Exorcising the ghost of Westphalia : building world order in the new millennium

324 Pages·2002·13.768 MB·English

by  Jr. Charles W. Kegley, Gregory A. Raymond

Exorcising
THE Ghost of
Westphalia
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GREGORY A. RAYMOND
Prentice Hall Studies in International Relations
Enduring Questions in Changing Times

Prentice Hall Studies
IN International Relations
Enduring Questions in Changing Times
Charles W. Kegley,Jr., Series Editor
In the era of globalization in the twenty-first century, people cannot afford to
ignore the impact of international relations on their future. From the value of
one’s investments to the quality of the air one breathes, international relations
matter. The instantaneous spread of communications throughout the world is
making for the internationalization of all phenomena, while the distinction
between the domestic and the foreign, the public and the private, and the
national and the international is vanishing. Globalization is an accelerating
trend that is transforming how virtually every field of study in the social sci¬
ences is being investigated and taught.
Contemporary scholarship has made bold advances in understanding the
many facets of international relations. It has also laid a firm foundation for
interpreting the major forces and factors that are shaping the global future.
To introduce the latest research findings and theoretical commentary, a
new publication series has been launched. Prentice Hall Studies in International
Relations: Enduring Questions in Changing Times presents books that focus on the
issues, controversies, and trends that are defining the central topics dominating
discussion about international relations.
Series Editor
Charles W. Kegley, Jr.
University of South Carolina
Series Editorial Advisory Board
Shannon Lindsey Blanton Craig Murphy
University of Memphis Wellesley College
Linda P. Brady Nicholas G. Onuf
Georgia Institute of Technology Florida International University
Leann Brown Gregory A. Raymond
University of Florida Boise State University
Steve Chan Neil R. Richardson
University of Colorado, Boulder University of Wisconsin
William A. Clark Volker Rittberger
Louisiana State University Eberhard-Karls-Universitat Tubingen
Charles F. Hermann J. Martin Rochester
Texas A & M University University of Missouri, St. Louis
Margaret G. Hermann Joel Rosenthal
Syracuse University Carnegie Council on Ethics
and International Affairs
Ole R. Holsti
Alpo Rusi
Duke University
Helsinki University
Steve W. Hook
Peter Schraeder
Kent State University
Loyola University, Chicago
Loch K. Johnson
Bengt Simdelius
University of Georgia
Uppsala University
Christopher C. Joyner
John Vasquez
Georgetown University
Vanderbilt University
Joseph Lepgold
Thomas Volgy
Georgetown University
University of Arizona
Jack S. Levy
Rutgers University
Exorcising the Ghost
of Westphalia
Building World Order
in the New Miliennium
Charles W. Kegley, Jr.
University of South Carolina
Gregory A. Raymond
Boise State University
Upper Saddle River, Newjersey 07458
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kegley, Charles W.
Exorcising the ghost of Westphalia : building world order in the new millennium /
Charles W. Kegley, Jr., Gregory A. Raymond.—1st ed.
p. cm. — (Prentice Hall Studies in international relations. Enduring questions in
changing times)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-13-016302-3 (pbk.)
1. Thirty Years’War, 1618-1648—History. 2. Peace of Westphalia (1648)—History. 3.
Intemadonal relations—Sources. I. Raymond, Gregory A. II. Title. III. Series.
JZ1330 .K44 2002
940.2'41—dc21 00-069884
VP, Editorial Director: Laura Pearson
Senior Acquisitions Editor: Heather Shelstad
Assistant Editor: Brian Prybella
Editorial/production supervision and interior design: Mary Araneo
Director of Marketing: Beth Gillett Mejia
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Cover Designer: Bruce Kenselaar
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This book was set in 10/12 New Baskerville by A & A Publishing Services, Inc.,
and was printed and bound by Courier Companies, Inc. The cover was
printed by Phoenix Color Corp.
© 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NewJersey 07458
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be
reproduced, in any form or by any means,
without permission in writing from the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America
10 987654321
ISBN D-13-Dlb3DE-3
Prentice-Hall International (UK) Limited, London
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In loving expectations for my daughter:
Suzanne Mitchell Douglas (1969- )
CWK
In loving memory of my maternal grandmother:
Julia Franko Skalicky (1889-1966)
GAR
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Contents
About the Authors xi
Preface xiii
Introduction 1
Part I: The Thirty Years’ War and the Genesis
of the Modern internationai System:
A Proiogue to the Future 7
Chapter 1
The Causes of the Thirty Years’ War 12
The Controversial Roots of the Thirty Years’ War 16
Faith, Fatherland, or Finance? Preconditions for War
in Sixteenth-Century Europe 17
The Intellectual Origins of International Conflict 17
A Struggle between Authority and Anarchy 19
A War Produced by Profit and Prosperity 24
Politics and Religion in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth
Centuries 25
A War between Religious Confessions J 26
Military Answers to Theological and Political Questions 49
Viii CONTENTS
Chapter 2
The Evolutionary Course of the Thirty Years’ War 51
The 1618-1620 Bohemian Phase 55
The Defenestration of Prague 56
The Empire Strikes Back 58
The 1620-1624 Palatinate Phase 60
The 1625-1629 Danish Phase 62
Wallenstein’s Long Shadow 65
The Empire’s Drive for Dominion 65
The Edict of Restitution 67
Church and State Relations in the Tumult of War 67
The 1630-1635 Swedish Phase 69
Gustavus Adolphus Enters the War 69
Cardinal Richelieu Orchestrates Erench Involvement 71
Countering the Counter-Reformation 75
The 1635-1648 Franco-Swedish Phase 78
Richelieu and the Ascendance of Raison dEtat 78
The Einal Phase of the War 80
The Rocky Road to Peace 82
The Eleventh Hour of the Thirty Years ’ War 83
Chapter 3
The Costs of the Thirty Years’ War 86
A World Destroyed 87
Why Did the War Last? 90
The War’s Consequences 94
The Collapse of Civil Culture 94
The Collapse of Prosperity 95
The Collapse of Christian Unity 96
The Collapse of Legal Constraints on Warfare 96
How the War Ended 97
Part II: The Peace of Westphalia’s Blueprint
for I nternational Relations 101
Chapter 4
Negotiating the Peace Settlement 108
Ending the Thirty Years’War 109
The Terms of the Settlement 111
Decisions on Material Issues 112
Decisions on the Rules of Statecraft 117
Contending Interpretations of the Peace Settlement 123