Everyday VOCABULARY + Grammar (Повседневный лексикон + грамматика)

320 Pages·2011·45.225 MB·Russian

by  Дроздова Т.Ю., Тоткало Н.В.

Т. Ю. Дроздова, Н. В. Тоткало
E v e r y d a y
V O C A B U L A R Y
+ G r a m m a r
FOR INTERMEDIATE STUDENTS
WITH A SEPARATE KEY VOLUME
Санкт-Петербург
ББК 81.2Англ
Д75
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ДроздоваТ.Ю., Тоткало Н. В.
Д75 Everyday Vocabulary + Grammar : ForIntermediateStudents:учебноепособие. – СПб. :
Антология, 2010. – 320 с.
ISBN 978-5-94962-187-5
Учебное пособие “Everyday VOCABULARY + Grammar” предназначено для углублённого
изучения слов и выражений по 10 темам повседневного общения (уровень intermediate).
Отличительной особенностью издания является «параллельное» изучение лексики и
грамматических конструкций, наиболее часто употребляемых в разговоре на заданную тему.
К основному учебнику, который одновременно служит рабочей тетрадью, прилагается
МР3 диск с озвученным лексическим материалом, текстами и диалогами.
Отдельной книгой изданы ответы-ключи к упражнениям настоящего пособия, что позво-
ляет его использовать для самостоятельной работы.
Современное оформление, визуальные «опоры», озвученныйматериал способствуют по-
вышению эффективности работы с пособием.
ББК 81.2Англ
© Дроздова Т. Ю., Тоткало Н. В., 2011
ISBN 978-5-94962-187-5 © ООО «Антология», 2011
ОТ АВТОРОВ
Учебное пособие “Everyday VOCABULARY + Grammar”предназначено для углублённого
изучения лексики английского языка по основным темам, связанным с повседневной жизнью
человека.
Пособие содержит 10 тематических разделов: Family and Relations, People, A Place to
Live, Daily Routine, The World of Work, Food and Meals, Shopping, Health and Illness, On the Move,
On Holiday.
Несомненным преимуществом данной работы является психологически обоснованный
подход к изучению лексики. Объём словарных блоков, предлагаемых по ходу развития
каждой новой темы, учитывает особенности работы памяти. Для лучшего запоминания слов
и усвоения материала созданыспециальные зрительные и слуховые «опоры», активно
задействована механическая память.
В учебнике более 400 различных упражнений, часть из них имеет звуковое сопро-
вождение, на прилагаемом MP3 диске. Озвученный лексический материал, тексты и
диалоги не только способствуют лучшему запоминанию, но и помогают выработать
правильное произношение без обращения к словарю и транскрипции.
Отличительной особенностью данной работы является то, что в пособии лексика и
грамматика соединены в единое целое. Они изучаются не как два раздельных аспекта
языка, а «параллельно», так же, как они существуют в языке.
Такой способ подачи материала ставит цель отойти от сложившейся практики изучения
языка, когда искусственный разрыв между лексикой и грамматикой препятствует его
успешному освоению.
На базе изучаемого словаря, повторяются грамматические конструкции, наиболее
часто употребляемые в текстах и диалогах на определённую тему. Грамматические
комментарии расположены непосредственно там, где по условиям общения, требуется
использование данной конструкции. Упражнения строятся исключительно на лексике
данного раздела и естественным образом вплетаются в его тематику.
Учебное пособие “Everyday VOCABULARY + Grammar” может быть использовано для
обучения студентов гуманитарных вузов и старшеклассников школ и гимназий с углублённым
изучением английского языка, а также всех учащихся, планирующих сдавать ЕГЭ.
В нашем учебном пособии большое внимание уделяется сочетаемости слов, употреб-
лению предлогов и фразовых глаголов. Поскольку знание особенностей употребления
3
лексических единиц в речи является определённым показателем уровня владения языком,
этот аспект составляет основную часть ЕГЭ по иностранному языку.
Работа с текстами также ориентирована натребования ЕГЭ.
