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Evidence-Based Obstetrics and Gynecology Evidence-Based Obstetrics and Gynecology EDITED BY Errol R. Norwitz, MD, PhD, MBA LouisE.PhaneufProfessorofObstetrics&Gynecology TuftsUniversitySchoolofMedicine ChiefScientificOfficer Chair,DepartmentofObstetrics&Gynecology TuftsMedicalCenter Boston,MA,USA Carolyn M. Zelop, MD DirectorofUltrasoundandPerinatalResearch DivisionofMFMandDepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology TheValleyHospital,Ridgewood,NJ,USA ClinicalProfessorofObstetricsandGynecology NYUSchoolofMedicine,NewYork,NY,USA David A. Miller, MD DivisionofMaternal-FetalMedicine DepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology KeckSchoolofMedicine UniversityofSouthernCalifornia LosAngeles,CA,USA David L. Keefe, MD StanleyH.KaplanProfessor DepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology NYULangoneMedicalCenter NewYork,NY,USA Thiseditionfirstpublished2019 ©2019JohnWiley&SonsLtd Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyany means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedbylaw.Adviceonhowtoobtainpermission toreusematerialfromthistitleisavailableathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. TherightofErrolR.Norwitz,CarolynM.Zelop,DavidA.Miller,andDavidL.Keefetobeidentifiedastheauthor(s)oftheeditorial materialinthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewithlaw. RegisteredOffice(s) JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USA JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK EditorialOffice 9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,customerservices,andmoreinformationaboutWileyproductsvisitusatwww.wiley.com. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformatsandbyprint-on-demand.Somecontentthatappearsinstandardprint versionsofthisbookmaynotbeavailableinotherformats. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty Thecontentsofthisworkareintendedtofurthergeneralscientificresearch,understanding,anddiscussiononlyandarenotintended andshouldnotberelieduponasrecommendingorpromotingscientificmethod,diagnosis,ortreatmentbyphysiciansforany particularpatient.Inviewofongoingresearch,equipmentmodifications,changesingovernmentalregulations,andtheconstantflow ofinformationrelatingtotheuseofmedicines,equipment,anddevices,thereaderisurgedtoreviewandevaluatetheinformation providedinthepackageinsertorinstructionsforeachmedicine,equipment,ordevicefor,amongotherthings,anychangesinthe instructionsorindicationofusageandforaddedwarningsandprecautions.Whilethepublisherandauthorshaveusedtheirbest effortsinpreparingthiswork,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontents ofthisworkandspecificallydisclaimallwarranties,includingwithoutlimitationanyimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitness foraparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysalesrepresentatives,writtensalesmaterialsorpromotional statementsforthiswork.Thefactthatanorganization,website,orproductisreferredtointhisworkasacitationand/orpotential sourceoffurtherinformationdoesnotmeanthatthepublisherandauthorsendorsetheinformationorservicestheorganization, website,orproductmayprovideorrecommendationsitmaymake.Thisworkissoldwiththeunderstandingthatthepublisherisnot engagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.You shouldconsultwithaspecialistwhereappropriate.Further,readersshouldbeawarethatwebsiteslistedinthisworkmayhave changedordisappearedbetweenwhenthisworkwaswrittenandwhenitisread.Neitherthepublishernorauthorsshallbeliablefor anylossofprofitoranyothercommercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Norwitz,ErrolR.,editor.