Ex Situ Storage Of Seeds Pollen And In Vitro Cultures Of Perennial Woody Plant Species Fao Forestry Paper 113 PDF
Preview Ex Situ Storage Of Seeds Pollen And In Vitro Cultures Of Perennial Woody Plant Species Fao Forestry Paper 113
Ex situ storage and of seeds, oollen in vitro cu tures of woody perennial plant species Based on the work of Ben S. P. Wang Pierre J. Charest Bruce Downie Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or areaorofitsauthorities, orconcerning the delimitation ofits frontiers or boundaries. M-31 ISBN 92-5-1 03385-4 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechani- cal, photocopyingorotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofthecopyrightowner. Applications forsuch permission, with astatementof thepurpose and extentofthe reproduction, should beaddressed tothe Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. FAO 1993 FOREWORD Following a review undertaken within the framework of FAO's Regular Programme in the early 1 980s on ex situ conservation of forest genetic resources, the Seventh Session of the FAO Panel of Experts on Forest Gene Resources, held in December 1 989, recommended that an updated document be prepared on the potential role of this strategy as a complement to the more frequently applied in situ conservation strategies. This recommendation was made in the light of new methodologies and technology available for the storage of seeds, pollen and tissue of plant species. While recognizing the value of live collections and ex situ conservation stands, the present document, which is based on the work of a team of scientists of the Petawawa National Forestry Institute in Canada and discussions and contacts with a great number of scientists, worldwide, concentrates on ex situ storage methodologies. In this rapidly changing and developing field, it reports on the status and prospects as perceived at the present time (July 1993). We hope to complement this document in the near future with published information on the establishment and management of ex situ conservation stands, which together with storage is considered a useful complement to the in situ conservation of long-lived, outbreeding and highly heterozygous forest species. J.P. Lanly Director Forest Resources Division Forestry Department ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The present study is based on the work of Drs. B.S.P. Wang, P.J. Charest and B. Downie of the Petawawa National Forestry Institute (PNFI), Canada. Thanks are directed to the numerous researchers that responded to queries for current information. Among those who sent articles and suggested sources were D.P. Fowler, P. Copis, T.D. Blush, F.E. Bridgewater, D. Bramlett, M.S. Greenwood, J.N. Owens, J. Webber, C. Franklin, J.P. van Buijtenen, W. Elam, E.E. Benson, F. Engelmann, W.M. Roca, V. Villalobos, and L.A. Withers. Special thanks go to L. Towill, C.W. Yeatman (PNFI), and R. Rutledge (PNFI) for critically examining the manuscript. C. Pensom (PNFI) and M. Mitchell (PNFI) were indefatigable in their ability to obtain the most obscure of references. E. Andersen compiled the manuscript from submissions from the different authors, and G. Murray and A. Yapa edited the final draft. C. Palmberg-Lerche, L. Withers, K. Tao, and A. Thomsen made a critical review of the final document. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDGEMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ix INTRODUCTION 1. 2. EX SITU STORAGE USING SEEDS 3 Introduction 3 Genetic factors 4 Environmental factors 8 Initial seed quality 8 Seed moisture content 10 Storage temperature 13 Storage method 13 14 Cryopreservation Desiccation-tolerant and LN2-tolerant seeds 15 Desiccation-tolerant and LN2-sensitive seeds 18 Desiccation-sensitive and LN2-sensitive seeds 19 Advantages and disadvantages of seed storage 21 EX SITU STORAGE USING POLLEN 23 3. Introduction 23 Environmental factors 25 Initial quality 25 Moisture content (MC) 28 Mode of 30 desiccation/rehydration Pre-desiccation treatment 32 Temperature 33 Number of 33 cooling/rewarming Use of 35 cryoprotectants 36 Storage atmosphere Genetic factors 36 variation 36 Intraspecific Pollen conservation 37 Possibilities and limitations 37 Future research needs 38 EX SITU STORAGE USING TISSUE CULTURE 4 4. 1 Introduction 41 Methodologies 41 Somaclonal variation of tissue culture-derived material 45 Early maturation in tissue culture derived material 50 Methods of tissue culture conservation 51 DNA Conservation of 55 CONCLUSION 59 5. REFERENCES 64 Cover photo: Micropropagation of douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) at AFOCEL, France. Photo: C. Palmberg-Lerche, FAO.
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