Ответы-ключи, изданные отдельной книгой, позволяютуспешно использовать пособие
для самостоятельной работы.
Учебный материал изданияоснован непосредственно на реалиях современной жизни и
имеет не только познавательное, культурологическое, но и воспитательное значение.
Удобство расположения материала, визуальные «опоры», озвученный лексический
материали современное оформление повышают эффективность работыспособиеми делают
егоuser-friendly.
Т. Ю. Дроздова
Н. В. Тоткало
Contents
Unit 1.FAMILY andRELATIONS ............................................................................................8
1.1 Types of Families ....................................................................................................9
1.2 Family Relationships ............................................................................................15
Grammar: The verb TO BE in the Present Simple Tense (p. 10). Possessive (’s) (p. 11). Possessive and
Absolute Pronouns (p. 11). The Present Simple Tense (p. 15). The verb TOBE in the Past Simple Tense (p. 21).
The Past Simple Tense (p. 21). Asking Questions in the Past Simple Tense (p. 26). The Verb TOHAVE
in the Present Simple Tense (p. 27)
Unit 2. PEOPLE ..............................................................................................................32
2.1 Appearance ........................................................................................................32
2.2 Character ............................................................................................................49
Grammar: HAVE SOMETHING DONE Construction (p. 39). The Comparison of Adjectives (pp. 40, 46).
The Modal Verb SHOULD (pp. 54, 61)
Unit 3.A PLACE TO LIVE ......................................................................................................64
3.1 Types of Dwellings and Premises ............................................................................65
3.2 Looking for a Place to Live ....................................................................................75
3.3 Rooms and Interiors ..............................................................................................80
3.4 Interior Design and Redecoration ..........................................................................87
3.5 TheHousewarmingParty ......................................................................................93
Grammar: Prepositions and Adverbs of Place (pp.65, 81). THERE + BE construction (p. 67).
IT or THERE? (p. 74). Prepositions of Place and Direction (p. 84). The Word Order Adjective+ Noun (p. 86).
The Passive Voice (p. 90). Talking about Distance (p. 94)
Unit 4.DAILY ROUTINE ........................................................................................................95
4.1 GettingReady for Work/School ..............................................................................95
4.2 The Working Day Starts ........................................................................................99
4.3 After School/Work ..............................................................................................101
4.4 On the Go ..........................................................................................................103
4.5 AWorkingLifeEnds ............................................................................................109
4.6 AttheWeekend ..................................................................................................111
Grammar: Expressing Obligation and Necessity (p. 97). The Past Continuous and the Past Simple Tense (p. 100).
The Present Continuous Tense (p. 105). The Present Simple and the Present Continuous Tense (p.106).
The Past Continuous Tense (p. 108). USED TO (p. 110). Fixed Phrases with the Verbs DOand MAKE (p.113)
Unit 5.THE WORLD OF WORK ..........................................................................................114
5.1 What Is Your Job? What Do You Do? What Do You Do for a Living? ..........................114
5.2 Where Do They Work? ........................................................................................116
5.3 What Do You Do at Work? What Does Your Work Involve?
What are Your Main Duties and Responsibilities? ..................................................119
5.4 A Light Purse is a Heavy Curse ..............................................................................122
5.5 Looking for a Job ................................................................................................124
5.6 JobOpportunities ..............................................................................................135
5.7 LeavingtheService ............................................................................................137
Grammar: Use of Articles with the Nouns: SCHOOL/COLLEGE, HOSPITAL, WORK(p. 118).
Use of the Gerund (p. 125) . The Modal Verb CAN: Forms and Meanings (p. 133).
Conditional Sentences (Type I and II) (p. 136)
5
Unit 6.FOOD andMEALS ..................................................................................................140
6.1 Food ..................................................................................................................140
6.2 Ways of Cooking ................................................................................................152
6.3 Meals ................................................................................................................157
6.4 Going out for a Meal ............................................................................................163
Grammar: Countable and Uncountable Nouns (p. 143). Basic Uses of SOME and ANY (p. 144).