|Zelop,CarolynM.,editor.|Miller, DavidA.(DavidArthur),1961-editor.|Keefe,David(DavidL.),editor. Title:Evidence-basedobstetricsandgynecology/editedbyErrolR.Norwitz, CarolynM.Zelop,DavidA.Miller,DavidL.Keefe. Othertitles:Evidence-basedobstetricsandgynecology(Norwitz) Description:Hoboken,NJ:Wiley,2019.|Includesbibliographicalreferences andindex.| Identifiers:LCCN2018041057(print)|LCCN2018041689(ebook)|ISBN 9781119072928(AdobePDF)|ISBN9781119072959(ePub)|ISBN9781444334333 (hardback) Subjects:|MESH:GenitalDiseases,Female|PregnancyComplications| Evidence-BasedMedicine Classification:LCCRG101(ebook)|LCCRG101(print)|NLMWP140|DDC 618.1–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018041057 CoverDesign:Wiley CoverImages:©monkeybusinessimages/GettyImages ©JohnFedele/GettyImages,©Bohbeh/Shutterstock ©DoroGuzenda/Shutterstock Setin9/12ptandMeridienLTStdbySPiGlobal,Chennai,India 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Listofcontributors,ix 1 Evidence-basedmedicineinobstetricsandgynecology,1 Jeanne-MarieGuise Section1 Gynecology DavidL.Keefe GeneralGynecology 2 Abnormalmenstrualbleeding,13 CynthiaFarquharandJulieBrown 3 Terminationofpregnancy,21 RichardLyusandPatriciaA.Lohr 4 Miscarriageandectopicpregnancy,33 CelsoSilvaandAnitaPatel 5 Pelvicpain,49 JaneMoore 6 Genitaltractinfections,55 VeronicaAdes 7 Uterinefibroids,63 DavidL.KulakandJamesH.Segars 8 Endometriosisandadenomyosis,75 MariaVictoriaVargasandKathyHuang 9 Contraceptionandsterilization,89 RashaS.KhouryandDanielleM.Roncari Urogynecology 10 Pelvicfloorprolapse/urinaryincontinence,101 ScottW.Smilen,KimberleyFerrante,DianneGlass,andDominiqueMalacarne Reproductiveendocrinologyandinfertility 11 Amenorrhea,109 A.RezaRadjabiandDavidL.Keefe 12 Polycysticovariansyndrome,117 LubnaPalandShefaliPathy v vi Contents 13 Recurrentpregnancyloss,131 H.J.A.Carp 14 Unexplainedinfertility,145 Anne-SophieBoes,DianeDeNeubourg,KarenPeeraer,CarlaTomassetti,ChristelMeuleman, andThomasD’Hooghe 15 MenopauseandHRT,155 JennaFriedenthal,FrederickNaftolin,LilaNachtigall,andStevenGoldstein Gynecologiconcology 16 Cervicalcancer,165 JovanaY.Martin,BrittK.Erickson,andWarnerK.Huh 17 Vulval/vaginalcancer,173 JessicaLeeandJohnP.Curtin 18 Endometrialcancer,181 StephanieV.BlankandZacharyP.Schwartz 19 CervicaldysplasiaandHPV,189 MiladeMouraBeharPontremoliSalcedoandKathleenM.Schmeler Section2 Obstetrics CarolynM.Zelop Generalobstetrics 20 Preconceptioncare,201 HaywoodBrown 21 Prenataldiagnosis,213 LisaC.Zuckerwise,KarenArchabald,andJoshuaCopel 22 Hyperemesisgravidarum,225 VeronicaGillispieandSherriLongo 23 Drugsandmedicationinpregnancy,233 MaisaN.FeghaliandSteveN.Caritis Maternalcomplications 24 Asthma,247 JenniferA.NamazyandMichaelSchatz 25 Hypertensivedisordersofpregnancy,255 AndreiRebarber 26 Cardiovasculardisease,265 MeganL.JonesandMichaelR.Foley 27 Renaldisease,287 ArunJeyabalan 28 Diabetesmellitus,297 MargaretDziadoszandAshleyS.Roman 29 Thyroiddisease,303 SarahJ.Kilpatrick Contents vii 30 Neurologicdisease,315 PeterW.Kaplan,EmilyL.Johnson,andPayamMohassel 