Table Of Content

EVOLUTION INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF EVOLUTION Vol. 55 Subject Index Evolution, 55(12), 2001, pp. 2629-2645 ADAPTATION Antibiotic resistance, genetic variation, haplotype, horizontal ex- Adaptation, dispersal, gene flow, migration, natural selection, change, linkage disequilibrium, Moraxella, population struc- stickleback, water snake, 459 ture, 1110 Adaptation, divergence, migratory costs, rapid evolution, repro- Bacteria, biodiversity, competitive exclusion principle, model, ductive investment, trade-offs, 1656 nutrient competition, 2181 Adaptation, growth rate, humidity, juvenile survival, maternal Bacteria, ectotherm, endotherm, Escherichia coli, growth rate, effects, phenotypic plasticity, reciprocal transplant, 392 Salmonella enterica, thermal adaptation, 33 Adaptive radiation, cytochrome b, Madagascar, molecular phy- Branched pathway, Escherichia coli, enzyme activity variation, logeny, Pycnonotidae, Sylviidae, Timaliidae, 1198 gluconate, 897 Adaptive radiation, floral evolution, functional evolution, Pen- Cross-tolerance, Darwinian fitness, metabolic efficiency, pread- stemon, pollen deposition, pollen removal, pollination, stami- aptation, stress resistance, 2194 node, vestigial organs, 477 Cytoplasmic incompatibility, Drosophila, evolution of symbiosis, Adaptive valley, multiple mating, parasitism, polyandry, social haplodiploid species, Leptopilina heterotoma, parasitoid, Wol- insect, 1639 bachia, 1710 Algae, amphipods, herbivory, heritability, host-plant adapta- Daphnia, developmental plasticity, egg bank, evolution of resis- tion, 68 tance, genotype-by-environment interaction, reaction norm, se- Bacteria, ectotherm, endotherm, Escherichia coli, growth rate, lection response, 2203 Salmonella enterica, thermal adaptation, 33 Epistasis, Escherichia coli, fitness, genetic canalization, mutation, Chill coma, climatic adaptation, cold tolerance, Drosophila, 1063 1746 Coadapted gene complexes, copepod, cytochrome c oxidase, epis- Fertility, humans, infectious and parasitic diseases, life-history tasis, histone H/, hybrid breakdown, intergenomic coadapta- traits, multivariate analysis, 1308 tion, 1592 Infectious disease, malaria, parasite, Plasmodium faiciparum, Cross-tolerance, Darwinian fitness, metabolic efficiency, pread- transmission, 1299 aptation, stress resistance, 2194 Direct selection, incompatibilities, postmating, preference diver- BEHAVIOR gence, prezygotic, reinforcement, speciation, 1909 Aggression, asymmetric introgression, character evolution, lek, Drift, epistasis, Fisher-Muller theory, modifier, recombination, manakin, shifted clines, speciation, 1443 1921 Allozymes, Desmognathus, gene flow, mitochondrial DNA, re- Ecomorphology, geographic mosaic, Loxia curvirostra, Pinus productive isolation, 2287 contorta, predator-prey, seed predation, Tamiasciurus hudson- Antagonistic direct effects, female-biased sex ratio, haplo-dip- icus, 282 loidy, kin selection, maternal effects, social behavior, 453 F-statistics, gene flow, genetic differentiation, life-history traits, Ants, ecological constraints, effective dispersal, Formica exsecta, local adaptation, Lupinus arboreus, spatial genetic structure, genetic structure, mitochondrial DNA, sociality, 2484 2429 Behavioral avoidance, genetic variation, heat resistance, insects, inversion polymorphism, thorax/wing length, 738 ALGAE Coevolution, microsatellites, parasite-host interaction, raiding Algae, amphipods, herbivory, heritability, host-plant adapta- behavior, social insects, social parasitism, 316 tion, 68 Development time, Drosophila melanogaster, foraging behavior, AMPHIBIANS larval feeding rate, life history, preadult mortality, pupation Allozymes, Desmognathus, gene flow, mitochondrial DNA, re- height, 1363 productive isolation, 2287 Fitness, hatching asynchrony, larval survivorship, Odonata, se- Ascaphus truei, biogeography, maximum likelihood, mesic for- lection, 762 ests, nested clade, Pacific Northwest, 147 Haldane’s rule, Heliconius, hybrid sterility, Lepidoptera, speci- Bufo, call rate, directional hybridization, mitochondrial DNA, 626 ation, 1631 Clonal reproduction, crossing experiment, deleterious mutations, Kin selection, locomotor activity, nutrition, physiology of be- fixation, hybridogenesis, Muller’s ratchet, Rana esculenta com- havior, respiratory metabolism, water balance, 797 plex, 2319 Polydomy, relatedness, sex ratios, slavemaking ants, social in- Hyla regilla, locomotor performance, metamorphosis, quantita- sects, worker reproduction, 307 tive genetics, tadpoles, 1668 BIOGEOGRAPHY Induced defense, metamorphosis, morphology, performance, phe- Allozymes, Fundulus kansae, Fundulus zebrinus, mitochondrial notypic plasticity, Rana, tadpoles, 821 DNA, phylogeography, Pleistocene, systematics, 339 ARACHNIDS Alpine Fault, Insecta, invertebrates, mitochondrial DNA, Ony- Bees, lineage effects, pollinator, polymorphism, spider, survi- chophora, vicariance, 2170 vorship, web decoration, 986 AMOVA, biogeography, mitochondrial DNA, phylogeography, BACTERIA Pleistocene, Pliocene, Point Conception, 1167 Antagonistic pleiotropy, bacteria, mutation accumulation, spe- Ant-plant, character evolution, Crematogaster, Euphorbiaceae, cialization, thermal niche, 889 Macaranga, mutualism, myrmecophyte, 1542 2629 © 2001 The Society for the Study of Evolution. All rights reserved. 2630 SUBJECT INDEX Arctic charr, control region, mitochondrial DNA, phylogeogra- Condition dependence, Falco naumanni, lifetime reproductive phy, Salvelinus alpinus, 573 success, Ornaments, parental condition, reproductive success, Ascaphus truei, biegeography, maximum likelihood, mesic for- sex-ratio model, 1188 ests, nested clade, Pacific Northwest, 147 Cultural transmission, gene flow, population genetic structure, Asymmetry, Balanus, Chthamalus, cytochrome oxidase I, dis- song dialects, Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha, 2568 persal, gene flow, Nucella, oceanography, Strongylocentrotus, Effective population size, gene flow, microsatellites, mitochon- 295 drial DNA, phylogeography, spatial variation, waterfowl, 2105 Biogeography, cave beetles, cytochrome oxidase I, mitochondrial Flight performance, handicap, hirundine, natural selection, sexual DNA, Ovobathysciola, Patriziella, Speonomus, substitution selection, tail streamer, 445 rates, 122 Flight performance, handicap, hirundine, natural selection, sexual Biogeography, cicadas, insect mitochondrial DNA, Maoricicada selection, tail streamer, 446 campbelli, molecular clock, New Zealand, phylogeography, Growth, house finch, molecular sex identification, sexual size 1395 dimorphism, 2534 Biogeography, cytochrome b, dispersal, marine fish, mitochon- Growth, house finch, molecular sex identification, sexual size drial DNA, population structure, vicariance, 1029 dimorphism, viability selection, 176 Biogeography, cytochrome », dispersal, mitochondrial DNA, Book REVIEWS ocean currents, population structure, reef fishes, 561 Biogeography, fossil calibration of molecular clocks, maximum- A lifetime’s struggle with the meaning of variation, a review of Evolutionary Genetics: From Molecules to Morphology, by An- likelihood phylogeny, Melastoma, ndhF gene, Rhexia, rpll6 drew G. Clark, 1492 intron, 1315 After the molecular evolution revolution, a review of Molecular Biogeography, galaxiid, mitochondrial DNA, phylogenetics, river Evolution and Phylogenetics, by Junhyong Kim, 2620 capture, vicariance, 1844 An Australian perspective on population viability in fragmented Biotypes, cytochrome oxidase |, geographic distribution, grape landscapes, a review of Genetics, Demography and Viability of phylloxera, herbivorous insects, host-plant variation, sympatric Fragmented Populations, by \\kka Hanski, 2623 divergence, Vitis, 1345 Evolutionary questions in an ecologically relevant context, a re- Body size, correlation, Drosophila, geographic comparisons, iso- view of Adaptive Genetic Variation in the Wild, by A. M. Bell, female strains, lipids, population variation, stress resistance, J. M. Davis, C. M. Greene, S. C. Lema, J. V. Watters, and L. 1621 H. Yang, 1715 Carabidae, glacial refugium, mitochondrial DNA, molecular evo- Genealogies and geography: deciphering recent evolutionary his- lution, phylogenetic analysis, Queen Charlotte Islands, random tory, a review of Phylogeography, by Richard G. Harrison, 646 amplified polymorphic DNA, 1408 