Evidence-Based Practice of Critical Care

754 Pages·2019·15.445 MB·English

by  Clifford Deutschman, Patrick Neligan

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2015v1.0
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE of
CRITICAL CARE

EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE of
CRITICAL CARE
third edition
Clifford S. Deutschman, MS, MD, FCCM
Vice Chair, Research
Department of Pediatrics
Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Medical Center
New Hyde Park, New York
Professor of Pediatrics and Molecular Medicine
Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine
Hempstead, New York
Professor of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and
Professor, The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine
Manhasset, New York
Patrick J. Neligan, MA, MB, FCAI, FJFICMI
Consultant in Anaesthesia, Special Interest in Intensive Care
Medical Director, Critical Care
Galway University Hospitals
Honorary Professor of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
National University of Ireland, Galway
Clincal Lead in Sepsis
Saolta Healthcare Group
Ireland
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE OF CRITICAL CARE, ISBN: 978-0-323-64068-8
THIRD EDITION
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
Previous editions copyrighted 2016, 2010
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
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This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher
(other than as may be noted herein).
Notice
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating
and using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid
advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages
should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors
or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability,
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Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To my family:
Cate, Beth, and Nicki, who make us so proud, and Chris,
for truly being my better half for three and a half decades.
Clifford S. Deutschman, MS, MD
To Diane, David, Conor, and Kate and to
my parents, Maurice and Dympna Neligan,
for their continued support and wisdom.
Patrick J. Neligan, MA, MB, FCAI, FJFICIMI
In memory of Brian Kavanagh
friend and colleague, clinician and scientist
contributor to the first edition, mentor to many of the authors of this one
and, too sadly, not here to be embarrassed by this dedication.