31 Diagnosisandmanagementofantiphospholipidsyndrome,325 CaraHeuserandWareBranch 32 Hematologicdisease,335 PeterW.Marks 33 Infectionsinpregnancy,343 JenniferAmorosa,JaneGoldman,andRhodaSperling 34 Venousthromboembolicdisease,355 B.RyanBallandMichaelJ.Paidas 35 Gastrointestinaldisorders,365 ShivaniR.PatelandRichardH.Lee 36 Psychiatricdisease,377 MichaelK.SimoniandKimberlyYonkers 37 Pretermlabor,385 JosesA.JainandCynthiaGyamfi-Bannerman 38 Pretermprematureruptureofmembranes(PPROM),397 GeorgeGrahamandStephanieBakaysa 39 Antepartumhemorrhage,407 JoannaGibson,NadaSabir,andJamesNeilson 40 Vaginalbirthaftercesareandelivery,419 CarolynM.Zelop 41 Post-termpregnancy,431 JohnSmulianandJoanneQuinones Fetalcomplications 42 Disordersofamnioticfluidvolume,443 MarieBeallandMichaelRoss 43 Disordersoffetalgrowth,451 KatherineR.GoetzingerandAnthonyO.Odibo 44 Multiplepregnanciesandbirths,467 IsaacBlicksteinandOrenBarak 45 Intrauterinefetaldemise,479 RanaSnipeBerry 46 Fetalanomalies,487 AshleyT.PetersonandSabrinaD.Craigo 47 Antepartum/intrapartumfetalsurveillance,495 DavidA.Miller 48 Hydropsfetalis,513 JoongShinPark viii Contents 49 Malpresentation,521 JosephG.OuzounianandShivaniR.Patel Peripartumcomplications 50 Induction/augmentationoflabor,527 ChristineFarinelli,LiliSheibani,andDeborahWing 51 Postpartumhemorrhage,545 AlexandriaJ.Hill,KarinFox,andStephanieR.Martin 52 Obstetricemergencies,559 KarinFox,AlexandriaJ.Hill,andStephanieR.Martin 53 Methodsforspontaneousdelivery,569 CarrieLynnJohnson 54 Operativevaginaldelivery,583 GaryA.DildyandStevenL.Clark 55 Cesareandeliveryintheobeseparturient,593 DianaA.RacusinandAlexC.Vidaeff Index,601

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Evidence-Based Obstetrics and Gynecology Evidence-Based Obstetrics and Gynecology EDITED BY Errol R. Norwitz, MD, PhD, MBA LouisE.PhaneufProfessorofObstetrics&Gynecology TuftsUniversitySchoolofMedicine ChiefScientificOfficer Chair,DepartmentofObstetrics&Gynecology TuftsMedicalCenter Boston,MA,USA Carolyn M. Zelop, MD DirectorofUltrasoundandPerinatalResearch DivisionofMFMandDepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology TheValleyHospital,Ridgewood,NJ,USA ClinicalProfessorofObstetricsandGynecology NYUSchoolofMedicine,NewYork,NY,USA David A. Miller, MD DivisionofMaternal-FetalMedicine DepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology KeckSchoolofMedicine UniversityofSouthernCalifornia LosAngeles,CA,USA David L. Keefe, MD StanleyH.KaplanProfessor DepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology NYULangoneMedicalCenter NewYork,NY,USA Thiseditionfirstpublished2019 ©2019JohnWiley&SonsLtd Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyany means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedbylaw.Adviceonhowtoobtainpermission toreusematerialfromthistitleisavailableathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. TherightofErrolR.Norwitz,CarolynM.Zelop,DavidA.Miller,andDavidL.Keefetobeidentifiedastheauthor(s)oftheeditorial materialinthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewithlaw. RegisteredOffice(s) JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USA JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK EditorialOffice 9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,customerservices,andmoreinformationaboutWileyproductsvisitusatwww.wiley.com. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformatsandbyprint-on-demand.Somecontentthatappearsinstandardprint versionsofthisbookmaynotbeavailableinotherformats. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty Thecontentsofthisworkareintendedtofurthergeneralscientificresearch,understanding,anddiscussiononlyandarenotintended andshouldnotberelieduponasrecommendingorpromotingscientificmethod,diagnosis,ortreatmentbyphysiciansforany particularpatient.Inviewofongoingresearch,equipmentmodifications,changesingovernmentalregulations,andtheconstantflow ofinformationrelatingtotheuseofmedicines,equipment,anddevices,thereaderisurgedtoreviewandevaluatetheinformation providedinthepackageinsertorinstructionsforeachmedicine,equipment,ordevicefor,amongotherthings,anychangesinthe instructionsorindicationofusageandforaddedwarningsandprecautions.Whilethepublisherandauthorshaveusedtheirbest effortsinpreparingthiswork,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontents ofthisworkandspecificallydisclaimallwarranties,includingwithoutlimitationanyimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitness foraparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysalesrepresentatives,writtensalesmaterialsorpromotional statementsforthiswork.Thefactthatanorganization,website,orproductisreferredtointhisworkasacitationand/orpotential sourceoffurtherinformationdoesnotmeanthatthepublisherandauthorsendorsetheinformationorservicestheorganization, website,orproductmayprovideorrecommendationsitmaymake.Thisworkissoldwiththeunderstandingthatthepublisherisnot engagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.You shouldconsultwithaspecialistwhereappropriate.Further,readersshouldbeawarethatwebsiteslistedinthisworkmayhave changedordisappearedbetweenwhenthisworkwaswrittenandwhenitisread.Neitherthepublishernorauthorsshallbeliablefor anylossofprofitoranyothercommercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Norwitz,ErrolR.,editor.|Zelop,CarolynM.,editor.|Miller, DavidA.(DavidArthur),1961-editor.|Keefe,David(DavidL.),editor. Title:Evidence-basedobstetricsandgynecology/editedbyErrolR.Norwitz, CarolynM.Zelop,DavidA.Miller,DavidL.Keefe. Othertitles:Evidence-basedobstetricsandgynecology(Norwitz) Description:Hoboken,NJ:Wiley,2019.|Includesbibliographicalreferences andindex.| Identifiers:LCCN2018041057(print)|LCCN2018041689(ebook)|ISBN 9781119072928(AdobePDF)|ISBN9781119072959(ePub)|ISBN9781444334333 (hardback) Subjects:|MESH:GenitalDiseases,Female|PregnancyComplications| Evidence-BasedMedicine Classification:LCCRG101(ebook)|LCCRG101(print)|NLMWP140|DDC 618.1–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018041057 CoverDesign:Wiley CoverImages:©monkeybusinessimages/GettyImages ©JohnFedele/GettyImages,©Bohbeh/Shutterstock ©DoroGuzenda/Shutterstock Setin9/12ptandMeridienLTStdbySPiGlobal,Chennai,India 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Listofcontributors,ix 1 Evidence-basedmedicineinobstetricsandgynecology,1 Jeanne-MarieGuise Section1 Gynecology DavidL.Keefe GeneralGynecology 2 Abnormalmenstrualbleeding,13 CynthiaFarquharandJulieBrown 3 Terminationofpregnancy,21 RichardLyusandPatriciaA.Lohr 4 Miscarriageandectopicpregnancy,33 CelsoSilvaandAnitaPatel 5 Pelvicpain,49 JaneMoore 6 Genitaltractinfections,55 VeronicaAdes 7 Uterinefibroids,63 DavidL.KulakandJamesH.Segars 8 