Reconciling Marx and Darwin, a review of Thinking about Evo- Character transition, cytonuclear linkage, Dendroica occidentalis, lution: Historical, Philosephical, and Political Perspectives, by Dendroica townsendi, hybrid zone, mitochondrial DNA, phy- John Maynard Smith, 1496 logeography, sexual selection, 405 The adaptationist program goes underground, a review of Mosaic Coalescent, glaciation, North Atlantic, phylogeography, range ex- Evolution of Subterranean Mammals: Regression, Progression, pansion, 2455 and Global Convergence, by Enrique P. Lessa, 2139 Crickets, female preference functions, geographic variation, male The life and times of plant species: from metapopulations to calls, mismatch, 1386 mutational meltdown, a review of The Origin, Expansion, and Cyprinodon, heterochrony, maternal effects, ontogenetic varia- Demise of Plant Species, by Spencer C. H. Barrett, 641 tion, phenotypic variation, 330 Toward a general theory of biodiversity, a review of The Unified Cytochrome b, leptocephalus, marine fish, mitochondrial DNA, Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, by James H. phylogeography, speciation, stabilizing selection, sympatry, Brown, 2137 807 Ecomorphology, geographic mosaic, Loxia curvirostra, Pinus CHROMOSOMAL EVOLUTION contorta, predator-prey, seed predation, Tamiasciurus hudson- B chromosome evolution, interspecific hybrids, mitotic instabil- icus, 282 ity, Nasonia vitripennia, 1069 Genetic divergence, Gulf of California, mitochondrial DNA control region, molecular clock, Paralabrax maculatofasciatus, Sea CNIDARIA of Cortez, Serranidae, 1852 Alcyonium, cnidarian, internal transcribed spacer, larval development, life-history evolution, molecular systematics, ribo- Birps somal DNA, sexual expression, soft coral, 54 Adaptive radiation, cytochrome b, Madagascar, molecular phy- Anthopleura, clonal growth, mitochondrial DNA phylogeny, sol- logeny, Pycnonotidae, Sylviidae, Timaliidae, 1198 itary growth, symbiosis, zooxanthellae, 1781 Aggression, asymmetric introgression, character evolution, lek, Bet-hedging, dispersal polymorphism, gregarious settlement, Hy- manakin, shifted clines, speciation, 1443 droides dianthus, \arvai dispersal, polychaete, 2439 Albinism, carotenoids, mutation, phenotypic coefficient of var- COALESCENCE iation, phenotypic correlation, radiation, selection, 2097 Coalescent, glaciation, North Atlantic, phylogeography, range ex- Alectoris chukar, core-periphery, developmental instability, di- pansion, 2455 rectional asymmetry, distribution range, ecotone, fluctuating asymmetry, 2088 COEVOLUTION Base composition, brood parasitism, mitochondrial DNA, opti- Ambrosia, bark beetles, coevolution, haplodiploidy, insect-plant mization alignment, Passeriformes, phylogeny, Vidua, 2550 interactions, Platypodinae, Scolytinae, 2011 Buteo buteo, common buzzard, fitness, heterozygote advantage, Arabis, Brassicaceae, coevolution, hybridization, phylogeogra- mate choice, polymorphism, sexual imprinting, 1207 phy, Puccinia, rust fungi, 41 Carotenoid coloration, Euplectes ardens, female choice, handi- Arms race, Daphnia magna, frequency-dependent selection, host- caps, long tails, multiple ornaments, sexual selection, 1452 parasite coevolution, infectivity, Pasteuria ramosa, red Queen Character transition, cytonuclear linkage, Dendroica occidentalis, hypothesis, resistance, 1136 Dendroica townsendi, hybrid zone, mitochondrial DNA, phy- Base composition, brood parasitism, mitochondrial DNA, opti- logeography, sexual selection, 405 mization alignment, Passeriformes, phylogeny, Vidua, 2550 Cline, hybrid zone, introgression, Manacus, manakin, sexual se- Coevolution, entomopathogen, evolution of resistance, genetic lection, speciation, 2070 variation, parasitoid, pea aphid, trade-off, 1805 Comparative analysis, extrapair mating, independent contrasts, Coevolution, galls, host shifts, insect-plant relationships, para- life-history evolution, sexual selection, 161 sitism, phylogeny, 2503 SUBJECT INDEX 2631 Coevolution, genetic variation, parasite, resistance, selection, Drosopui.a 1146 Abiotic stress, Asobara tabida, Drosophila melanogaster, iso- Coevolution, hummingbird, mimicry, Mimulus, pollination, QTL, female lines, parasitism, 2353 speciation, 1706 Acclimation, aging, beneficial acclimation hypothesis, Drosoph- Coevolution, microsatellites, parasite-host interaction, raiding ila melanogaster, performance, speed, temperature, 205 behavior, social insects, social parasitism, 316 Aging, dietary restriction, Drosophila, fecundity, fruit fly, life Ecomorphology, geographic mosaic, Loxia curvirostra, Pinus history, longevity, 2493 contorta, predator-prey, seed predation, Tamiasciurus hudson- Aging, maternal age, maternal effects, offspring quality, offspring icus, 282 viability, senescence, 1822 Evolutionary trends, exaggerated trait variance, independent con- Asobara, counterdefense, Drosophila, encapsulation, parasitoid, trasts, scaling relationships, sexual dimorphism, sexual selec- resistance, 1815 tion, static allometry, 1373 Behavioral avoidance, genetic variation, heat resistance, insects, inversion polymorphism, thorax/wing length, 738 COMPETITION Body size. correlation, Drosophila, geographic comparisons, iso- Abortion, Clarkia, gametophytic competition, Pgi, reproductive female strains, lipids, population variation, stress resistance, success, 2421 1621 Acaridae, good genes, mate choice, Rhizoglyphus robini, sexual Cactophilic Drosophila, differential colonization, fecundity, hab- selection, sperm competition, 1893 itat selection, oviposition acceptance, 2615 Antibody responsiveness, competition, frequency dependence, Chill coma, climatic adaptation, cold tolerance, Drosophila, 1063 linkage disequilibrium, plasticity, reaction norms, recombi- Coefficient of additive genetic variation, developmental insta- nation load, 2053 bility, dominance, Drosophila falleni, epistasis, fluctuating a- Bacteria, biodiversity, competitive exclusion principle, model, symmetry, genotypic variation, heritability, isofemale lines, nutrient competition, 2181 line-cross analysis, quantitative genetics, X-chromosomes, 498 Body size, Corixidae, ecological severity, fitness, fluctuating Cold-sensitivity, Drosophila pseudoobscura, female sperm-car- asymmetry, nutritional condition, survival, 712 rying, genetic bottleneck, overwintering, 840 Callosobruchus, cryptic female choice, gametic isolation, repro- Cost of reproduction, Drosophila melanogaster, juvenile hor- ductive incompatibility, sperm competition, 2257 mone, mating, oxidation, starvation, stress, 1600 Climate, competition, ESS, fitness, life history, scale of selection, Cost of sex, Drosophila mercatorum, intrinsic rate of increase, 830 life-history evolution, net reproductive value, parthenogenesis, Comparative analysis, extrapair mating, independent contrasts, 748 life-history evolution, sexual selection, 161 Courtship songs, Drosophila montana, female preferences, mate Ecological correlates, extinction, mating systems, sibling com- recognition systems, temperature, 72] petition, species richness, 880 Cross-generational effects, developmental temperature, Drosoph- Epidemiology, parasite, pathogen, transmission rate, virulence ila melanogaster, fitness, maternal effects, 209 evolution, 2389 Cytoplasmic incompatibility, Drosophila, evolution of symbiosis, CRUSTACEANS haplodiploid species, Leptopilina heterotoma, parasitoid, Wol- Allometry, Cancer crabs, chelae, constraints, Decapoda, muscle bachia, 1710 stress, performance, 550 Density-dependent viability, Drosophila melanogaster, genetic Asymmetry, Balanus, Chthamalus, cytochrome oxidase I, dis- variation, heterozygous viability, homozygous viability, stress, persal, gene flow, Nucella, oceanography, Strongylocentrotus, 1609 295 Development time, Drosophila melanogaster, foraging behavior, Balancing selection, Mpi, Semibalanus balanoides, 1336 larval feeding rate, life history, preadult mortality, pupation Barnacle, D-loop, gene flow, mitochondrial DNA, population height, 1363 structure, selection, Semibalanus balanoides, 1972 Developmental instability, Drosophila, fluctuating asymmetry, Coadapted gene complexes, copepod, cytochrome c oxidase, epis- heritability, mating success, variance components, wing length, tasis, histone H/, hybrid breakdown, intergenomic coadapta- 2248 tion, 1592 Directional changes, Drosophila robusta, evolution, linked in- Comparative