CONTRIBUTORS
Gareth L. Ackland, PhD, FRCA, FFICM Ian J. Barbash, MD, MS Thomas P. Bleck, MD, MCCM, FNCS
Reader in Perioperative Medicine Assistant Professor Professor of Neurology
Translational Medicine & Therapeutics Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Northwestern University Feinberg School
William Harvey Research Institute Care Medicine, Department of Medicine of Medicine
Barts and The London School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Emeritus Professor of Neurological
and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Sciences, Neurosurgery, Anesthesiology,
London and Medicine
London, United Kingdom John James Bates, MB, BCh, BAO, Rush Medical College
MRCPI, FCAI, FCICM, FJFICMI Chicago, Illinois
Adeel Rafi Ahmed, MB BCh, BAO, Consultant in Anaesthesia & Intensive Care
MRCPI, MRCP(UK), PGDip(ClinEd) Galway University Hospitals Christina Boncyk, MD
Registrar/Fellow Honorary Professor of Anaesthesia and Assistant Professor
Department of Nephrology Intensive Care Department of Anesthesiology
University Hospital Galway National University of Ireland, Galway Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Galway, Ireland Clinical Lead for Critical Care Nashville, Tennessee
Saolta Healthcare Group
Djillali Annane, MD, PhD Ireland Jason C. Brainard, MD
Professor and Director, General Intensive Associate Professor
Care Unit Michael Bauer, MD Department of Anesthesiology
Hospital Raymond Poincaré, Assistance Director, Department of Anaesthesiology University of Colorado School of Medicine
Publique Hôpitaux de Paris and Intensive Care Aurora, Colorado
Dean, School of Medicine Simone Veil, Chief Executive Director, Center for Sepsis
at University of Versailles Saint Quentin Control & Care Scott C. Brakenridge, MD, FACS, MSCS
en Yvelines Jena University Hospital Assistant Professor of Surgery and
University Paris Saclay Jena, Germany Anesthesiology
Garches, France Department of Surgery, Division of Acute
Amy L. Bellinghausen, MD Care Surgery
Eman Ansari, MD, MPH Fellow University of Florida
Faculty Physician Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care Gainesville, Florida
Department of Medicine and Sleep Medicine
Boston Children’s Hospital University of California San Diego Frank Martin Brunkhorst, MD
Instructor of Pediatrics San Diego, California Director, Center of Clinical Studies
Harvard Medical School Professor of Anaesthesiology and Intensive
Boston, Massachusetts William S. Bender, MD, MPH Care Medicine
Assistant Professor Jena University Hospital
Hubertus Axer, MD Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Jena, Germany
Professor Care and Sleep Medicine
Hans Berger Department of Neurology Emory University School of Medicine Tara Cahill, BSc(Physio), MSc
Jena University Hospital Atlanta, Georgia Respiratory Physiotherapy
Jena, Germany Galway University Hospital, Saolta
Matthew R. Biery, DO University Healthcare Group
Jan Bakker, MD, PhD, FCCP, FCCM Attending Physician National University of Ireland Galway
Department of Pulmonology Department of Critical Care and Galway, Ireland
and Critical Care Emergency Medicine
New York University and Columbia Jefferson Health System Christina Campbell, Mb BCh,
University Medical Center Assistant Clinical Professor of Emergency BAO, RCPI
New York, New York Medicine Respiratory Specialist Registrar
Intensive Care, Adults Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Galway University Hospital, Saolta
Erasmus MC University Medical Center Medicine University Healthcare Group
Rotterdam, The Netherlands Philadelphia, Pennsylvania National University of Ireland Galway
Department of Intensive Care Galway, Ireland
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Alexandra Binnie, MD, DPhil
Santiago, Chile Associate Staff Physician Jonathan Dale Casey, MD, MSCI
Department of Critical Care Assistant Professor of Medicine
William Osler Health System Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and
Brampton, Canada Critical Care
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee
vii
viii CONTRIBUTORS
Jean-Marc Cavaillon, Dr.Sc Clifford S. Deutschman, MS, MD, Stephen Duff, MD
Professor MCCM School of Medicine
Experimental Neuropathology Vice Chair, Research University College Dublin
Institut Pasteur Department of Pediatrics Dublin, Ireland
Paris, France Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s
Medical Center Philip A. Efron, MD, FACS, FCCM
Maurizio Cereda, MD New Hyde Park, New York Professor of Surgery
Associate Professor Professor of Pediatrics and Molecular Department of Surgery, Division of Acute
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Medicine Care Surgery
Care Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine University of Florida
Perelman School of Medicine at the Hempstead, New York Gainesville, Florida
University of Pennsylvania Professor of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Institute for Medical Research and Sinéad Egan, MB, BCH, BAO, FCAI
Professor, The Elmezzi Department of Anesthesia and Intensive
David J. Cooper, BMBS, MD Graduate School of Molecular Medicine Care
Professor of Intensive Care Medicine Manhasset, New York Beaumont Hospital
Monash University Dublin, Ireland
Melbourne, Australia David Devlin, FRCA, MRCPI
Clinical Fellow Ali A. El Solh, MD, MPH
Craig M. Coopersmith, MD, FACS, Galway University Hospital Professor
FCCM Galway, Ireland Department of Medicine, Epidemiology,
Professor and Environmental Health
Department of Surgery Claudia C. Dos Santos, MSc, MD Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical
Emory Critical Care Center Associate Professor of Medicine Sciences and School of Public Health and
Emory University Scientist, Institute of Medical Sciences Health Professions
Atlanta, Georgia University of Toronto University at Buffalo
Scientist, Keenan Research Centre for Associate Chief of Staff for Research
Jennifer Cruz, DO Biomedical Science VA Western New York Healthcare System
Cardiovascular Disease Fellow St. Michael’s Hospital Buffalo, New York
Department of Cardiovascular Disease Toronto, Canada
Cooper University E. Wesley Ely, MD, MPH
Camden, New Jersey Tomas Drabek, MD, PhD, FASA Grant Liddle Honorary Chair, Professor of
Associate Professor Medicine
Cheston B. Cunha, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and
Medical Director, Antimicrobial Perioperative Medicine Survivorship (CIBS) Center
Stewardship Scientist Assoc. Director of Aging Research, VA
Infectious Disease Division Safar Center for Resuscitation Research Tennessee Valley GRECC
Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University of Pittsburgh Vanderbilt University Medical Center
University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Nashville, Tennessee
Providence, Rhode Island
Laura Dragoi, MD Laura Evans, MD, MSc
Gerard F. Curley, MB, PhD, FCAI Fellow Associate Professor
FJFICMI Department of Critical Care Medicine Departments of Pulmonary, Critical Care,
Professor & Chair of Anaesthesiology & Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Sleep Medicine
Critical Care Toronto, Canada New York University School of Medicine
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland New York, New York
Consultant in Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Martin Dres, MD, PhD
Beaumont Hospital Sorbonne Université Jessica Falco-Walter, MD
Dublin, Ireland Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Clinical Assistant Professor
Expérimentale et Clinique Department of Neurology and
Allison Dalton, MD Pneumologie, Médecine Intensive – Neurological Sciences
Assistant Professor Réanimation Stanford University
Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care La Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital Palo Alto, California
University of Chicago Paris, France
Chicago, Illinois Jonathan K. Frogel, MD
Anne M. Drewry, MD, MSCI Senior Anesthestiologist
Daniel De Backer, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Anesthesiology Sheba Medical Center
Professor Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology
Intensive Care Department Washington University School of Medicine Ramat Gan, Israel
CHIREC Hospitals, Université Libre de St. Louis, Missouri
Bruxelles
Brussels, Belgium