Endometriosisandadenomyosis,75 MariaVictoriaVargasandKathyHuang 9 Contraceptionandsterilization,89 RashaS.KhouryandDanielleM.Roncari Urogynecology 10 Pelvicfloorprolapse/urinaryincontinence,101 ScottW.Smilen,KimberleyFerrante,DianneGlass,andDominiqueMalacarne Reproductiveendocrinologyandinfertility 11 Amenorrhea,109 A.RezaRadjabiandDavidL.Keefe 12 Polycysticovariansyndrome,117 LubnaPalandShefaliPathy v vi Contents 13 Recurrentpregnancyloss,131 H.J.A.Carp 14 Unexplainedinfertility,145 Anne-SophieBoes,DianeDeNeubourg,KarenPeeraer,CarlaTomassetti,ChristelMeuleman, andThomasD’Hooghe 15 MenopauseandHRT,155 JennaFriedenthal,FrederickNaftolin,LilaNachtigall,andStevenGoldstein Gynecologiconcology 16 Cervicalcancer,165 JovanaY.Martin,BrittK.Erickson,andWarnerK.Huh 17 Vulval/vaginalcancer,173 JessicaLeeandJohnP.Curtin 18 Endometrialcancer,181 StephanieV.BlankandZacharyP.Schwartz 19 CervicaldysplasiaandHPV,189 MiladeMouraBeharPontremoliSalcedoandKathleenM.Schmeler Section2 Obstetrics CarolynM.Zelop Generalobstetrics 20 Preconceptioncare,201 HaywoodBrown 21 Prenataldiagnosis,213 LisaC.Zuckerwise,KarenArchabald,andJoshuaCopel 22 Hyperemesisgravidarum,225 VeronicaGillispieandSherriLongo 23 Drugsandmedicationinpregnancy,233 MaisaN.FeghaliandSteveN.Caritis Maternalcomplications 24 Asthma,247 JenniferA.NamazyandMichaelSchatz 25 Hypertensivedisordersofpregnancy,255 AndreiRebarber 26 Cardiovasculardisease,265 MeganL.JonesandMichaelR.Foley 27 Renaldisease,287 ArunJeyabalan 28 Diabetesmellitus,297 MargaretDziadoszandAshleyS.Roman 29 Thyroiddisease,303 SarahJ.Kilpatrick Contents vii 30 Neurologicdisease,315 PeterW.Kaplan,EmilyL.Johnson,andPayamMohassel 31 Diagnosisandmanagementofantiphospholipidsyndrome,325 CaraHeuserandWareBranch 32 Hematologicdisease,335 PeterW.Marks 33 Infectionsinpregnancy,343 JenniferAmorosa,JaneGoldman,andRhodaSperling 34 Venousthromboembolicdisease,355 B.RyanBallandMichaelJ.Paidas 35 Gastrointestinaldisorders,365 ShivaniR.PatelandRichardH.Lee 36 Psychiatricdisease,377 MichaelK.SimoniandKimberlyYonkers 37 Pretermlabor,385 JosesA.JainandCynthiaGyamfi-Bannerman 38 Pretermprematureruptureofmembranes(PPROM),397 GeorgeGrahamandStephanieBakaysa 39 Antepartumhemorrhage,407 JoannaGibson,NadaSabir,andJamesNeilson 40 Vaginalbirthaftercesareandelivery,419 CarolynM.Zelop 41 Post-termpregnancy,431 JohnSmulianandJoanneQuinones Fetalcomplications 42 Disordersofamnioticfluidvolume,443 MarieBeallandMichaelRoss 43 Disordersoffetalgrowth,451 KatherineR.GoetzingerandAnthonyO.Odibo 44 Multiplepregnanciesandbirths,467 IsaacBlicksteinandOrenBarak 45 Intrauterinefetaldemise,479 RanaSnipeBerry 46 Fetalanomalies,487 AshleyT.PetersonandSabrinaD.Craigo 47 Antepartum/intrapartumfetalsurveillance,495 DavidA.Miller 48 Hydropsfetalis,513 JoongShinPark viii Contents 49 Malpresentation,521 JosephG.OuzounianandShivaniR.Patel Peripartumcomplications 50 Induction/augmentationoflabor,527 ChristineFarinelli,LiliSheibani,andDeborahWing 51 Postpartumhemorrhage,545 AlexandriaJ.Hill,KarinFox,andStephanieR.Martin 52 Obstetricemergencies,559 KarinFox,AlexandriaJ.Hill,andStephanieR.Martin 53 Methodsforspontaneousdelivery,569 CarrieLynnJohnson 54 Operativevaginaldelivery,583 GaryA.DildyandStevenL.Clark 55 Cesareandeliveryintheobeseparturient,593 DianaA.RacusinandAlexC.Vidaeff Index,601

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