method, copepods, effort per progeny, egg size, life- versions, natural populations, natural selection, 2359 history evolution, offspring size, reproductive effort, 1245 Drosophila, fertilization, hybridization, reproductive isolation, sperm, 81 DEVELOPMENT Drosophila, hybrid sterility, introgression, reproductive isolation, Acclimation, aging, beneficial acclimation hypothesis, Drosoph- speciation, 512 ila melanogaster, performance, speed, temperature, 205 Drosophila, life history, longevity, mortality, sexual antagonism, Comparative methods, development, macroevolution, morphol- sexual conflict, sperm competition, 834 ogy, phylogeny, reptiles, 2303 Drosophila melanogaster, laboratory adaptation, stress resistance, Cranial morphology, developmental modularity, morphological 436 integration, phenotypic covariance structure, phylogeny, Pla- Drosophila simulans, meiotic drive, sex ratio, Y chromosome, tyrrhini, quantitative genetics, 2576 728 Cross-generational effects, developmental temperature, Drosoph- ila melanogaster, fitness, maternal effects, 209 ECHINODERMS Development, epigenetic, epistasis, genetic correlations, quan- ATPase, biogeography, cytochrome oxidase I, gene flow, mito- titative genetics, 232 chondrial DNA, ocean barriers, phylogeny, sea urchins, spe- Growth, helminth, heritability, nematode, Ovis aries, sheep, ciation, 955 trade-off, 2116 Correlated charactérs, echinoids, egg size, fertilization, jelly coat, selection gradient, 2479 DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY Egg size, fertilization, jelly coat, organic cost, phenotypic cor- Alectoris chukar, core-periphery, developmental instability, di- relation, selection, target size, 2470 rectional asymmetry, distribution range, ecotone, fluctuating asymmetry, 2088 ECOLOGY Cross-generational effects, developmental temperature, Drosoph- Ant-plant, character evolution, Crematogaster, Euphorbiaceae, ila melanogaster, fitness, maternal effects, 209 Macaranga, mutualism, myrmecophyte, 1542 Developmental instability, Drosophila, fluctuating asymmetry, Biotypes, cytochrome oxidase I, geographic distribution, grape heritability, mating success, variance components, wing length, phylloxera, herbivorous insects, host-plant variation, sympatric 2248 divergence, Vitis, 1345 2632 SUBJECT INDEX Chorthippus, habitat, hybrid zone, long-distance dispersal, mo- Copulatory courtship, cryptic female choice, genitalic evolution, saic, 1832 sexual selection, 93 Cranial morphology, developmental modularity, morphological Cost of sex, Drosophila mercatorum, intrinsic rate of increase, integration, phenotypic covariance structure, phylogeny, Pla- life-history evolution, net reproductive value, parthenogenesis, tyrrhini, quantitative genetics, 2576 748 Ecological conflict, flower predation, flower shape, Polemonium Creation science, education outreach, primary and secondary viscosum, 1963 schools, science education, special creationism, 2379 Ecological correlates, extinction, mating systems, sibling com- Daphnia, developmental plasticity, egg bank, evolution of resis- petition, species richness, 880 tance, genotype-by-environment interaction, reaction norm, se- Haldane’s rule, Heliconius, hybrid sterility, Lepidoptera, speci- lection response, 2203 ation, 1631 Development, evolution, mutation, phenocopy, quantitative trait loci, saltation, 1077 EPIsTASIs Directional changes, Drosophila robusta, evolution, linked in- Antibody responsiveness, competition, frequency dependence, versions, natural populations, natural selection, 2359 linkage disequilibrium, plasticity, reaction norms, recombi- Dispersal, evolutionarily stable coalitions, evolutionary branch- nation load, 2053 ing, heterogeneous environment, source-sink system, 246 Chromosomal rearrangement, Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibil- Epidemiology, life history, parasitism, superinfection, virulence, ity, epistasis, hybrid, postzygotic reproductive isolation, spe- 1056 ciation, sterility, 1932 Europe, fish, mismatch, mitochondrial DNA, nested clade, phy- Coadapted gene complexes, copepod, cytochrome c oxidase, epis- logeography, Salmo, 351 tasis, histone H/, hybrid breakdown, intergenomic coadapta- Evolutionary trends, macroevolution, mammal-like reptile, neo- tion, 1592 morphy, Synapsida, Williston’s law, 1419 Coefficient of additive genetic variation, developmental insta- Gene regulation, genome evolution, parasitic DNA, retrotrans- bility, dominance, Drosophila falleni, epistasis, fluctuating a- poson, transposon, | symmetry, genotypic variation, heritability, isofemale lines, Growth, house finch, molecular sex identification, sexual size line-cross analysis, quantitative genetics, X-chromosomes, 498 dimorphism, viability selection, 176 Constraint, epistasis, experimental evolution, reversibility, selec- Heterogeneity, local adaptation, migration, source-sink dynam- tion, variation, 653 ics, specialization, 1520 Cytoplasmic effects, dominance, epistasis, genetic architecture, Maintenance cost, metabolism, nonlinearity, optimal offspring nonadditive genetic variation, population differentiation, 488 size, resource absorption rate, respiration, sink-limited growth, Density-dependent viability, Drosophila melanogaster, genetic 467 variation, heterozygous viability, homozygous viability, stress, EXTINCTION 1609 Birth-and-death process, crown group, extinction, fossil record, Development, epigenetic, epistasis, genetic correlations, quan- phylogeny, speciation, stem group, 1762 titative genetics, 232 Ecological correlates, extinction, mating systems, sibling com- Direct selection, incompatibilities, postmating, preference diver- petition, species richness, 880 gence, prezygotic, reinforcement, speciation, 1909 Extinction, fitness, mutational meltdown, Saccharomyces cerevi- Dobzhansky-Muller, epistatic incompatibilities, hybrid inviabil- siae, 909 ity, hybrid sterility, speciation, speciation times, 1085 Experimental evolution, extinction probability, fixation, mathe- Drift, epistasis, Fisher-Muller theory, modifier, recombination, matical model, population bottleneck, serial passage, 2606 1921 Epistasis, Escherichia coli, fitness, genetic canalization, mutation, FECUNDITY 1746 Antagonistic pleiotropy, fecundity, inbreeding depression, trade- offs, wing dimorphism, 111 EVOLUTION Ecological speciation, hybrid fitness, postzygotic isolation, re- Accretion, gene flow, genetic drift, Neandertal, selection, 1474 ciprocal transplant, 198 Adaptation, divergence, migratory costs, rapid evolution, repro- Ejaculates, female life span, female mating preferences, field ductive investment, trade-offs, 1656 crickets, Gryllus lineaticeps, multiple mating, repeated mating, Adaptive radiation, floral evolution, functional evolution, Pen- 994 stemon, pollen deposition, pollen removal, pollination, stami- FISHES node, vestigial organs, 477 Adaptation, divergence, migratory costs, rapid evolution, repro- Aggression, asymmetric introgression, character evolution, lek, ductive investment, trade-offs, 1656 manakin, shifted clines, speciation, 1443 Allozymes, associative overdominance, fitness, heterozygosity, Alcyonium, cnidarian, internal transcribed spacer, larval devel- microsatellites, mutation, 1180 opment, life-history evolution, molecular systematics, ribo- Allozymes, Fundulus kansae, Fundulus zebrinus, mitochondrial somal DNA, sexual expression, soft coral, 54 DNA, phylogeography, Pleistocene, systematics, 339 Analysis of skewness, driven trend, evolutionary trends, mac- AMOVA, biogeography, mitochondrial DNA, phylogeography, roevolution, passive trend, subclade test, trend partitioning, Pleistocene, Pliocene, Point Conception, 1167 849 Arctic charr, control region, mitochondrial DNA, phylogeogra- Antagonistic pleiotropy, bacteria, mutation accumulation, spe- phy, Salvelinus alpinus, 573 cialization, thermal niche, 889 Biogeography, cytochrome b, dispersal, marine fish, mitochon- Ascertainment bias, directionality, evolution, genome size, mi- drial DNA, population structure, vicariance, 1029 crosatellite, mutation, vertebrates, 1717 Biogeography, cytochrome b, dispersal, mitochondrial DNA, Autocorrelation, comparative methods, eigenvector regression, ocean currents, population structure, reef fishes, 561 evolutionary processes, phylogenetic correlograms, 1104 Biogeography, galaxiid, mitochondrial DNA, phylogenetics, river Basal metabolic rate, body armor, Cope’s