exodus ThiscommentaryviewsExodusasaculturaldocument,preservingthecollective memoriesoftheIsraelitesandrelatingthemtothemajorinstitutionsandbeliefsthat emergedbytheendoftheperiodoftheHebrewBible.Itisintendedtohelpthereader followthestorylineofExodus,understanditssocioculturalcontext,appreciateits literary features, recognize its major themes and values, and note its interpretive andmoralproblems.Itexplainsimportantconceptsandtermsasexpressedinthe HebreworiginalsothatbothpeoplewhoknowHebrewandthosewhodonotwill beabletofollowthediscussion. CarolMeyersistheMaryGraceWilsonProfessorintheDepartmentofReligionat DukeUniversity.Meyershasauthored,co-authored,oreditedsuchbooksasHaggai and Zechariah 1–8 and Zechariah 9–14, The Excavations of the Ancient Synagogue atGushHalav,DiscoveringEve:AncientIsraeliteWomeninContext,andWomen in Scripture:ADictionaryoftheNamedandUnnamedWomenintheHebrewBible,the Apocryphal/DeuterocanonicalBooks,andtheNewTestament. new cambridge bible commentary generaleditor: BenWitheringtonIII hebrewbible/oldtestamenteditor: BillT.Arnold editorialboard BillT.Arnold,AsburyTheologicalSeminary JamesD.G.Dunn,UniversityofDurham MichaelV.Fox,UniversityofWisconsin–Madison RobertP.Gordon,UniversityofCambridge JudithGundry-Volf,YaleUniversity BenWitheringtonIII,AsburyTheologicalSeminary TheNewCambridgeBibleCommentary(NCBC)aimstoelucidatetheHebrewand Christian Scriptures for a wide range of intellectually curious individuals. While buildingontheworkandreputationoftheCambridgeBibleCommentarypopular inthe1960sand1970s,theNCBCtakesadvantageofmanyoftherewardsprovided by scholarly research over the last four decades. Volumes utilize recent gains in rhetoricalcriticism,socialscientificstudyoftheScriptures,narrativecriticism,and other developing disciplines to exploit advances in biblical studies. Accessible, jargon-free commentary, an annotated “Suggested Reading” list, and the entire NewRevisedStandardVersion(NRSV)textunderdiscussionarethehallmarksof allvolumesintheseries. publishedvolumesintheseries JudgesandRuth,VictorH.Matthews 1–2Corinthians,CraigS.Keener JamesandJude,WilliamF.BrosendII Revelation,BenWitheringtonIII forthcomingvolumes Genesis,BillT.Arnold Deuteronomy,BrentStrawn Joshua,DouglasA.Knight 1–2Chronicles,WilliamM.Schniedewind Psalms1–72,WalterBrueggemannandPatrickD.Miller Psalms73–150,WalterBrueggemannandPatrickD.Miller Isaiah1–39,DavidBaer Jeremiah,BaruchHalpern Hosea,Joel,andAmos,J.J.M.Roberts TheGospelofMatthew,CraigA.Evans TheGospelofLuke,Amy-JillLevineandBenWitheringtonIII TheGospelofJohn,JeromeH.Neyrey TheLettersofJohn,DuaneF.Watson E xodus (cid:1) Carol Meyers DukeUniversity cambridgeuniversitypress Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo CambridgeUniversityPress 40West20thStreet,NewYork,ny10011-4211,usa www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521807814 (cid:1)C CambridgeUniversityPress2005 Thisbookisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2005 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Meyers,CarolL. Exodus/CarolMeyers. p. cm.–(NewCambridgeBibleCommentary) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn0-521-80781-6(hardcover)–isbn0-521-00291-5(pbk.) 1.Bible.O.T.Exodus–Commentaries. I.Title II.Series. bs1245.53.m49 2005 222(cid:2).12077–dc22 2004027721 isbn-13 978-0-521-80781-4hardback isbn-10 0-521-80781-6hardback isbn-13 978-0-521-00291-2paperback isbn-10 0-521-00291-5paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityfor thepersistenceoraccuracyofurlsforexternalor third-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhisbook anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch Websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. T oBaruchA.LevineandNahumM.Sarna Contents (cid:1) ListofTables page xi ListofSupplementarySections xiii Preface xv AWordaboutCitations xix ListofAbbreviations xxi i. introduction 1 Exodus,theExodus,andthePast 2 Moses,God,andMidian 12 FormationandStructure 16 NotetoReaders 18 ii. suggested readings on exodus 21 Commentaries 22 ReferenceWorks 24 NearEasternLiterature 26 SpecialStudies1:Exodus,Moses,Sinai 26 SpecialStudies2:TreatyandCovenant 27 SpecialStudies3:DecalogueandLaw 28 SpecialStudies4:Sanctuaries,Cult,andPriesthood 29 AdditionalResources 30 iii. commentary part i. israel in egypt – exodus 1–15:21 32 TheOppression–Exodus1 32 TheEmergenceofMoses–Exodus2:1–25 38 Moses’CallandMission–Exodus3:1–7:7 46 Signs-and-Wonders(NineCalamities)–Exodus7:8–10:29 71 ix
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