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17. YÜZYILDA KADINLAR EVLİYA ÇELEBİ‘NİN GÖZLEMLERİYLE Yayın Yönetmeni: Bilal Özbay Editör: Zeynep Özkan Kapak Tasarım: Gökhan Koç İç Tasarım: Yeliz Yıldız Baskı-Cilt: Kelebek Matbaacılık Tel.: (0212) 771 54 54 (Pbx) 1. Baskı: Nisan 2009 İstanbul 2. Baskı: Şubat 2010 İstanbul ISBN: 978-9944-469-20-3 © Tüm yayın hakları Lamure‘ye aittir. Kaynak gösterilerek alıntı yapılabilir. Kitap Yayıncılık San. Tic. A. Ş. Merkez Mah. Karaoğlanoğlu Cad. Konut Sk. No: 9 Mahmutbey / Bağcılar - İstanbul Tel: (0212) 447 33 37 pbx Faks: (0212) 447 33 89 www.lamurekitap.com - [email protected] 17. YÜZYILDA KADINLAR EVLİYA ÇELEBİ‘NİN GÖZLEMLERİYLE Dr. Nurettin Gemici İÇİNDEKİLER Önsöz .................................................................................................................. 1 Giriş .............................................................................................. 13 Tarihte Türk Kadını ................................................................................... 13 Osmanlı Devleti Öncesi Türklerde Kadına Bakış ............................ 14 İslamiyet‟te Kadının Yeri ............................................................. 23 Müslüman Türk Devletlerinde Kadının İçtimaî Mevkii ...................... 29 Osmanlı‘da Kadına Bakış .......................................................................... 33 Osmanlı Devleti‘nde Sosyal Hayatta Kadın ...................................... 41 Büyük Türk Seyyahı Evliya Çelebi .............................................. 49 Evliya Çelebi (1611-1685) ......................................................................... 49 Şahsiyeti ve Hususiyetleri .......................................................................... 67 Eser ve Üslup .............................................................................................. 68 Konuların Ele Alınışı ................................................................................. 73 XVII: Yüzyıl Osmanlısının Kısa Bir Panoraması ........................ 77 XVII. Yüzyılda Kadınlar: Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi‟ne Göre 85 Eserin Hazırlanışında Takip Edilen Usul ............................................... 85 i I. Bölüm Seyahatname‟de Kadınlara Genel Bakış ...................................... 97 II. Bölüm Tarihteki Meşhur Kadınlar ......................................................... 169 Valide Turhan Sultan ............................................................................... 170 Zeynep Hatun ........................................................................................... 172 Mihrî ........................................................................................................... 173 Şekerpare Kadın ....................................................................................... 175 Mama hatun ............................................................................................... 176 (Ayişe) Hafsa Hatun................................................................................. 179 Küpeli Sultan ............................................................................................. 181 Zalpaşa Kızı Hanım Sultan ..................................................................... 182 Fatıma Sultan ............................................................................................ 182 Asiye Sultan ............................................................................................... 183 Dilküşa Hanım .......................................................................................... 184 Seçerü'd-dürr Hatun................................................................................. 185 III. Bölüm Yakın Çevresindeki Kadınlar ...................................................... 191 IV. Bölüm 17. Yüzyıldaki Osmanlı Kadınları ............................................... 215 Güzellikleri, Giyimleri, Elbiseleri ve Anlayışlarıyla Devrin Kadınları ..................................................................................................................... 215 Beşiktaş....................................................................................................... 217 Kalamış Burnu .......................................................................................... 217 Üsküdar ...................................................................................................... 218 Kağıthane ................................................................................................... 218 Bursa ........................................................................................................... 219 Sinop ........................................................................................................... 226 Trabzon ...................................................................................................... 226 ii Abaza bölgesi ............................................................................................ 227 Sapanca ....................................................................................................... 228 Amasya ....................................................................................................... 228 Erzincan ..................................................................................................... 229 Ladik ........................................................................................................... 230 Çorum ........................................................................................................ 231 Konya ......................................................................................................... 231 Antakya ...................................................................................................... 232 Hama ve Humus ....................................................................................... 232 Urfa ............................................................................................................. 233 Malatya ....................................................................................................... 233 Diyarbakır .................................................................................................. 235 Nahcıvan .................................................................................................... 237 Kayseri ........................................................................................................ 237 Sivas ............................................................................................................ 238 Mudurnu .................................................................................................... 240 Rusçuk, Şumnu ve Silistre ....................................................................... 241 Karasu Dobruca ....................................................................................... 241 Filibe-İhtiman Kasabası .......................................................................... 242 Sofya ........................................................................................................... 242 Küstence .................................................................................................... 244 Edirne ......................................................................................................... 244 Mardin ........................................................................................................ 247 Bitlis ............................................................................................................ 247 Ahlat ........................................................................................................... 250 Van .............................................................................................................. 250 Bağdat ......................................................................................................... 252 Tokat........................................................................................................... 253 Varna .......................................................................................................... 254 Silistre Eyaletine bağlı Tolcu, İsmail ve Kili Kaleleri ......................... 255 Bender kalesi ............................................................................................. 255 Özi .............................................................................................................. 256 iii Biga ............................................................................................................. 256 Gelibolu ..................................................................................................... 256 Belgrad ....................................................................................................... 257 Narin Kalesi............................................................................................... 258 Varat Kalesi ............................................................................................... 259 Bosna .......................................................................................................... 259 Banyaluka ................................................................................................... 260 Üsküp ......................................................................................................... 260 Gölikesri Kalesi ........................................................................................ 261 Sarıgöl Kasabası ........................................................................................ 