Existence, Culture, and Persons - The Ontology of Roman Ingarden PDF
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Arkadiusz Chrudzimski (Ed.) Existence, Culture, and Persons P H E N O M E N O L O G Y & M I N D Herausgegeben von / Edited by Arkadiusz Chrudzimski • Wolfgang Huemer Band 5 / Volume 5 Arkadiusz Chrudzimski (Ed.) Existence, Culture, and Persons The Ontology of Roman Ingarden ontos verl ag Frankfurt I Paris I Ebikon I Lancaster I New Brunswick Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de North and South America by Transaction Books Rutgers University Piscataway, NJ 08854-8042 [email protected] United Kingdom, Ire, Iceland, Turkey, Malta, Portugal by Gazelle Books Services Limited White Cross Mills Hightown LANCASTER, LA1 4XS [email protected] 2005 ontos verlag P.O. Box 15 41, D-63133 Heusenstamm nr Frankfurt www.ontosverlag.com ISBN 3-937202-84-6 2005 No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in retrieval systems or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use of the purchaser of the work Printed on acid-free paper ISO-Norm 970-6 FSC-certified (Forest Stewardship Council) This hardcover binding meets the International Library standard Printed in Germany by buch bücher dd ag Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................................... 7 Substances, States, Processes, Events. Ingarden and the Analytic Theory of Objects .......................................... 9 GREGOR HAEFLIGER / GUIDO KÜNG Ingarden and the Ontology of Dependence ............................................. 39 PETER SIMONS Roman Ingarden’s Ontology: Existential Dependence, Substances, Ideas, and Other Things Empiricists Do not Like ............................................ 55 DANIEL VON WACHTER Brentano, Husserl und Ingarden über die intentionalen Gegenstände ..... 83 ARKADIUSZ CHRUDZIMSKI Ingarden and the Ontology of Cultural Objects .......................................115 AMIE L. THOMASSON Concretization, Literary Criticism, and the Life of the Literary Work of Art .....................................................................137 JEFF MITSCHERLING Ingarden: From Phenomenological Realism to Moral Realism ............. 159 EDWARD SWIDERSKI Roman Ingardens Ontologie und die Welt ............................................ 191 ANDRZEJ PÓŁTAWSKI Notes on Contributors ...................................................................... 221 Index of Names ................................................................................ 225 Introduction Roman Ingarden (1893–1970) belonged to those phenomenologists who never accepted Husserl’s transcendental idealism. Beginning with the Be- merkungen zum Problem ‘Idealismus-Realismus’ (1929) he devoted a great part of his intellectual energy to the analytical studies in which he hoped to develop an ontological framework suitable for an ultimate refutation of Husserl’s idealistic doctrine. The most important of his works, like the monumental Controversy over the Existence of the World (Polish edition 1947, German edition 1964/65) or The Literary Work of Art (1931) were explicitly classified by their author as such preparatory studies; and even in his later “personalist” studies, like Über die Verantwortung (1970), he still returned to the old realism / idealism problem. Nonetheless, it would be a huge mistake to think that a study of Ingar- den’s work could be valuable only for those who are fascinated by all the subtleties of the Husserlian tradition or esoteric dialectics of the idealism / realism debate. Gregor Haefliger and Guido Küng are perfectly right, when they write about The Controversy over the Existence of the World that “[a] contemporary ontologist may find it more interesting to read this study […] not in connection with the realism / idealism controversy, but as a treasury of numerous ontological distinctions, problem formulations, and detailed analyses” (p. 9 in this volume), and exactly the same holds also for Ingarden’s other “preparatory” works. Actually, the majority of philosophers who find Ingarden’s work valuable and inspiring belong to the growing community of “naïve” or “straight” realists who typically don’t even consider transcendental ideal- ism as a serious philosophical option. Ironically, the main goal of Ingar- den’s philosophical struggle – the refutation of idealism – remained some- thing that very few of his reader are really interested in. Most of the papers collected in this volume follow this strand of Ingar- den’s reception. The first three articles concern the basic ontological cate- gories and distinctions. Gregor Haefliger and Guido Küng concentrate on categories