rule, mammals, running capture, vicariance, 1844 speeds, 1464 Chemical cue, common garden, convergent evolution, delayed Cell lineage, evolution of development, Lophotrochozoa, spiral maturity, growth rate, phenotypic plasticity, predator-induced, cleavage, Spiralia, 1501 1486 Comparative analysis, extrapair mating, independent contrasts, Choosiness, heritability, mate choice, preference function, re- life-history evolution, sexual selection, 161 peatability, selection intensity, sexual selection, variation, 1644 Constraint, epistasis, experimental evolution, reversibility, selec- Cline, Coregonus, disequilibrium, historical gene flow, isolation tion, variation, 653 by distance, microsatellites, secondary contacts, 2274 SUBJECT INDEX 2633 Color vision, countergradient variation, kokanee, mate choice, Ecological speciation, hybrid fitness, postzygotic isolation, re- Oncorhynchus nerka, sensory drive, sexual selection sockeye, ciprocal transplant, 198 sympatric populations, 380 Environmental heterogeneity, environment-dependent genetic pa- Coral reef fish, Coral Sea, cytochrome 6, founder effect, Great rameters, genetic constraints, niche breadth, phenotypic plas- Barrier Reef, phylogeography, population structure, 2263 ticity, population differentiation, reciprocal transplant, 692 Countergradient variation, evolutionary physiology, genotype- Epistasis, Escherichia coli, fitness, genetic canalization, mutation, environment covariance, growth rate, latitude, life-history evo- 1746 lution, locomotory performance, optimal foraging theory, 1873 Extinction, fitness, mutational meltdown, Saccharomyces cerev- Countergradient variation, latitude, life-history evolution, loco- isiae, 909 motory performance, metabolism, swimming speed, fish, 1863 Fitness, genetic correlation, heritability, humans, life histories, Cyprinidae, cytochrome b, gene diversity, Gila, introgressive hy- natural selection, twins, 423 bridization, ND2, single-stranded conformational polymor- Fitness, hatching asynchrony, larval survivorship, Odonata, se- phism, 2028 lection, 762 Cyprinodon, heterochrony, maternal effects, ontogenetic varia- Genotype-by-environment interaction, hybrid fitness, hybrid tion, phenotypic variation, 330 zone, [pomopsis, tension zone, transplant experiment, 669 Cytochrome b, leptocephalus, marine fish, mitochondrial DNA, Mutant cloud, neutral networks, quasispecies, RNA secondary phylogeography, speciation, stabilizing selection, sympatry, structure folding, selection of robustness, 2412 807 Cytonuclear disequilibrium, genetic assimilation, hybridization, FUNGI Orconectes propinquus, Orconectes rusticus, rusty crayfish, Ambrosia, bark beetles, coevolution, haplodiploidy, insect-plant species invasion, 1153 interactions, Platypodinae, Scolytinae, 2011 Diadromy, Galaxias, mitochondrial DNA, parallel evolution, phy- Arabis, Brassicaceae, coevolution, hybridization, phylogeogra- logenetics, speciation, 587 phy, Puccinia, rust fungi, 41 Attini, compatibility, fungi, fungus-growing ants, mutualism, Diodontidae, genome size, Molidae, nucleotype, pufferfish, Te- specificity, symbiosis, 1980 traodontidae, Tetraodontiformes, 2363 Coevolution, entomopathogen, evolution of resistance, genetic Europe, fish, mismatch, mitochondrial DNA, nested clade, phy- variation, parasitoid, pea aphid, trade-off, 1805 logeography, Salmo, 351 Fish, isolation by distance, landscape, microsatellite, migration GastTRoPODS model, nonequilibrium, 1016 Cell lineage, evolution of development, Lophotrochozoa, spiral Gadus morhua, gene flow, isolation by distance, nuclear restric- cleavage, Spiralia, 1501 tion-fragment-length-polymorphism loci, population structure, 131 GENE FLow Genetic correlation, heritability, mate choice, multivariate selec- Accretion, gene flow, genetic drift, Neandertal, selection, 1474 tion, selection gradient, sexual selection, 1002 Adaptation, dispersal, gene flow, migration, natural selection, Genetic divergence, Gulf of California, mitochondrial DNA con- stickleback, water snake, 459 trol region, molecular clock, Paralabrax maculatofasciatus, Sea Allozymes, Desmognathus, gene flow, mitochondrial DNA, re- of Cortez, Serranidae, 1852 productive isolation, 2287 AMOVA, gene flow, genetic structure, parentage analysis, &- FITNESS statistics, pollen movement, Quercus alba, TwoGener, 260 Abortion, Clarkia, gametophytic competition, Pgi, reproductive Assortative mating, Eurosta solidaginis, gall, host preference, success, 2421 host race, hybrid crosses, Solidago, sympatric speciation, 773 Adaptive valley, multiple mating, parasitism, polyandry, social Asymmetry, Balanus, Chthamalus, cytochrome oxidase I, dis- insect, 1639 persal, gene flow, Nucella, oceanography, Strongylocentrotus, Aging, antagonistic pleiotropy, caloric restriction, dietary restric- 295 tion, disposable soma, senescence, 1902 ATPase, biogeography, cytochrome oxidase I, gene flow, mito- Aging, dietary restriction, Drosophila, fecundity, fruit fly, life chondrial DNA, ocean barriers, phylogeny, sea urchins, spe- history, longevity, 2493 ciation, 955 Aging, maternal age, maternal effects, offspring quality, offspring Barnacle, D-loop, gene flow, mitochondrial DNA, population viability, senescence, 1822 structure, selection, Semibalanus balanoides, 1972 Allometry, Cancer crabs, chelae, constraints, Decapoda, muscle Biological invasions, dispersal, gene flow, introduced species, stress, performance, 550 isolation by distance, kin selection, relatedness, 976 Allozymes, associative overdominance, fitness, heterozygosity, Cline, Coregonus, disequilibrium, historical gene flow, isolation microsatellites, mutation, 1180 by distance, microsatellites, secondary contacts, 2274 Ants, colony fitness, Pogonomyrmex, sex allocation, 324 Cold-sensitivity, Drosophila pseudoobscura, female sperm-car- Body size, Corixidae, ecological severity, fitness, fluctuating rying, genetic bottieneck, overwintering, 840 asymmetry, nutritional condition, survival, 712 Colonization, cpDNA, gene flow, hybridization, isolation by dis- Buteo buteo, common buzzard, fitness, heterozygote advantage, tance, pollen migration, seed migration, Sorbus torminalis, mate choice, polymorphism, sexual imprinting, 1207 1123 Climate, competition, ESS, fitness, life history, scale of selection, Cottonwoods, disequilibrium, hybrid zones, hybridization, intro- 830 gression, Populus, recombination, 1325 Cross-generational effects, developmental temperature, Drosoph- Cultural transmission, gene flow, population genetic structure, ila melanogaster, fitness, maternal effects, 209 song dialects, Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha, 2568 Cross-tolerance, Darwinian fitness, metabolic efficiency, pread- Effective population size, gene flow, microsatellites, mitochon- aptation, stress resistance, 2194 drial DNA, phylogeography, spatial variation, waterfowl, 2105 Cytonuclear disequilibrium, genetic assimilation, hybridization, F-statistics, gene flow, genetic differentiation, life-history traits, Orconectes propingquus, Orconectes rusticus, rusty crayfish, local adaptation, Lupinus arboreus, spatial genetic structure, species invasion, 1153 2429 Demography, elasticity, fecundity, fitness, life history, selection Gadus morhua, gene flow, isolation by distance, nuclear restric- gradient, survivorship, 2611 tion-fragment-length-polymorphism loci, population structure, Diffusion approximation, flower color polymorphism, fluctuating 131 selection, Frank’s distribution, seed bank, 1283 Gene flow, population genetic structure, selection, spatial auto- Direct selection, incompatibilities, postmating, preference diver- correlation, spatial genetic structure, stage structure, Trillium gence, prezygotic, reinforcement, speciation, 1909 grandiflorum, 1560 2634 SUBJECT INDEX Gene regulation, genome evolution, parasitic DNA, retrotrans- traits, plant-insect interaction, quantitative genetics, season- poson, transposon, | ality, 1992 Genetic divergence, Gulf of California, mitochondrial DNA con- Kin selection, locomotor activity, nutrition, physiology of be- trol region, molecular clock, Paralabrax maculatofasciatus, Sea havior, respiratory metabolism, water balance, 797 of Cortez, Serranidae, 1852 Population structure, Weir and Cockerham’s 6, Wright's Fs;, 2601 Genetic Drirt HERBIVORY Accretion, gene flow, genetic drift, Neandertal, selection, 1474 Algae, amphipods, herbivory, heritability, host-plant