Expanding Process: Exploring Philosophical and Theological Transformations in China and the West

252 Pages·2008·3.474 MB·English

by  Berthrong, John H.

PROCESS
EXPANDING
PHILOSOPHY / EASTERN THOUGHT
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John H. Berthrong
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AN: 256907 ; Berthrong, John H..; Expanding Process : Exploring Philosophical and Theological Transformations in China
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Account: s5122861
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AN: 256907 ; Berthrong, John H..; Expanding Process : Exploring Philosophical and Theological Transformations in China
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AN: 256907 ; Berthrong, John H..; Expanding Process : Exploring Philosophical and Theological Transformations in China
and the West
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h The cover illustration is a Catherine Wheel of Ideas and Ideals by E. N. Berthrong © 2008.
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Berthrong, John H.
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ew the West / John H. Berthrong.
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ed 1 Introduction 1
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ou Anyone fascinated by the Daodejing, the Zhuangzi, and the Liezi, classical
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wi Confucian thought and later Song neo-Confucian revivals, as well as prag-

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or matism, naturalism, and the process movement in philosophy and theology
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y inspired by Alfred North Whitehead is bound to have a strong fascination
n
a
n with the topic of process, change, and transformation. Though I did not con-
i

ed sciously plan it thus when I began the project, Expanding Process has become
c
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d the last of a trilogy of works, proceeded by All under Heaven and Concern-
o
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ep ing Creativity (both published previously by the State University of New York
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be Press) about how themes of process philosophy in both Asia and the West are

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o becoming increasingly great parts of the growing world of global philosophy
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ay in the twenty-first century.
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d. The first inspiration for the book was the recognition that the concept
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er of process, change, transformation, or creativity is one of those wonder-
s
re fully protean ideas that drive philosophers and intellectual historians crazy

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ht because it is so hard to define—both in the West and in China. While “pro-
g
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r cess” might not a hero with a thousand faces, it is a term that has diverse
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Al and changing manifestations in different cultural settings. In this book I

.
ss will explore only a limited way how the notion of process is framed in one
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o Confucian and Daoist traditions. Dorothy Emmet perfectly caught the
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ew nature of the problem in writing:
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AN: 256907 ; Berthrong, John H..; Expanding Process : Exploring Philosophical and Theological Transformations in China
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ted viii PREFACE
t
i
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p As we shall see, the concept of process is a perfect example of a middle-
s
se range philosophical concept. This is quite clear when we review the Chinese
u

ir thinkers in chapters 2, 3 and 4. There are the grand ideas of Chinese Confu-
a
f
t cian and Daoist philosophy such as the Dao 道 or tian 天 that govern the onto-
p
ce logical and cosmological visions of these traditions. In the West they would
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, be comparable to the notion of God, the cosmos, nature, the way things are,
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sh or, for someone like Buchler in the naturalist tradition, a natural complex.
i
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b Then there are the concepts that govern the opposite end of the cosmological
u
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e and ontological spectrum—such as things, events, or the stuff of mundane
h
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m life, the cabbages and kings of the lifeworld of persons in all kinds of cultures.
o
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f These are the wonderfully variegated superfluous things that give our quotid-

n
io ian lives such a rich and concrete texture. Between the cosmic and the quo-
s
s
mi tidian dwell notions such as process, change, transformation, and creativity.
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e
p In Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy (2002) Zhang Dainian demonstrates
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ou how this is the case in Chinese philosophy by showing the place of concepts
h
t
wi such as numinous transformation and the various forms of change that play

m
or an important role in Chinese intellectual history.
f
y The second inspiration of the study was Nicholas Rescher’s Process Meta-
n
a
n physics (1996). In this succinct historical and philosophical appreciation of
i

ed the notion of process in the history of Western philosophy, Rescher makes the
c
u
d point that themes of process, change, and creativity are found beyond the con-
o
r
ep fines of the mature process thought of A. N. Whitehead and the philosophical
r

be and theological schools he helped to found. It struck me, accepting Rescher’s

t
o irenic challenge, that it would make a great deal of sense to add another set of
n

ay voices to the discussion of the concept of process by engaging Confucian and
M

d. Daoist philosophers and texts. What would “process metaphysics” look like if
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er we added, as we should at the beginning of the twenty-first century, dialogue
s
re partners from the two great philosophical and religious traditions of China:

s
ht the broad paths of Confucian and Daoist thought. To use a common meta-
g
i
r phor these days, what is on the Chinese radar that is off the North American
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Al screen, and vice versa?

.
ss I choose to focus on the Confucian tradition by examining key think-
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P ers during the two of the most creative and novel periods in the history of
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Yo Chinese thought,—namely, the work of Xunzi 荀子 at the end of the Warring

ew States period (480–221 BCE), and Zhu Xi 朱 熹 (1130–1200) and his students
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AN: 256907 ; Berthrong, John H..; Expanding Process : Exploring Philosophical and Theological Transformations in China
and the West
Account: s5122861
ted PREFACE ix
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p for Daoists of all stripes. The second chapter charts the notion of process in
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se the Xunzi, the third chapter does the same for the Liezi, and the fourth chapter
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ir concludes the Chinese section of the study by looking carefully at the work of
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t Zhu Xi and his daoxue 道學 school and how they inherited classical and medi-
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ce eval notions of process and forged them into a new synthesis that dominated
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, Chinese intellectual life for the next eight hundred years.
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sh In order to give some specificity in terms of Western philosophy to
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b my three Chinese dialogue partners, I choose the closely related American
u
p
e schools of pragmatism, naturalism, and process thought as conversation
h
t
m allies. I fully recognize that Whitehead was quintessentially English, but his
o
r
f period of constructive speculative philosophy was conducted while he was

n
io teaching at Harvard and proved to be highly stimulating to his American
s
s
mi colleagues. Whitehead also recognized the close links between his philoso-
r
e
p phy and that of the pragmatists. I have merely linked pragmatists, process
t
ou thinkers, and the American naturalists—all first cousins—to forge my North
h
t
wi American bricolage in order to balance my three Chinese dialogue partners.

m
or Moreover, I hope to demonstrate that the naturalists, the least known of the
f
y American threesome, have a contribution to make to the now global discus-
n
a
n sion of the concept of process along with process philosophers and pragma-
i

ed tists of all persuasions. The fifth and concluding chapter returns to the North
c
u
d American present and looks at how the three forms of contemporary Western
o
r
ep philosophy can dialogue with Chinese philosophers and texts from various
r

be periods in Chinese intellectual history.

t
o At the end of the work I have also added an appendix entitled “The
n

ay Alchemy of Process.” At one point I was planning to explore the completely
M

d. alternative universe of discourse, of the Western occult and esoteric tradition
e
v
er going—and so back at least as far back as the Majorcan theologian, philoso-
s
re pher, and mystic Ramon Llull (1232–1316)—as a counterpoint to the more

s
ht sober Chinese and Western philosophers I was studying and as a colleague
g
i
r for the author of the Liezi. While I found this a fascinating arena in which to
l
Al explore the notions of process, I quickly discovered that it was historically,

.
ss religiously, and philosophically too complex and obscure for me to compose
e
r
P a companion chapter to the other five. Nonetheless, as an appendix I want
k
r
o to offer these first investigations as an indication that the study of process
Y

ew and change in the Western occult and esoteric tradition probably would more
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/2/2019 5:02 PM via HEBREW UNIV OF JERUSALEM
AN: 256907 ; Berthrong, John H..; Expanding Process : Exploring Philosophical and Theological Transformations in China
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