Everything Science Grade 12

461 Pages·2012·7.4 MB·English

1IA 180
1 2.2 2
H Periodic Table of the Elements He
2IIA 13IIIA 14IVA 15VA 16VIA 17VIIA
1,01 4,00
3 0.98 4 1.57 No EN 5 2.04 6 2.55 7 3.04 8 3.44 9 3.98 10
Li Be Element B C N O F Ne
6,94 9,01 AMU 10,8 12,0 14,0 16,0 19,0 20,2
11 0.93 12 1.31 13 1.61 14 1.90 15 2.19 16 2.58 17 3.16 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
3IIIB 4IVB 5VB 6VIB 7VIIB 8VII 9VII 10VII 11IB 12IIB
23,0 24,3 27,0 28,1 31,0 32,1 35,45 39,9
19 0.93 20 1.00 21 1.36 22 1.54 23 1.63 24 1.66 25 1.55 26 1.33 27 1.88 28 1.91 29 1.90 30 1.65 31 1.81 32 2.01 33 2.18 34 2.55 35 2.96 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39,1 40,1 45,0 47,9 50,9 52,0 54,9 55,8 58,9 58,7 63,5 65,4 69,7 72,6 74,9 79,0 79,9 83,8
37 0.82 38 0.95 39 1.22 40 1.33 41 1.60 42 2.16 43 1.90 44 2.20 45 2.28 46 2.20 47 1.93 48 1.69 49 1.78 50 1.96 51 2.05 52 2.10 53 2.66 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85,5 87,6 88,9 91,2 92,9 95,9 (98) 101,1 102,9 106,4 107,9 112,4 114,8 118,7 121,8 127,6 126,9 131,3
55 0.79 56 0.89 57-71 72 1.30 73 1.50 74 2.36 75 1.90 76 2.20 77 2.20 78 2.28 79 2.54 80 2.00 81 1.62 82 2.33 83 2.02 84 2.00 85 2.20 86
Cs Ba La-Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132,9 137,3 Lanthanides 178,5 180,9 183,8 186,2 190,2 192,2 195,1 197,0 200,6 204,4 207,2 209,0 (209) (210) (222)
87 0.7 88 0.9 89-103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Fr Ra Ac-Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Uut Uuq Uup Uuh Uus Uuo
(223) 226,0 Actinides (261) (262) (263) (262) (265) (266) (269) (272) (277) (284) (289) (288) (293) (282) (282)
TransitionMetal 57 1.10 58 1.12 59 1.13 60 1.14 61 62 1.17 63 64 1.20 65 66 1.22 67 1.23 68 1.24 69 1.25 70 71 1.27
Metal La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Metalloid
Non-metal 138,9 140,1 140,9 144,2 (145) 150,4 152,0 157,3 158,9 162,5 164,9 167,3 168,9 173,0 175,0
NobleGas
Lanthanide 89 1.10 90 1.30 91 1.50 92 1.38 93 1.36 94 1.28 95 1.30 96 1.30 97 1.30 98 1.30 99 1.30 100 1.30 101 1.30 102 1.30 103
Actinide Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
227,0 232,0 231,0 238,0 237,0 (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (258) (260)
Everything Science
Grade 12 Physical Science
Version 0.9 – NCS
by Siyavula and volunteers
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Authors List
ThisbookisbasedupontheoriginalFreeHighSchoolScienceTextwhichwasentirelywritten
by volunteer academics, educators and industry professionals. Their vision was to see a cur-
riculum aligned set of mathematics and physical science textbooks which are freely available
to anybody and exist under an open copyrightlicense.
Siyavulacore team
MarkHorner;HeatherWilliams
OriginalFree High School ScienceTexts core team
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Everything Science
Whenwelookoutsideateverythinginnature,lookaroundusateverythingmanufacturedorlookupateverything
inspacewecannotbutbestruckbytheincrediblediversityandcomplexityoflife;somanythings,thatlookso
different,operatinginsuchuniqueways. Thephysicaluniversereallycontainsincrediblecomplexity.
Yet, what is even more remarkable than this seeming complexity is the fact that things in the physical universe
are knowable. We can investigate them, analyse them and understand them. It is this ability to understand the
physicaluniversethatallowsustotransformelementsandmaketechnologicalprogresspossible.
Ifwelookbackatsomeofthethingsthatdevelopedoverthelastcentury–spacetravel,advancesinmedicine,
wireless communication (from television to mobile phones) and materials a thousand times stronger than steel
– we see they are not the consequence of magic or some inexplicable phenomena. They were all developed
throughthestudyandsystematicapplicationofthephysicalsciences. Soaswelookforwardatthe21stcentury
andsomeoftheproblemsofpoverty, diseaseandpollutionthatfaceus, itispartlytothephysicalscienceswe
needtoturn.
Forhowevergreatthesechallengesseem,weknowthatthephysicaluniverseisknowableandthatthededicated
study thereof can lead to the most remarkable advances. There can hardly be a more exciting challenge than
layingbaretheseemingcomplexityofthephysicaluniverseandworkingwiththeincrediblediversitythereinto
developproductsandservicesthataddrealqualitytopeople’slives.
Physical sciences is far more wonderful, exciting and beautiful than magic! It is everywhere. See introductory
videobyDr. MarkHorner: VPsfkatwww.everythingscience.co.za
More than a regular textbook
EverythingScienceisnotjustaSciencetextbook. Ithaseverythingyouexpectfromyourregularprintedschool
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explanationswhichhelpbringtheideasandconceptstolife. Summarypresentationsattheendofeverychapter
offeranoverviewofthecontentcovered,withkeypointshighlightedforeasyrevision.
Alltheexercisesinside thebooklinktoaservicewhereyoucangetmorepractice, seethefullsolutionortest
yourskillslevelonmobileandPC.
Weareinterestedinwhatyouthink,wonderaboutorstrugglewithasyoureadthroughthebookandattemptthe
exercises. That is why we made it possible for you to use your mobile phone or computer to digitally pin your
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To watch the videos on-line, practise your skills or post a question, go to the Everything Science website at
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Practice and test your skills
Oneofthebestwaystoprepareforyourtestsandexamsistopracticeansweringthesamekindofquestionsyou
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Seemorepractice (QM123)
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