adapta- Binomial sampling, genetic draft, genetic drift, hitchhiking, mo- tion, 68 lecular evolution, natural selection, population size, 2161 Biotypes, cytochrome oxidase |, geographic distribution, grape Drift, epistasis, Fisher-Muller theory, modifier, recombination, phylloxera, herbivorous insects, host-plant variation, sympatric 1921 divergence, Vitis, 1345 Effective population size, genetic drift, mating system, micro- HERITABILITY satellite DNA, polygyny, reproductive success, sexual selec- Abomasal parasites, antler development, genetics, honest adver- tion, 1224 tisement, major histocompatibility complex, Odocoileus vir- F-statistics, gene flow, genetic differentiation, life-history traits, ginianus, testosterone, white-tailed deer, 616 local adaptation, Lupinus arboreus, spatial genetic structure, Additive genetic covariance matrix, constraint, correlated re- 2429 sponse, geometric morphometrics, heritability, restricted max- Fish, isolation by distance, landscape, microsatellite, migration imum likelihood, shape analysis, 2342 model, nonequilibrium, 1016 Algae, amphipods, herbivory, heritability, host-plant adapta- Flower color, genetic drift, isolation by distance, natural selection, 68 tion, polymorphism, shifting balance theory, Sewall Wright, Allozymes, genetic diversity, heritability, phenotypic variance, 1269 quantitative genetics, 1095 GENETIC VARIATION Bet-hedging, dispersal polymorphism, gregarious settlement, Hy- Allium vineale, character incompatibility, chloroplast DNA, ge- droides dianthus, larval dispersal, polychaete, 2439 notypic diversity, sexual reproduction, 1581 Carotenoid coloration, Euplectes ardens, female choice, handi- Aquaris remigis, body size, genetic correlation, Gerridae, quan- caps, long tails, multiple ornaments, sexual selection, 1452 titative genetics, 2126 Choosiness, heritability, mate choice, preference function, re- Ascertainment bias, directionality, evolution, genome size, mi- peatability, selection intensity, sexual selection, variation, 1644 crosatellite, mutation, vertebrates, 1717 Coefficient of additive genetic variation, developmental insta- Autopolyploidy, Centaurea, genetic structure, hybridization, iso- bility, dominance, Drosophila falleni, epistasis, fluctuating a- lation by distance, polyploid complex, spatial autocorrelation, symmetry, genotypic variation, heritability, isofemale lines, 943 line-cross analysis, quantitative genetics, X-chromosomes, 498 Balancing selection, Mpi, Semibalanus balanoides, 1336 Color morphs, correlational selection, heritability, lizards, social Behavioral avoidance, genetic variation, heat resistance, insects, selection, 2040 inversion polymorphism, thorax/wing length, 738 Developmental instability, Drosophila, fluctuating asymmetry, Bootstrap, genetic correlation, Gryllus pennsylvanicus, jackknife, heritability, mating success, variance components, wing length, sampling method, 1249 2248 Bottleneck, Dipodomys panamintinus, effective population size, Diapause, heritability, life-history evolution, plant-herbivore in- haplotype, mitochondrial, mtDNA, phylogeography, range ex- teractions, Psilocorsis quercicella, Quercus alba, tritrophic in- pansion, 1233 teractions, 2236 Choosiness, heritability, mate choice, preference function, re- Diodontidae, genome size, Molidae, nucleotype, pufferfish, Te- peatability, selection intensity, sexual selection, variation, 1644 traodontidae, Tetraodontiformes, 2363 Coevolution, entomopathogen, evolution of resistance, genetic Effective population size, gene flow, microsatellites, mitochon- variation, parasitoid, pea aphid, trade-off, 1805 drial DNA, phylogeography, spatial variation, waterfowl, 2105 Coevolution, genetic variation, parasite, resistance, selection, Fitness, genetic correlation, heritability, humans, life histories, 1146 natural selection, twins, 423 Crickets, female preference functions, geographic variation, male Genetic correlation, heritability, mate choice, multivariate selec- calls, mismatch, 1386 tion, selection gradient, sexual selection, 1002 Cyprinidae, cytochrome b, gene diversity, Gila, introgressive hy- Genetic correlations, genetic variation, heritability, life-history bridization, ND2, single-stranded conformational polymor- traits, plant-insect interaction, quantitative genetics, season- phism, 2028 ality, 1992 Cyprinodon, heterochrony, maternal effects, ontogenetic varia- Growth, helminth, heritability, nematode, Ovis aries, sheep, tion, phenotypic variation, 330 trade-off, 2116 Cytonuclear disequilibrium, genetic assimilation, hybridization, HETEROCHRONIC VARIATION Orconectes propinquus, Orconectes rusticus, rusty crayfish, Cyprinodon, heterochrony, maternal effects, ontogenetic varia- species invasion, 1153 tion, phenotypic variation, 330 Density-dependent viability, Drosophila melanogaster, genetic variation, heterozygous viability, homozygous viability, stress, HYBRIDIZATION 1609 Arabis, Brassicaceae coevolution, hybridization, phylogeogra- Dispersal, genetic erosion, inbreeding, metapopulation density, phy, Puccinia, rust fungi, 41 population size, specialized pollination syndrome, 1569 ATPase, biogeography, cytochrome oxidase |, gene flow, mito- Drosophila, life history, longevity, mortality, sexual antagonism, chondrial DNA, ocean barriers, phylogeny, sea urchins, spe- sexual conflict, sperm competition, 834 ciation, 955 Europe, fish, mismatch, mitochondrial DNA, nested clade, phy- Autopolyploidy, Centaurea, genetic structure, hybridization, iso- logeography, Salmo, 351 lation by distance, polyploid complex, spatial autocorrelation, Evolutionary trends, exaggerated trait variance, independent con- 943 trasts, scaling relationships, sexual dimorphism, sexual selec- B chromosome evolution, interspecific hybrids, mitotic instabil- tion, static allometry, 1373 ity. Nasonia vitripennia, 1069 Female choice, lek paradox, protected polymorphism, sexual se- Bufo, call rate, directional hybridization, mitochondrial DNA, 626 lection, 2401 Chloroplast, Eucalyptus, glacial refugia. hybridization, intro- Genetic correlations, genetic variation, heritability, life-history gression, J,_, region, reticulate evolution, 703 SUBJECT INDEX 2635 Cline, hybrid zone, introgression, Manacus, manakin, sexual se- Biological invasions, dispersal, gene flow, introduced species, lection, speciation, 2070 isolation by distance, kin selection, relatedness, 976 Colonization, cpDNA, gene flow, hybridization, isolation by dis- Body size, Corixidae, ecological severity, fitness, fluctuating tance, pollen migration, seed migration, Sorbus torminalis, asymmetry, nutritional condition, survival, 712 1123 Bootstrap, genetic correlation, Gry/lus pennsylvanicus, jackknife, Cottonwoods, disequilibrium, hybrid zones, hybridization, intro- sampling method, 1249 gression, Populus, recombination, 1325 Callosobruchus, cryptic female choice, gametic isolation, repro- Cytonuclear disequilibrium, genetic assimilation, hybridization, ductive incompatibility, sperm competition, 2257 Orconectes propinquus, Orconectes rusticus, rusty crayfish, Carabidae, glacial refugium, mitochondrial DNA, molecular evo- species invasion, 1153 lution, phylogenetic analysis, Queen Charlotte Islands, random Drosophila, fertilization, hybridization, reproductive isolation, amplified polymorphic DNA, 1408 sperm, 81 Chorthippus, habitat, hybrid zone, long-distance dispersal, mo- Genetic architecture, hybridization, introgression, reproductive saic, 1832 isolation, speciation genetics, 684 Coevolution, entomopathogen, evolution of resistance, genetic Genotype-by-environment interaction, hybrid fitness, hybrid variation, parasitoid, pea aphid, trade-off, 1805 zone, /pomopsis, tension zone, transplant experiment, 669 Coevolution, galls, host shifts, insect-plant relationships, para- Hybrid zone, macaque monkeys, microsatellites, mitochondrial sitism, phylogeny, 2503 DNA, population structure, Southeast Asia, 1686 Coevolution, microsatellites, parasite-host interaction, raiding behavior, social insects, social parasitism, 316 INBREEDING Colonization, generalist, host-plant range, host shift, polyphagy, Antagonistic pleiotropy, fecundity, inbreeding depression, trade- specialist, speciation, 783 offs, wing dimorphism, 111 Copulatory courtship, cryptic female choice, genitalic evolution, Coevolution, hummingbird, mimicry, Mimulus, pollination, QTL, sexual selection, 93 speciation, 1706 