EW 102 A Second Course in Electronic Warfare

291 Pages·2004·8.1 MB·English

by  David Adamy

EW 102
ASecondCourseinElectronicWarfare
ForalistingofrecenttitlesintheArtechHouseRadarLibrary,
turntothebackofthisbook.
EW 102
ASecondCourseinElectronicWarfare
David L. Adamy
Artech House
Boston • London
www.artechhouse.com
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Adamy,David.
EW102:asecondcourseinelectronicwarfare/DavidL.Adamy.
p. cm.—(ArtechHouseradarlibrary)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN1-58053-686-7(alk.paper)
1.Electronicsinmilitaryengineering. I.Title. II.Series.
UG485.A3322 2004
623’.043—dc22 2004050666
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
Adamy,David
EW102:asecondcourseinelectronicwarfare.—(ArtechHouseradarlibrary)
1.Electronicsinmilitaryengineering
I.Title
623’.043
ISBN1-58053-686-7
CoverdesignbyIgorValdman
©2004HorizonHousePublications,Inc.
Allrightsreserved.
All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book
maybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,including
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Alltermsmentionedinthisbookthatareknowntobetrademarksorservicemarkshavebeen
appropriatelycapitalized.ArtechHousecannotattesttotheaccuracyofthisinformation.Useof
aterminthisbookshouldnotberegardedasaffectingthevalidityofanytrademarkorservice
mark.
InternationalStandardBookNumber:1-58053-686-7
10987654321
LikeEW101whichcamebeforeit,thisbookisdedicatedtomycolleaguesinthe
EWprofession—inandoutofuniform.Someofyouhavegonerepeatedlyinto
harm’sway,andmostofyouhaveoftenworkedlongintothenighttodothingsthat
arebeyondthecomprehensionoftheaverageperson.Oursisastrangeand
challengingprofession,butmostofuscan’timaginefollowinganyother.
.
Contents
Preface xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 GeneralitiesAboutEW 3
1.2 InformationWarfare 5
1.3 HowtoUnderstandElectronicWarfare 6
2 Threats 9
2.1 SomeDefinitions 9
2.1.1 ThreatsVersusThreatSignals 9
2.1.2 RadarsVersusCommunication 10
2.1.3 TypesofThreats 10
2.1.4 Radar-GuidedWeapons 11
2.1.5 Laser-GuidedWeapons 11
2.1.6 InfraredEnergy:GuidedWeapons 12
2.1.7 LethalCommunications 12
2.1.8 RadarResolutionCell 13
vii
viii EW102:ASecondCourseinElectronicWarfare
2.2 FrequencyRanges 13
2.3 ThreatGuidanceApproaches 15
2.3.1 ActiveGuidance 15
2.3.2 SemiactiveGuidance 16
2.3.3 CommandGuidance 16
2.3.4 PassiveGuidance 17
2.4 ScanCharacteristicsofThreatRadars 17
2.4.1 TheRadarScan 17
2.4.2 AntennaBeamwidth 18
2.4.3 AntennaBeamPointing 19
2.5 ModulationCharacteristicsofThreatRadars 22
2.5.1 PulseRadars 22
2.5.2 PulseDopplerRadars 25
2.5.3 ContinuousWaveRadars 25
2.5.4 ThreatRadarApplications 26
2.6 CommunicationSignalThreats 26
2.6.1 TheNatureofCommunicationSignals 27
2.6.2 TacticalCommunication 27
2.6.3 DigitalDataLinks 29
2.6.4 SatelliteLinks 30
3 RadarCharacteristics 33
3.1 TheRadarFunction 33
3.1.1 TypesofRadars 34
3.1.2 BasicRadarBlockDiagrams 35
3.2 RadarRangeEquation 36
3.2.1 RadarCrossSection 39
3.2.2 RadarDetectionRange 40
3.3 DetectionRangeVersusDetectabilityRange 42
3.3.1 EstimatingtheSensitivityoftheRadarReceiver 43
3.3.2 ExampleofRadarDetectionRangeCalculation 44
Contents ix
3.3.3 DetectabilityRange 44
3.4 RadarModulation 48
3.5 PulseModulation 48
3.5.1 UnintentionalModulationonPulses 50
3.5.2 PulseCompression 51
3.5.3 ChirpedPulses 51
3.5.4 DigitalModulationonPulses 53
3.6 CWandPulseDopplerRadars 54
3.6.1 DopplerShift 55
3.6.2 CWRadar 56
3.6.3 FMRanging 56
3.6.4 PulseDopplerRadar 58
3.7 MovingTargetIndicatorRadars 58
3.7.1 BasicMTIOperation 59
3.7.2 MTIDataRates 61
3.7.3 AirborneMovingTargetIndicator(AMTI)Radar 62
3.8 SyntheticApertureRadars 63
3.8.1 RangeResolution 63
3.8.2 AzimuthResolution 64
3.8.3 FocusedArraySAR 66
3.9 LowProbabilityofInterceptRadars 67
3.9.1 LPITechniques 67
3.9.2 LevelsofLPI 68
3.9.3 LPIDRadars 68
3.9.4 DetectionVersusDetectability 70
3.9.5 LPIFigureofMerit 71
3.9.6 OtherFactorsImpactingDetectionRange 72
4 InfraredandElectro-OpticalConsiderationsin
ElectronicWarfare 77
4.1 TheElectromagneticSpectrum 77