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Expanding Blaze: How the American Revolution Ignited the World, 1775-1848 PDF

769 Pages·2017·30.757 MB·English
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The Expanding Blaze The Expanding Blaze How THE AmEricAn rEvoluTion igniTEd THE world, 1775– 1848 Jonathan Israel Princeton university Press Princeton & Oxford copyright © 2017 by Princeton university Press Published by Princeton university Press, 41 william Street, Princeton, new Jersey 08540 in the united Kingdom: Princeton university Press, 6 oxford Street, woodstock, oxfordshire oX20 1Tr press.princeton.edu Jacket art courtesy of manchester libraries, information and Archives, manchester city council All rights reserved iSBn 978– 0- 691– 17660– 4 British library cataloging- in- Publication data is available This book has been composed in Ehrhardt mT Std Printed on acid- free paper. ∞ Printed in the united States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 From that bright spark which first illumed these lands, See Europe kindling, as the blaze expands, Each gloomy tyrant, sworn to chain the mind, Presumes no more to trample on mankind: Even potent louis trembles on his throne, The generous prince who made our cause his own, . . .  — Philip Freneau, On the Prospect of a Revolution in France (march 1790) contents List of Illustrations ix introduction: The American revolution and the origins of democratic modernity 1 1. First rumblings 25 2. A republican revolution 36 3. revolutionary constitutionalism and the Federal union (1776– 90) 70 4. Schooling republicans 90 5. Benjamin Franklin: “American icon”? 113 6. Black Emancipation: confronting Slavery in the new republic 140 7. Expropriating the native Americans 158 8. whites dispossessed 174 9. canada: An ideological conflict 191 10. John Adams’s “American revolution” 211 11. Jefferson’s French revolution 246 12. A Tragic case: The irish revolution (1775– 98) 285 13. America’s “conservative Turn”: The Emerging “Party System” in the 1790s 321 14. America and the Haitian revolution 361 15. louisiana and the Principles of ’76 385 16. A revolutionary Era: napoleon, Spain, and the Americas (1808– 15) 423 viii / Contents 17. reaction, radicalism, and Américanisme under “the restoration” (1814– 30) 456 18. The greek revolution (1770– 1830) 495 19. The Freedom- Fighters of the 1830s 512 20. The revolutions of 1848: democratic republicanism versus Socialism 547 21. American reaction (1848– 52) 568 conclusion: “Exceptionalism,” Populism, and the radical Enlightenment’s demise 600 Notes 615 Bibliography 683 Index 727 illustrations The “cow of British commerce” dehorned before Philadelphia (1775) 27 Title page of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense (Philadelphia, 1776) and portrait of Thomas Paine (1737– 1809), engraving from a painting by george romney (c. 1792) 47–48 The Battle of Princeton, 3 January 1777 66 Jefferson and madison’s “university of virginia” in 1826 105 Benjamin Franklin (1706– 90), by Joseph- Siffred duplessis (1725– 1802) painted in Paris around 1778 123 The two sides of Franklin’s propaganda medal “libertas Americana” by Augustin dupré (1781) 129 The American rattlesnake presenting monsieur his Ally with a dish of Frogs 131 John Adams (1735– 1826), by revolutionary war artist John Trumbull, c. 1793 213 The marquis de condorcet (1743– 94), engraving after Augustin de Saint- Aubin 256 lafayette as commander of the Paris national guard, 1790 265 “The irish rebellion” (1798), by the British caricaturist James gillray (1756– 1815) 316 Triumph of liberty, dedicated to its defenders in America, c. 1793 333 “The Providential detection” (1797); divine providence keeps a protective eye on America 344 “The Paris monster” (1797), political cartoon depicting the Franco- American diplomatic imbroglio of 1797– 98 349

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