Evolution of Nervous Systems, Second Edition

2075 Pages·2016·63.98 MB·English

by  Jon H. Kaas

About the pagination of this eBook

This eBook contains a multi-volume set.

To navigate this eBook by page number, you will need to use the
volume number and the page number, separated by punctuation or a
space.

Refer to the Cumulative Index and match the page reference style
exactly in the Go box at the bottom of the screen.
EVOLUTION OF NERVOUS
SYSTEMS
SECOND EDITION
This page intentionally left blank
EVOLUTION OF NERVOUS
SYSTEMS
SECOND EDITION
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Jon H Kaas
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
VOLUME 1
THE EVOLUTION OF THE NERVOUS
SYSTEMS IN NONMAMMALIAN VERTEBRATES
VOLUME EDITOR
Georg Striedter
University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
AMSTERDAM(cid:129)BOSTON(cid:129)HEIDELBERG(cid:129)LONDON(cid:129)NEWYORK(cid:129)OXFORD
PARIS(cid:129)SANDIEGO(cid:129)SANFRANCISCO(cid:129)SINGAPORE(cid:129)SYDNEY(cid:129)TOKYO
AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier
AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier
TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom
125,LondonWall,EC2Y,5AS
525BStreet,Suite1800,SanDiego,CA92101-4495,UnitedStates
50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates
Copyright(cid:1)2017ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,including
photocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Detailsonhow
toseekpermission,furtherinformationaboutthePublisher’spermissionspoliciesandourarrangementswithorganizationssuchasthe
CopyrightClearanceCenterandtheCopyrightLicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite:www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be
noted herein).
Notices
Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchandexperiencebroadenourunderstanding,changesin
researchmethods,professionalpractices,ormedicaltreatmentmaybecomenecessary.
Practitionersandresearchersmayalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeinevaluatingandusinganyinformation,methods,
compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.Inusingsuchinformationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthe
safetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility.
Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors,assumeanyliabilityforanyinjuryand/or
damagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,
products,instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress
BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
ISBN:978-0-12-804042-3
Forinformationonallpublicationsvisitourwebsite
athttp://store.elsevier.com
Publisher:OliverWalter
AcquisitionEditor:SusanDennis
ContentProjectManager:MarkHarper
AssociateContentProjectManager:MariseWillis
Designer:GregHarris
TypesetbyTNQBooksandJournals
PrintedandboundinUnitedStates
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
JonH.KaasisadistinguishedprofessorofPsychologyatVanderbiltUniversity.Hismajorresearch
interests arein theevolutionandfunctionalorganizationofsensory–perceptual,cognitive,and
motor systems, especially in primates, in the development of these systems, and in how these
systemsareplasticinresponsetoinjuryanduseindevelopingandadultbrains.Specialresearch
emphasisisplacedonstudyingvisual,auditory,andsomatosensorysystems,butcurrentstudiesare
also concerned with multimodal and sensorimotor integration in parietal and frontal cortex.
Research questions are addressed with a range of electrophysiological, neuroanatomical,
biochemical, and behavioral techniques. His teaching interests are in neuroscience, biological
psychology,andanimalbehavior.
v
This page intentionally left blank
VOLUME EDITORS
Volume 1 – The Evolution of the Nervous Systems in Nonmammalian Vertebrates
GeorgStriedterhasbeenaprofessorofneurobiologyandbehaviorattheUniversityofCalifornia,
Irvine(UCI)since1995.FormostofthattimehehasalsobeenafellowatUCI’sCenterforthe