261 Arnavutluk ................................................................................................. 262 İstep Kalesi ................................................................................................ 262 Verica Kasabası ......................................................................................... 262 Budin .......................................................................................................... 263 Estergon Kalesi ......................................................................................... 264 Uyvar Kalesi .............................................................................................. 265 Öziçse ......................................................................................................... 265 Çayneçse..................................................................................................... 265 Foça ............................................................................................................ 266 Mostar ........................................................................................................ 266 Kanije ......................................................................................................... 266 Beşli Varoşu............................................................................................... 267 Bosna .......................................................................................................... 268 Macaristan .................................................................................................. 268 Kırım .......................................................................................................... 269 Çerkezler .................................................................................................... 272 Tavustan ..................................................................................................... 274 Dağıstan ..................................................................................................... 275 Akkirman-Azak ......................................................................................... 275 Dırama ........................................................................................................ 276 Selanik ........................................................................................................ 277 Vardar Yenicesi ......................................................................................... 279 iv Aşağı Tırhala.............................................................................................. 281 İzdin ............................................................................................................ 281 Livadiye ...................................................................................................... 282 Harap İstife Kalesi ................................................................................... 282 Eğriboz ....................................................................................................... 282 Atina ........................................................................................................... 283 Kördös Kalesi ........................................................................................... 284 Kefelonya ................................................................................................... 284 Anavarin Kalesi......................................................................................... 285 Misehor Varoşu ........................................................................................ 286 Çakutya Kalesi........................................................................................... 286 Tarapoliçse ................................................................................................. 287 Anapoli Kalesi ........................................................................................... 287 Mora ........................................................................................................... 288 İnebahtı ...................................................................................................... 289 Zeban Kasabası......................................................................................... 289 Yanya .......................................................................................................... 289 Aydonat Şehri............................................................................................ 290 Ergiri (Arnavutluk) ................................................................................... 291 İlbasan ........................................................................................................ 294 Ohri............................................................................................................. 295 Aşağı Usturme şehri ................................................................................. 295 Hayrabolu .................................................................................................. 296 Tekirdağ ..................................................................................................... 297 Kütahya ...................................................................................................... 297 Afyonkarahisar .......................................................................................... 298 Uşak ............................................................................................................ 298 Simav-Demirci .......................................................................................... 299 Akhisar- Turgutlu ..................................................................................... 300 Manisa- Bergama ...................................................................................... 301 İzmir ........................................................................................................... 303 Sakız Adası ................................................................................................. 304 v Kuşadası ..................................................................................................... 306 Güzelhisar Aydın ...................................................................................... 306 Tire .............................................................................................................. 307 Yenice –Birgi- Sultanhisar ....................................................................... 307 Denizli ........................................................................................................ 308 Muğla- Ula ................................................................................................. 309 İstanköy- Andimahi -Sömbeki Adası .................................................... 310 Rodos.......................................................................................................... 311 Antalya........................................................................................................ 312 Kafirabad - Larende ................................................................................. 312 Adana-Maraş ............................................................................................. 313 Ayıntab ....................................................................................................... 314 Kilis - Azez ................................................................................................ 315 Halep .......................................................................................................... 316 Behlüliye ..................................................................................................... 317 Trablusşam ................................................................................................ 317 Beyrut- Sayda ............................................................................................ 318 Nablus ........................................................................................................ 320 Kudüs ......................................................................................................... 321 Şam- Havran.............................................................................................. 322 Maan Kalesi ............................................................................................... 326 Medine ........................................................................................................ 327 Cüdeyde-Mu‗allâ-Mina ............................................................................ 328 Mekke ......................................................................................................... 330 Mısır ............................................................................................................ 335 Circe ............................................................................................................ 337 Osmanlı Bölgesinde Yaşayan Diğer Milletlerin Giyimleri ......... 339 İran .............................................................................................................. 339 İtil Moğol kavmi ....................................................................................... 340 Dağıstan ..................................................................................................... 341 Lübnan ....................................................................................................... 341 Nihavend ................................................................................................... 341 vi