Crickets, ecdysteroids, genetic variation, hormones, life history, Directional asymmetry, fluctuating asymmetry, inbred mice, mor- trade-off, wing polymorphism, 538 phometric size and shape characters, outbred mice, f-complex, Crickets, female preference functions, geographic variation, male 2333 calls, mismatch, 1386 Dispersal, genetic erosion, inbreeding, metapopulation density, Cyprinidae, cytochrome b, gene diversity, Gila, introgressive hy- population size, specialized pollination syndrome, 1569 bridization, ND2, single-stranded conformational polymor- F-statistics, inbreeding, mating system, metapopulation, micro- phism, 2028 satellite DNA, population structure, relatedness, 1215 Cytoplasmic incompatibility, Drosophila, evolution of symbiosis, Inbreeding, microsatellite loci, outbreeding, selection, wolves, haplodiploid species, Leptopilina heterotoma, parasitoid, Wol- 1256 bachia, 1710 Insects. See also Drosophila Egg size, life-history trade-offs, reproductive allocation, thermal Abiotic stress, Asobara tabida, Drosophila melanogaster, iso- selection, Wyeomyia smithii, 439 female lines, parasitism, 2353 Ejaculates, female life span, female mating preferences, field Acaridae, good genes, mate choice, Rhizoglyphus robini, sexual crickets, Gryllus lineaticeps, multiple mating, repeated mating, selection, sperm competition, 1893 994 Adaptive valley, multiple mating, parasitism, polyandry, social Evolutionary trends, exaggerated trait variance, independent con- insect, 1639 trasts, scaling relationships, sexual dimorphism, sexual selec- Allozyme variation, diploid males, Euglossini, heterozygosity, tion, static allometry, 1373 population genetics, social evolution, 1897 Fitness, hatching asynchrony, larval survivorship, Odonata, se- Alpine Fault, Insecta, invertebrates, mitochondrial DNA, Ony- lection, 762 chophora, vicariance, 2170 Genetic correlations, genetic variation, heritability, life-history Ambrosia, bark beetles, coevolution, haplodiploidy, insect-plant traits, plant-insect interaction, quantitative genetics, season- interactions, Platypodinae, Scolytinae, 2011 ality, 1992 Antagonistic pleiotropy, fecundity, inbreeding depression, trade- Haldane’s rule, Heliconius, hybrid sterility, Lepidoptera, speci- offs, wing dimorphism, 111 ation, 1631 Ants, colony fitness, Pogonomyrmex, sex allocation, 324 Infectious disease, malaria, parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, Ants, ecological constraints, effective dispersal, Formica exsecta, transmission, 1299 genetic structure, mitochondrial DNA, sociality, 2484 Kin selection, locomotor activity, nutrition, physiology of be- Aquaris remigis, body size, genetic correlation, Gerridae, quan- havior, respiratory metabolism, water balance, 797 titative genetics, 2126 Polydomy, relatedness, sex ratios, slavemaking ants, social insects, worker reproduction, 307 Artificial selection, Diopsidae, dosage compensation, sexual di- Polygyny, reproductive skew, social evolution, social insect, split morphism, X-linkage, 103 Asobara, counterdefense, Drosophila, encapsulation, parasitoid, sex ratio, 2131 resistance, 1815 Lire History Assortative mating, Eurosta solidaginis, gall, host preference, Aging, dietary restriction, Drosophila, fecundity, fruit fly, life host race, hybrid crosses, Solidago, sympatric speciation, 773 history, longevity, 2493 Assortative mating, host races, pleiotropy, speciation, Zeiraphera Alcyonium, cnidarian, internal transcribed spacer, larval devel- diniana, 2002 opment, life-history evolution, molecular systematics, ribo- Asteridae, host-plant use, iridoid glycosides, Lepidoptera, Mel- somal DNA, sexual expression, soft coral, 54 itaeini, 522 Antibody responsiveness, competition, frequency dependence, Attini, compatibility, fungi, fungus-growing ants, mutualism, linkage disequilibrium, plasticity, reaction norms, recombi- specificity, symbiosis, 1980 nation load, 2053 B chromosome evolution, interspecific hybrids, mitotic instabil- Basal metabolic rate, body armor, Cope’s rule, mammals, running ity, Nasonia vitripennia, 1069 speeds, 1464 Biogeography, cave beetles, cytochrome oxidase I, mitochondrial Bergmann’s rule, body size, Crotalus viridis, geographic varia- DNA, Ovobathysciola, Patriziella, Speonomus, substitution tion, life history, 2523 rates, 122 Body size, fertility, introgression, life-history traits, pleiotropy, Biogeography, cicadas, insect mitochondrial DNA, Maoricicada QTL mapping, Tcl elements, 1795 campbelli, molecular clock, New Zealand, phylogeography, Bottleneck, bowhead whale, coalescence time, substitution rate, 1395 1678 SUBJECT INDEX Chemical cue, common garden, convergent evolution, delayed Androgen-binding protein, pheromone, sexual isolation, sexual maturity, growth rate, phenotypic plasticity, predator-induced, selection, speciation, 631 1486 Asian elephant, Elephas maximus, evolutionarily significant units, Climate, competition, ESS, fitness, life history, scale of selection, Loxodonta africana, mitochondrial DNA, phylogeography, rate 830 calibration, 1882 Cold-sensitivity, Drosophila pseudoobscura, female sperm-car- Basal metabolic rate, body armor, Cope’s rule, mammals, running rying, genetic bottleneck, overwintering, 840 speeds, 1464 Comparative method, copepods, effort per progeny, egg size, life- Bottleneck, bowhead whale, coalescence time, substitution rate, history evolution, offspring size, reproductive effort, 1245 1678 Cost of sex, Drosophila mercatorum, intrinsic rate of increase, Bottleneck, Dipodomys panamintinus, effective population size, life-history evolution, net reproductive value, parthenogenesis, haplotype, mitochondrial, mtDNA, phylogeography, range ex- 748 pansion, 1233 Countergradient variation, evolutionary physiology, genotype- Chiroptera, dispersal, F-statistics, Nyctalus noctula, population environment covariance, growth rate, latitude, life-history evo- structure, power analysis, test of population differentiation, lution, locomotory performance, optimal foraging theory, 1873 635 Countergradient variation, latitude, life-history evolution, loco- Cranial morphology, developmental modularity, morphological motory performance, metabolism, swimming speed, fish, 1863 integration, phenotypic covariance structure, phylogeny, Pla- Crickets, ecdysteroids, genetic variation, hormones, life history, tyrrhini, quantitative genetics, 2576 trade-off, wing polymorphism, 538 Directional asymmetry, fluctuating asymmetry, inbred mice, mor- Daphnia pulex, Daphnia pulicaria, genetic architecture, life-his- phometric size and shape characters, outbred mice, f-complex, tory evolution, microsatellite loci, quantitative genetics, 1753 2333 Demography, elasticity, fecundity, fitness, life history, selection Effective population size, genetic drift, mating system, micro- gradient, survivorship, 2611 satellite DNA, polygyny, reproductive success, sexual selec- Development time, Drosophila melanogaster, foraging behavior, tion, 1224 larval feeding rate, life history, preadult mortality, pupation F-statistics, inbreeding, mating system, metapopulation, micro- height, 1363 satellite DNA, population structure, relatedness, 1215 Diapause, heritability, life-history evolution, plant-herbivore in- Growth, helminth, heritability, nematode, Ovis aries, sheep, teractions, Psilocorsis quercicella, Quercus alba, tritrophic in- trade-off, 2116 teractions, 2236 Hybrid zone, macaque monkeys, microsatellites, mitochondrial Drosophila, life history, longevity, mortality, sexual antagonism, DNA, population structure, Southeast Asia, 1686 sexual conflict, sperm competition, 834 Inbreeding, microsatellite loci, outbreeding, selection, wolves, F-statistics, gene flow, genetic differentiation, life-history traits, 1256 local adaptation, Lupinus arboreus, spatial genetic structure, MATERNAL EFFECTS 2429 Adaptation, growth rate, humidity, juvenile survival, maternal Fertility, humans, infectious and parasitic diseases, life-history effects, phenotypic plasticity, reciprocal transplant, 392 traits, multivariate analysis, 1308 Aging, maternal age, maternal effects, offspring quality, offspring Gene flow, population genetic structure, selection, spatial auto- viability, senescence, 1822 correlation, spatial genetic structure, stage structure, Trillium Antagonistic direct effects, female-biased sex ratio, haplo-dip- grandiflorum, 1560 7 loidy, kin selection, maternal effects, social behavior, 