NeurobiologyofLearningandMemory.Since2010hehasservedaseditorinchiefofthejournal
Brain,BehaviorandEvolution.Hisresearchfocusedonfishbrainsduringhisgraduatestudiesbut
thenshiftedtobirds.Inparticular,hehasstudiedtheneuralbasisandbehavioralfunctionsofvocal
imitationinparakeets.Morerecently,hehasexaminedtheconnectionsbetweenbraindevelop-
mentandbrainevolution,askinghowthebrainsofdifferentavianspeciesdivergeduringdevel-
opment,andhowonemightexperimentallyperturbneuraldevelopmenttosimulatesomespecies
differences.Asidefromresearchpapers,Dr.Striedterhaspublishedanupper-leveltextbookentitled
PrinciplesofBrainEvolution.MostofthisbookwaswrittenwhenDr.Striedterwasafellowatthe
InstituteforAdvancedStudiesinBerlin,Germany.In2009,Dr.StriedterreceivedaJohnSimon
Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship to write an introductory, college-level textbook entitled
Neurobiology: A Functional Approach, which was published by Oxford University Press, Higher
EducationDivision,inOctober2015.
Volume 2 – The Nervous Systems of Early Mammals and Their Evolution
Suzana Herculano-Houzel is associate professor of psychology and biological sciences at
Vanderbilt University. Her research focuses on the evolutionary origins of brain diversity: what
aspectsofbrainorganizationchangeandhow,whatdoesnotchange,andtheconsequencesof
those changes (or lack thereof). She is interested in quantitative comparisons of numbers of
neurons,glial,andendothelialcellsindifferentbrainstofindouthowtheirnumbersanddistri-
butionvaryacrossstructuresandspeciesandhowthatimpactsbrainsizeandfunction.Sheisalso
asciencewriterandauthorofTheHumanAdvantage(MITPress,2016),inwhichsheexplainshow
theinventionofcooking,withoutandlaterwithfire,allowedthehumanbraintogrowtohavethe
largestnumberofcorticalneuronsofanybraindwithouteverstoppingtobeaprimatebrain.
vii
viii Volume Editors
Volume 3 – The Nervous Systems of Non-human Primates
LeahKrubitzeriscurrentlyaprofessorintheDepartmentofPsychologyandCenterforNeuro-
science at the University of California, Davis. She received a BS at Penn State University in
CommunicationDisordersandaPhDinPsychologyatVanderbiltUniversity,NashvilleTennessee.
Hergraduatework,underthementorshipofDr.JonKaas,focusedontheevolutionofvisualcortex
inprimates.Herinterestintheevolutionoftheneocortexwasextendedinherpostdoctoralworkat
theUniversityofQueensland,Australia,toincludeavarietyofmammalssuchasmonotremesand
marsupials.WhileinAustraliasheperformedacomparativeanalysisontheneocortexofavarietyof
differentspeciesandtodatehasworkedonthebrainsofover37mammals.Hercurrentresearch
focusesontheimpactofearlyexperienceonthecorticalphenotype,andshespecificallyexamines
theeffectsofthesensoryenvironmentonthedevelopmentofconnections,functionalorganization,
and behavior in normal and visually impaired mammals. She also examines the evolution of
sensorymotornetworksinvolvedinmanualdexterityandreachingandgraspinginmammals.She
receivedaMacArthurawardforherworkonevolution.
Volume 4 – The Evolution of the Human Brain: Apes and Other Ancestors
ToddM.Preuss,PhD,earnedhisdoctorateinbiologicalanthropologyfromYaleUniversityand
completed his postdoctoral training at Vanderbilt University. Dr. Preuss investigates the evolu-
tionaryspecializationsofthehumanbrain;identifyingthesespecializationsiscriticalforunder-
standing how the human brain supports our unique cognitive abilities and why humans are
particularly vulnerable to neurodegenerative diseases. The Preuss lab addresses questions by
comparinghumanbrainstothoseofchimpanzeesdtheanimalstowhichhumansaremostclosely
relateddandothernonhumanprimates.Withinthisbasiccomparativeframework,thePreusslab
employsmultipleinvestigativemethodologiestoidentifyhumanspecializationsatmultiplelevels
oforganization:genomicandmolecularbiologicaltechniquestoidentifyevolutionarychangesin
geneandproteinexpression,histologicaltechniquestolocalizeexpressionchangestospecifycell
typesandcellcompartments,andneuroimagingtechniquestoidentifyevolutionarychangesin
connectivityandcerebralmorphology.