Evolutionary Studies: A Centenary Celebration of the Life of Julian Huxley

271 Pages·1989·25.447 MB·English

by  Milo Keynes, G. Ainsworth Harrison (eds.)

STUDIES IN BIOLOGY, ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
General Editor: Robert Chester, Department of Social Policy and
Professional Studies, University of Hull
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STUDIES IN BIOLOGY, ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
General Editor: Robert Chester, Department of Social Policy and
Professional Studies, University of Hull
Published
Milo Keynes, David A. Coleman and Nicholas H. Dimsdale (editors)
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF HEALTH AND WELFARE
Peter Diggory, Malcolm Potts and Sue Teper (editors)
NATURAL HUMAN FERTILITY
Milo Keynes and G. Ainsworth Harrison (editors)
EVOLUTIONARY STUDIES: A Centenary Celebration of the
Life of Julian Huxley
David Robinson, Alan Maynard and Robert Chester (editors)
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Evolutionary Studies
A Centenary Celebration of the Life
of Julian Huxley
Proceedings of the twenty-fourth annual
symposium of the Eugenics Society, London,
1987
Edited by
Milo Keynes
Department of Anatomy
University of Cambridge
G. Ainsworth Harrison
Department of Biological Anthropology
University of Oxford
M
in association with
Palgrave Macmillan
MACMILLAN
© The Eugenics Society 1989
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989
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First published 1989
Published by
THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
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Companies and representatives
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Eugenics Society, Symposium (24th: 1987: London,
England)
Evolutionary studies.
1. Man. Evolution
I. Title II. Keynes, W. Milo (William Milo)
1924- III. Harrison, G. A. (Geoffrey
Ainsworth), 1927- IV. Huxley, Julian V.
Series
573.2
ISBN 978-1-349-09960-3 ISBN 978-1-349-09958-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-09958-0
Contents
List of Plates vii
List of Tables
Vlll
List of Illustrations ix
Notes on the Contributors xi
Introductory Note xu
1 Introduction
G. Ainsworth Harrison 1
2 The Galton Lecture for 1987: Julian Huxley- a
Family View
Sir Andrew Huxley, OM, FRS 9
3 Julian Huxley and the Development of Evolutionary
Studies
John R. Durant 26
4 Scientific Work by Sir Julian Huxley, FRS
E. B. Ford, FRS 41
5 Evolution since Julian Huxley
Bryan C. Clarke, FRS 46
6 Julian Huxley and the Rise of Modern Ethology
R. I. M. Dunbar 58
7 The Problem of the Palaeontological Evidence
T. S. Kemp 80
8 Size, Shape and Evolution
Robert D. Martin 96
9 The Ascent of Man
M. H. Day 142
10 Human Geographical Variation
G. Ainsworth Harrison 158
11 Evolution and Ethics
Patrick Bateson, FRS 168
v
VI Contents
12 The First Director-General of UNESCO
W. H. G. Armytage 186
13 Julian Huxley and Eugenics
David Hubback 194
14 The Galton Lecture for 1962: Eugenics in
Evolutionary Perspective
Sir Julian Huxley, FRS 207
15 Sir Julian Huxley, FRS- Chronological Table 240
16 Sir Julian Huxley, FRS- Select Bibliography 243
Index 248
List of Plates
1. T. H. Huxley with his grandson, Julian, in 1895 (from L. Huxley,
Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley, London, 1900)
2. Aldous and Julian Huxley in 1958 (photograph by Douglas Glass)
vii
List of Tables
8.1 Basal metabolic rates of primates and tree-shrews
expressed as percentages of the values expected from
the Kleiber equation 118
8.2 Ratios of daily maternal investment (WN/G) to
'metabolic body weight' (W0·75) for primates and
tree-shrews 125
viii
List of Illustrations
2.1 Family tree of Julian Huxley 1 10
2.2 Family tree of Julian Huxley 2 14
3.1 Courtship habits of Podiceps cristatus 31
7.1 The fossil record of the main species of mollusc in
the Turkana Basin 88
8.1 Illustration of the basic principles of allometric
analysis 102
8.2 Curves illustrating the difference between positive
allometry, isometry and negative allometry 104
8.3 Logarithmic conversion of the curves in Figure 8.2 105
8.4 Bivariate logarithmic plot of intermembral indices
against body weight for a sample of 103 living
primate species 109
8.5 Bivariate logarithmic plot of basal metabolic rate
against body weight for a sample of 25 primate
species and three tree-shrews 116
8.6 Plots of gestation period against body weight for a
sample of 429 species of placental mammals. 120
8.7 Histograms of residual values for mammalian
gestation periods (N = 427) calculated relative to
lines of fixed slope ranging from 0.25 down to 0.00,
by decrements of 0.05 122
8.8 Illustration of the procedure of correlation of
allometric residuals 128
9.1 A phylogenetic representation that sets out the
major phases of hominid evolution in sequence and
chronology 143
9.2 Four schemes of hominid phylogeny widely
supported until 1985 147
ix