453 Genetic correlations, genetic variation, heritability, life-history Cross-generational effects, developmental temperature, Drosoph- traits, plant-insect interaction, quantitative genetics, season- ila melanogaster, fitness, maternal effects, 209 ality, 1992 Cultural inheritance, environmental sex determination, genetic Hyla regilla, locomotor performance, metamorphosis, quantita- conflict, maternal effect, nest site, reptile, sex-ratio evolution, tive genetics, tadpoles, 1668 1049 Infectious disease, malaria, parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, Cyprinodon, heterochrony, maternal effects, ontogenetic varia- transmission, 1299 tion, phenotypic variation, 330 Maintenance cost, metabolism, nonlinearity, optimal offspring Growth, house finch, molecular sex identification, sexual size size, resource absorption rate, respiration, sink-limited growth, dimorphism, 2534 467 MICROSATELLITE Loci LIZARDS Ascertainment bias, directionality, evolution, genome size, mi- Adaptation, growth rate, humidity, juvenile survival, maternal crosatellite, mutation, vertebrates, 1717 effects, phenotypic plasticity, reciprocal transplant, 392 Daphnia pulex, Daphnia pulicaria, genetic architecture, life-his- Antibody responsiveness, competition, frequency dependence, tory evolution, microsatellite loci, quantitative genetics, 1753 linkage disequilibrium, plasticity, reaction norms, recombi- Inbreeding, microsatellite loci, outbreeding, selection, wolves, nation load, 2053 1256 Color morphs, correlational selection, heritability, lizards, social MITOCHONDRIAL DNA selection, 2040 Adaptive radiation, cytochrome b, Madagascar, molecular phy- Comparative methods, development, macroevolution, morphol- logeny, Pycnonotidae, Sylviidae, Timaliidae, 1198 ogy. phylogeny, reptiles, 2303 Allium vineale, character incompatibility, chloroplast DNA, ge- Ecomorphology, evolutionary trade-off, lizards, locomotion, per- notypic diversity, sexual reproduction, 1581 formance, 1040 Allozymes, Desmognathus, gene flow, mitochondrial DNA, reproductive isolation, 2287 MAMMALS Allozymes, Fundulus kansae, Fundulus zebrinus, mitochondrial Abomasal parasites, antler development, genetics, honest adver- DNA, phylogeography, Pleistocene, systematics, 339 tisement, major histocompatibility complex, Odocoileus vir- Alpine Fault, Insecta, invertebrates, mitochondrial DNA, Ony- ginianus, testosterone, white-tailed deer, 616 chophora, vicariance, 2170 Accretion, gene flow, genetic drift, Neandertal, selection, 1474 AMOVA, biogeography, mitochondrial DNA, phylogeography, Additive genetic covariance matrix, constraint, correlated re- Pleistocene, Pliocene, Point Conception, 1167 sponse, geometric morphometrics, heritability, restricted max- Angiosperms, DNA, molecular evolution, speciation, species imum likelihood, shape analysis, 2342 richness, 677 Akodon, meiotic drive, selection, sex chromosomes, sex deter- Anthopleura, clonal growth, mitochondrial DNA phylogeny, sol- mination, XY females, Y chromosome, 190 itary growth, symbiosis, zooxanthellae, 1781 SUBJECT INDEX 2637 Ants, ecological constraints, effective dispersal, Formica exsecta, Aging, antagonistic pleiotropy, caloric restriction, dietary restric- genetic structure, mitochondrial DNA, sociality, 2484 tion, disposable soma, senescence, 1902 Arctic charr, control region, mitochondrial DNA, phylogeogra- Akodon, meiotic drive, selection, sex chromosomes, sex deter- phy, Salvelinus alpinus, 573 mination, XY females, Y chromosome, 190 Ascaphus truei, biogeography, maximum likelihood, mesic for- AMOVA, gene flow, genetic structure, parentage analysis, ®- ests, nested clade, Pacific Northwest, 147 statistics, pollen movement, Quercus alba, TwoGener, 260 Asian elephant, Elephas maximus, evolutionarily significant units, Analysis of skewness, driven trend, evolutionary trends, mac- Loxodonta africana, mitochondrial DNA, phylogeography, rate roevolution, passive trend, subclade test, trend partitioning, calibration, 1882 849 Asymmetry, Balanus, Chthamalus, cytochrome oxidase I, dis- Asymmetric mating preference, bivariate normal, quantitative ge- persal, gene flow, Nucella, oceanography, Strongylocentrotus, netic trait, sexual imprinting, weak selection approximation, 25 295 Autocorrelation, comparative methods, eigenvector regression, ATPase, biogeography, cytochrome oxidase I, gene flow, mito- evolutionary processes, phylogenetic correlograms, 1104 chondrial DNA, ocean barriers, phylogeny, sea urchins, spe- Autoregressive models, comparative method, generalized least- ciation, 955 squares, independent contrasts, maximum likelihood, phylo- Barnacle, D-loop, gene flow, mitochondrial DNA, population genetic autocorrelation, phylogeny, regression, 2143 structure, selection, Semibalanus balanoides, 1972 Bacteria, biodiversity, competitive exclusion principle, model, Base composition, brood parasitism, mitochondrial DNA, opti- nutrient competition, 2181 mization alignment, Passeriformes, phylogeny, Vidua, 2550 Balancing selection, Fs; major histocompatibility complex, self- Biogeography, cave beetles, cytochrome oxidase I, mitochondrial incompatibility, SSWM approximation, 1532 DNA, Ovobathysciola, Patriziella, Speonomus, substitution Binomial sampling, genetic draft, genetic drift, hitchhiking, mo- rates, 122 lecular evolution, natural selection, population size, 2161 Biogeography, cicadas, insect mitochondrial DNA, Maoricicada Branch length variance, divergence, phylogeny, polytomy, power campbelli, molecular clock, New Zealand, phylogeography, analysis, sample size, 1264 1395 Breeding-system evolution, cross-fertilization, mixed mating, Biogeography, cytochrome b, dispersal, marine fish, mitochon- parasites, Red Queen hypothesis, self-fertilization, sexual re- drial DNA, population structure, vicariance, 1029 production, 869 Biogeography, cytochrome b, dispersal, mitochondrial DNA, Condition dependence, Falco naumanni, lifetime reproductive ocean currents, population structure, reef fishes, 561 success, Ornaments, parental condition, reproductive success, Biogeography, galaxiid, mitochondrial DNA, phylogenetics, river sex-ratio model, 1188 capture, vicariance, 1844 Correlation, integration, modularity, multivariate selection, phe- Bottleneck, bowhead whale, coalescence time, substitution rate, notypic evolution, 1734 1678 Correlation matrix, isolation by distance, maximum likelihood, Bottleneck, Dipodomys panamintinus, effective population size, permutation, validation, 1703 haplotype, mitochondrial, mtDNA, phylogeography, range ex- Demography, elasticity, fecundity, fitness, life history, selection pansion, 1233 gradient, survivorship, 2611 Bufo, call rate, directional hybridization, mitochondrial DNA, 626 Development, epigenetic, epistasis, genetic correlations, quan- Carabidae, glacial refugium, mitochondrial DNA, molecuiar evo- titative genetics, 232 lution, phylogenetic analysis, Queen Charlotte Islands, random Diffusion approximation, flower color polymorphism, fluctuating amplified polymorphic DNA, 1408 selection, Frank’s distribution, seed bank, 1283 Character evolution, comparative morphology, 18S rDNA, elec- Dispersal, evolutionarily stable coalitions, evolutionary branch- tron microscopy, Euglenida, Euglenozoa, phylogeny, 2215 ing, heterogeneous environment, source-sink system, 246 Chloroplast DNA, ITS, lineage sortésng, molecular clock, phy- Ecological conflict, flower predation, flower shape, Polemonium logeography, reticulation, Senecio, 1943 viscosum, 1963 Coadapted gene complexes, copepod, cytochrome c oxidase, epis- Ecological correlates, extinction, mating systems, sibling com- tasis, histone H/, hybrid breakdown, intergenomic coadapta- petition, species richness, 880 tion, 1592 Epidemiology, parasite, pathogen, transmission rate, virulence evolution, 2389 Cytochrome b, leptocephalus, marine fish, mitochondrial DNA, phylogeography, speciation, stabilizing selection, sympatry, Experimental evolution, extinction probability, fixation, mathe- matical model, population bottleneck, serial passage, 2606 807 Female choice, lek paradox, protected polymorphism, sexual se- Diadromy, Galaxias, mitochondrial DNA, parallel evolution, phy- lection, 2401 logenetics, speciation, 587 Forensics, introns, molecular systematics, monophyly, whales, Diodontidae, genome size, Molidae, nucleotype, pufferfish, Te- 859 traodontidae, Tetraodontiformes, 2363 Maintenance