett, A. H. Shen, M. Bucknum and I.-M. Chou 497 Thermal analysis in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell, J. S. Sweeney and D. L. Heinz 509 Deviatoric stress in a diamond anvil cell using synchrotron radiation with two diffraction geometries, T.-C. Wu and W. A. Bassett Rheological Investigations 523 Improvements to Griggs-type apparatus for mechanical testing at high pressures and temperatures, T. N. Tingle, H. W. Green II, T. E. Young and T. A. Koczynski 545 The strength and rheology of commercial tungsten carbide cermets used in high-pressure apparatus, I. C. Getting, G. Chen and J. A. Brown 579 The large volume multi-anvil press as a high P-T deformation apparatus, G. Y. Bussod, T. Katsura and D. C. Rubie 601 The use of sintered diamond anvils in the MA8 type high-pressure appara tus, T. Kondo, H. Sawamoto, A. Yoneda, M. Kato, A. Matsumuro, T. Yagi and T. Kikegawa Advances in High-pressure Calorimetry, Diffusion, Sealing and Calibration 615 Differential scanning calorimetry in a piston-cylinder apparatus: Design and calibration, R. P. Rapp and A. Navrotsky 631 A thin film approach for producing mineral diffusion couples, C. S. Schwandt, R. T. Cygan and H. R. Westrich 643 Determination of phase transition pressures of ZnTe under quasihydro static conditions, K. Kusaba, L. Galoisy, Y. Wang, M. T. Vaughan and D. J. Weidner 653 An improved sealing system for triaxial sample columns, T. Koczynski and E. Schol:: PAGEOPH, Vol. 141, No. 2/3/4 (1993) 0033 -4553/93/040209-0 I $1.50 + 0.20/0 © 1993 Birkhiiuser Verlag, Basel Introduction On December 10-11, 1992, a symposium entitled "Experimental Techniques in Mineral and Rock Physics" was held during the Fall 1992 Meeting of the American Geophysical Union in memory of Edward Schreiber. This symposium dramatized the growth and importance of the field of experimental geophysics which was nurtured in its infancy by researchers like Edward Schreiber. The symposium was convened by two former students and colleagues of Schreiber, Robert C. Lieber mann and Carl H. Sondergeld. A total of fifty papers was contributed to this symposium, including a tribute to Schreiber's career by William A. Bassett. These papers were invited and solicited for their focus on frontier research in the development of experimental technqiues in mineral and rock physics, because this was the realm of geophysics on which Ed Schreiber left his most indelible mark. We were honored by the attendance at the symposium of Ed's wife, Charlotte Schreiber who, with her graduate student colleague, also contributed a paper to the proceedings. On the basis of the success of the Schreiber Symposium, we decided to publish a topical issue of the journal Pure and Applied Geophysics (PAGEOPH) which would include as many of the symposium papers as possible. Authors were permitted to include results and discussion of applications to illustrate their experimental work, but they were explicitly encouraged to submit papers which consisted totally, or largely, of a detailed description of the new experimental techniques in their laboratory. This volume contains 22 papers submitted and reviewed under our auspices as guest Editors of PAGEOPH. These include papers on rock formation and rock properties, acoustic studies of the elasticity and equation of state of minerals, diamond-anvil cell experiments, rheological investigations, and new advances in high-pressure calorimetry, diffusion, and sealing and calibration techniques. We would like to thank Ms. Ann Lattimore for her editorial assistance in helping us to process these papers. The papers in this volume emphasize the merit and the need for careful and precise measurements of the physical properties of rocks and minerals in resolving fundamental problems of global geophysics. It is our final tribute to our dear colleague and friend, Edward Schreiber. Robert C. Liebermann Center for High Pressure Research Mineral Physics Institute University at Stony Brook Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.A. Carl H. Sondergeld Rock Properties Theoretical Geophysical Research Amoco Production Company Research Center Tulsa, OK 74102, U.S.A. PAGEOPH, Vol. 141, No. 2/3/4 (1993) 0033-4553/93/040211-07$1.50 + 0.20/0 © 1993 Birkhiiuser Verlag, Basel Reflections on the Career of Edward Schreiber ROBERT C. LIEBERMANN' and WILLIAM A, BASSETT2 Figure I Photo of Edward Schreiber. I Center for High Pressure Research (An NSF Science and Technology Center), Mineral Physics Institute, University at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.A. 2 Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1503, U.S.A. 212 Robert C. Liebermann and William A. Bassett PAGEOPH, Ed Schreiber's life was taken suddenly and tragically on the morning of November II, 1991 as he was driving to work on the Bronx River Parkway. He was on his way to Queens College, an institution with which he had had a long and valuable association. Ed was born in Brooklyn in 1930. He attended the New York State College of Ceramic Engineering at Alfred University where he received his B.S. degree Magna Cum Laude in 1956 and his Ph.D. degree in 1963. As a graduate student, Ed was inspired by both Taro Takahashi and Orson Anderson. After receiving his Ph.D. degree, Ed joined the staff of Lamont Geological Observatory of Columbia University where he worked with Orson Anderson to establish a new laboratory devoted to the measurement of the physical properties of earth minerals, especially the elastic properties by ultrasonic interferometry tech niques. Over the next 7 years, this Mineral Physics Laboratory (the name coined by Ed) published more than 70 research papers on ultrasonic measurements at high pressures and temperatures, development of new experimental techniques, equa tions of state, and applications to the Earth and moon. The name Mineral Physics was subsequently adopted by the AGU's Committee on Mineral Physics and has come to be a part of the vocabulary of researchers around the world. Ed was the consummate "indoor geologist" who brought a remarkable combi nation of background in ceramics and experimental physics to the task of perform ing careful and precise measurements of the elastic and other thermophysical properties of minerals and publishing data whose significance is demonstrated by the fact that they are still quoted and used more than 25 years later. However, he also enjoyed geological field work, whether it was on the diatremes of the Four Corners area looking for fragments of the mantle or in Italy assisting his wife and colleague Charlotte on her sedimentological investigations. Perhaps one of the most famous papers to appear in SCIENCE magazine was written by Ed Schreiber and Orson Anderson in 1970 and entitled: 'Properties and composition of lunar materials: Earth analogies." It is a classic and we would like to share parts of it with you; even if you are familiar with this paper, we hope you will enjoy this recollection. Seismographs were left behind on the lunar surface by the Apollo missions to record the travel times of sound waves through lunar rocks. Measurements by these seismographs yielded extraordinarily low velocities for lunar rocks. Puzzled by these data, Schreiber and Anderson made some laboratory studies of rocks and other terrestrial materials. We quote: "To account for this very low velocity, we decided to consider materials other than those listed initially by Birch or the later more detailed compilations of Anderson and Liebermann. The search was aided by considerations of much earlier specula tions concerning the nature of the moon (Erasmus, 1542), and a significant group of materials was found which have velocities that cluster around those actually observed for lunar rocks (Fig. 2)."
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