of substance, state, process, and event, and compare Ingarden’s solutions with some contemporary developments. Peter Simons investi- gates several concepts of ontological dependence that are central for the especially Ingardenian branch of ontology that Ingarden called “existential Existence, Culture, and Persons: The Ontology of Roman Ingarden. Arkadiusz Chrudzimski (ed.), Frankfurt: ontos, 2005, 7–8. Brought to you by | provisional account Unauthenticated Download Date | 1/8/20 11:39 AM 8 INTRODUCTION ontology”. Daniel von Wachter proposes “a Europe-in-seven-days tour through Ingarden’s ontology” (p. 55 in this volume). The next three papers concern the topic of Ingarden’s philosophy that happened to become the best known of his achievements: the philosophy of fiction and of cultural objects. Arkadiusz Chrudzimski sketches the general problematic of intentional objects and argues that they are by no means useless fictions. Amie L. Thomasson presents an Ingardenian ontol- ogy of social and cultural objects such as money, churches, and flags. Finally, Jeff Mitscherling investigates the difficult topic of the “life” of a literary work of art. The last two papers open a somewhat wider perspective on Ingarden’s work. Edward Swiderski points out an interesting change of perspective that occurred in Ingarden’s late work, which was devoted to the problem of responsibility. He argues that there is a tension between the hypothetical- scientific and phenomenological sides of his philosophy. Andrzej Pół- tawski tries to answer the question of what Ingarden’s ontology would look like if he developed it according to his deeply personalist picture of the world. I would also like to thank all of the contributors who have made this col- lection possible. My particular thanks go Anna Sierszulska, who translated the paper by Gregor Haefliger and Guido Küng from German and to Brian Armstrong, Johannes Brandl, Norbert Gratzl, and Edward Swiderski for their help with proofreading the English and German contributions. My work was supported by the Austrian Fonds zur Förderung der wissen- schaftlichen Forschung (FWF). Last but not least: Ingarden was not only a great thinker but also an ex- cellent teacher and I want to dedicate this book to the memory of his most famous student: Karol Wojtyła – John Paul II (1920–2005). The editor Salzburg, April 2005 Brought to you by | provisional account Unauthenticated Download Date | 1/8/20 11:39 AM Substances, States, Processes, Events. Ingarden and the Analytic Theory of Objects∗ GREGOR HAEFLIGER / GUIDO KÜNG Decisively influenced by the phenomenologists in Göttingen, in 1913, the year in which Ideas I appeared, Ingarden set himself the task of examining Husserl’s transcendental idealism.1 The systematic results of these investi- gations are contained in his monumental main work, Der Streit um die Existenz der Welt (The Controversy over the Existence of the World).2 A contemporary ontologist may find it more interesting to read this study, which in fact remained unfinished, not in connection with the realism / idealism controversy, but as a treasury of numerous ontological distinc- tions, problem formulations, and detailed analyses. A good example is Ingarden’s distinction, in the style of analytic object-theory (Gegenstands- theorie), among substances (‘things’), states of substances, processes,3 and events. However, we would like to begin with a presentation of Ingarden’s conception of ontology, in order to show its connection with the analytic theory of objects. ∗ The original German version of this paper appeared as: Gregor Haefliger / Guido Küng, “Substanzen, Zustände, Prozesse, Ereignisse: Ingarden und die analytische Ge- genstandstheorie” in: Hans Rainer Sepp (ed.), Die Münchener-Göttinger Phänomeno- logie (Orbis Phaenomenologicus. Perspektiven), Würzburg: Königshausen & Neu- mann 2006. With kind permission of the editor. 1 On the development of his considerations cf. Haefliger (2); (3). 2 Cf. Küng (2); Haefliger (2). 3 In the Polish edition of Der Streit Ingarden uses the expression ‘proces’, while in the German edition, beside and instead of the expression ‘Prozess’, mostly the expression ‘Vorgang’ is used. The English expression ‘process’ is as a rule synonymous with ‘Prozess’, or to be precise ‘Vorgang’, as Ingarden understands these expressions, whereas the English expressions ‘event’ and ‘occurrent’ may mean either processes or events in Ingarden’s sense. Existence, Culture, and Persons: The Ontology of Roman Ingarden. Arkadiusz Chrudzimski (ed.), Frankfurt: ontos, 2005, 9–37. Unauthenticated Download Date | 7/11/16 11:49 PM
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