cost, metabolism, nonlinearity, optimal offspring Effective population size, gene flow, microsatellites, mitochon- size, resource absorption rate, respiration, sink-limited growth, drial DNA, phylogeography, spatial variation, waterfowl, 2105 467 Effective population size, genetic drift, mating system, micro- Male fertility, maximum likelihood, natural selection gradient, satellite DNA, polygyny, reproductive success, sexual selec- paternity analysis, Raphanus raphanistrum, 272 tion, 1224 Mutant cloud, neutral networks, quasispecies, RNA secondary Europe, fish, mismatch, mitochondrial DNA, nested clade, phy- structure folding, selection of robustness, 2412 logeography, Salmo, 351 Population structure, Weir and Cockerham’s 6, Wright's Fs,S T: =2 601 F-statistics, inbreeding, mating system, metapopulation, microsatellite DNA, population structure, relatedness, 1215 MOLECULAR EVOLUTION Forensics, introns, molecular systematics, monophyly, whales, Adaptive radiation, cytochrome b, Madagascar, molecular phy- 859 logeny, Pycnonotidae, Sylviidae, Timaliidae, 1198 Gene regulation, genome evolution, parasitic DNA, retrotrans- Allozymes, genetic diversity, heritability, phenotypic variance, poson, transposon, | quantitative genetics, 1095 Hybrid zone, macaque monkeys, microsatellites, mitochondrial Alpine Fault, Insecta, invertebrates, mitochondrial DNA, Ony- DNA, population structure, Southeast Asia, 1686 chophora, vicariance, 2170 Asteridae, host-plant use, iridoid glycosides, Lepidoptera, Mel- MOobeELs/SIMULATIONS itaeini, 522 Adaptive radiations, macroevolution, phylogenies, speciation Bergmann’s rule, body size, Crotalus viridis, geographic varia- rates, 661 tion, life history, 2523 2638 SUBJECT INDEX Binomial sampling, genetic draft, genetic drift, hitchhiking, mo- MUTATIONS lecular evolution, natural selection, population size, 2161 Abutilon theophrasti, adaptive plasticity, opportunity costs, R:FR, Biogeography, cave beetles, cytochrome oxidase I, mitochondrial shade-avoidance responses, stem elongation, trade-offs, 930 DNA, Ovobathysciola, Patriziella, Speonomus, substitution Akodon, meiotic drive, selection, sex chromosomes, sex deter- rates, 122 mination, XY females, Y chromosome, 190 Biogeography, cicadas, insect mitochondrial DNA, Maoricicada Albinism, carotenoids, mutation, phenotypic coefficient of var- campbelli, molecular clock, New Zealand, phylogeography, iation, phenotypic correlation, radiation, selection, 2097 1395 Allozymes, associative overdominance, fitness, heterozygosity, Biogeography, fossil calibration of molecular clocks, maximum- microsatellites, mutation, 1180 likelihood phylogeny, Melastoma, ndhF gene, Rhexia, rpll6 Antagonistic pleiotropy, bacteria, mutation accumulation, spe- intron, 1315 cialization, thermal niche, 889 Biogeography, galaxiid, mitochondrial DNA, phylogenetics, river Ascertainment bias, directionality, evolution, genome size, mi- capture, vicariance, 1844 crosatellite, mutation, vertebrates, 1717 Branch length variance, divergence, phylogeny, polytomy, power Bottleneck, bowhead whale, coalescence time, substitution rate, analysis, sample size, 1264 1678 Carabidae, glacial refugium, mitochondrial DNA, molecular evo- Clonal reproduction, crossing experiment, deleterious mutations, lution, phylogenetic analysis, Queen Charlotte Islands, random fixation, hybridogenesis, Muller's ratchet, Rana esculenta com- amplified polymorphic DNA, 1408 plex, 2319 Chloroplast DNA, ITS, lineage sorting, molecular clock, phy- Deleterious mutations, flower size, Mimulus guttatus, quantitative logeography, reticulation, Senecio, 1943 traits, 937 Comparative methods, development, macroevolution, morphol- Development, evolution, mutation, phenocopy, quantitative trait ogy, phylogeny, reptiles, 2303 loci, saltation, 1077 Coral reef fish, Coral Sea, cytochrome b, founder effect, Great Epistasis, Escherichia coli, fitness, genetic canalization, mutation, Barrier Reef, phylogeography, population structure, 2263 1746 Dobzhansky-Muller, epistatic incompatibilities, hybrid inviabil- Extinction, fitness, mutational meltdown, Saccharomyces cerev- ity, hybrid sterility, speciation, speciation times, 1085 isiae, 909 Europe, fish, mismatch, mitochondrial DNA, nested clade, phy- Mutant cloud, neutral networks, quasispecies, RNA secondary logeography, Salmo, 351 structure folding, selection of robustness, 2412 Genetic divergence, Gulf of California, mitochondrial DNA control region, molecular clock, Paralabrax maculatofasciatus, Sea NEMATODES of Cortez, Serranidae, 1852 Body size, fertility, introgression, life-history traits, pleiotropy, Gesneriaceae, phyllomorph, phylogeny, plant architecture, shoot QTL mapping, Tc! elements, 1795 apical meristem, Streptocarpus, 918 Growth, helminth, heritability, nematode, Ovis aries, sheep, Growth, house finch, molecular sex identification, sexual size trade-off, 2116 dimorphism, 2534 PARASITISM Growth, house finch, molecular sex identification, sexual size Abiotic stress, Asobara tabida, Drosophila melanogaster, iso- dimorphism, viability selection, 176 female lines, parasitism, 2353 Molecular evolution, phylogeny, polytomy, sample size, speci- Abomasal! parasites, antler development, genetics, honest adver- ation, statistical power analysis, 1261 tisement, major histocompatibility complex, Odocoileus vir- MOLLUSKS ginianus, testosterone, white-tailed deer, 616 Cell lineage, evolution of development, Lophotrochozoa, spiral Adaptive valley, multiple mating, parasitism, polyandry, social cleavage, Spiralia, 1501 insect, 1639 Arms race, Daphnia magna, trequency-dependent selection, host- MORPHOLOGY parasite coevolution, infectivity, Pasteuria ramosa, red Queen Adaptive radiation, cytochrome b, Madagascar, molecular phy- hypothesis, resistance, 1136 logeny, Pycnonotidae, Sylviidae, Timaliidae, 1198 Asobara, counterdefense, Drosophila, encapsulation, parasitoid, Additive genetic covariance matrix, constraint, correlated re- resistance, 1815 sponse, geometric morphometrics, heritability, restricted max- Base composition, brood parasitism, mitochondrial DNA, opti- imum likelihood, shape analysis, 2342 mization alignment, Passeriformes, phylogeny, Vidua, 2550 Ant-plant, character evolution, Crematogaster, Euphorbiaceae, Breeding-system evolution, cross-fertilization, mixed mating, Macaranga, mutualism, myrmecophyte, 1542 parasites, Red Queen hypothesis, self-fertilization, sexual re- Character evolution, comparative morphology, 18S rDNA, elec- production, 869 tron microscopy, Euglenida, Euglenozoa, phylogeny, 2215 Coevolution, entomopathogen, evolution of resistance, genetic Chorthippus, habitat, hybrid zone, long-distance dispersal, mo- variation, parasitoid, pea aphid, trade-off, 1805 saic, 1832 Coevolution, galls, host shifts, insect-plant relationships, para- Comparative methods, development, macroevolution, morphol- sitism, phylogeny, 2503 ogy, phylogeny, reptiles, 2303 Coevolution, genetic variation, parasite, resistance, selection, Correlation, integration, modularity, multivariate selection, phe- 1146 notypic evolution, 1734 Coevolution, microsatellites, parasite-host interaction, raiding Cranial morphology, developmental modularity, morphological behavior, social insects, social parasitism, 316 integration, phenotypic covariance structure, phylogeny, Pla- Cytoplasmic incompatibility, Drosophila, evolution of symbiosis, tyrrhini, quantitative genetics, 2576 haplodiploid species, Leptopilina heterotoma, parasitoid, Wol- Directional asymmetry, fluctuating asymmetry, inbred mice, mor- bachia, 1710 phometric size and shape characters, outbred mice, t-complex, Epidemiology, life history, parasitism, superinfection, virulence, 2333 1056 Ecomorphology, evolutionary trade-off, lizards, locomotion, per- Epidemiology, parasite, pathogen, transmission rate, virulence formance, 1040 evolution, 2389 Evolutionary trends, macroevolution, mammal-like reptile, neo- Fertility, humans, infectious and parasitic diseases, life-history morphy, Synapsida, Williston’s law, 1419 traits, multivariate analysis, 1308 Gesneriaceae, phyllomorph, phylogeny, plant architecture, shoot Gene regulation, genome evolution, parasitic DNA, retrotrans- apical meristem, Streptocarpus, 918 poson, transposon, | Induced defense, metamorphosis, morphology, performance, phe- Growth, helminth, heritability, nematode, Ovis aries, sheep, notypic plasticity, Rana, tadpoles, 821 trade-off, 2116