Use of Articles with Nouns of Material (p. 145). Quantifiers: MUCH /MANY, LITTLE /FEW, A LOT OF,
PLENTY OF (p. 149). Use of Articles with the Names of Meals: LUNCH, DINNER, TEA(p. 158).
Some Uses of SHALL and WILL (p. 170)
Unit 7. SHOPPING ............................................................................................................173
7.1 Shopping for Food ..............................................................................................174
7.2 Quantities and Package ......................................................................................187
7.3 Shopping Goes “Green” ......................................................................................189
7.4 Shopping for Goods ............................................................................................193
7.5 Dress Your Best ..................................................................................................199
7.6 The Changing Face of Shopping ..........................................................................211
Grammar: The Complex Subject Infinitive Construction (p. 180). The Present Perfect Tense (p. 183).
The Category of Number. Special Cases (p. 201). The Present Perfect Continuous Tense (p. 204)
Unit 8. HEALTH andILLNESS ............................................................................................213
8.1 The Resource for Everyday Life ............................................................................213
8.2 Human Body ......................................................................................................214
8.3 How Are You Today? ............................................................................................215
8.4 Health Problems ................................................................................................218
8.5 Diagnosing and Treatment ..................................................................................224
8.6 At the Dentist’s ..................................................................................................238
Grammar: Use of the Gerund (p. 216). A/AN or ZERO Article with Reference to Illness (p. 219).
Expressing Certainty and Possibility (p. 223). Indirect Command and Request (p. 227). Indirect Speech.
Reported Statement (p. 231). Indirect Questions (p. 234). Reporting a Dialogue or a Conversation (p. 236)
Unit 9. ON THE MOVE ........................................................................................................241
9.1 Why Do People Travel? ........................................................................................241
9.2 Travelling by Train ................................................................................................251
9.3 Travelling by Air ..................................................................................................257
9.4 Travelling by Sea ................................................................................................265
9.5 Travelling by Bus ................................................................................................270
9.6 Travelling by Car ................................................................................................272
Grammar: Use of Article with Geographical Names (p. 245). Prepositions with Forms of Transport (p. 247).
Talking about the Future (p. 255). HAD BETTER (NOT) DO SOMETHING, HAVE TO, SHOULD (p. 259)
Unit 10. ON HOLIDAY ........................................................................................................275
10.1 Holiday Accommodation ......................................................................................276
10.2 Different Things at Different Time ........................................................................285
Grammar: The Present Continuous and the Present Perfect Continuous Tense (p. 284). The Use of the Gerund
after the Verbs COME and GO (p. 288). The Use of ’S and S’ with Non-Living Things (p. 288). Non-Defining Relative
Clauses (p. 296). Adverb or Adjective? (p. 296). Questions Tags (p. 298)
6
APPENDICES ....................................................................................................................299
Appendix 1 English-Russian Dictionary ....................................................................299
Appendix 2 British/American English ........................................................................302
Appendix 3 Spelling Differences Between British English and American English ..........304
Appendix 4 Some Useful Verbs ................................................................................306
Appendix 5 Expressions with the Verb TO BE ............................................................308
Appendix 6 Connectives and Transitional Phrases for Sentence Openings ..................309
Appendix 7 The Numeral ........................................................................................310
Appendix 8 The Old Units of Measurement ..............................................................312
Appendix 9 Dates ..................................................................................................314
Appendix 10 List of Irregular Verbs ............................................................................315
LITERATURE ......................................................................................................................319
1
FAMILY and RELATIONS
Alex and Fiona Smith are grandparents now. They have two children: Linda and Bob. Alex is their
fatherand Fiona is their mother. Linda is Bob’s sisterand Bob is Linda’s brother. Linda and Bob
aredeeply attachedto their parents.
Lindais married toBen Jones. He is her husband. Ben Jones is Alex and Fiona’s son-in-law.
Bob is also married. His wife’s name is Daisy. Her maiden name isDaisy Robertson. Now she is
Daisy Smith. Daisy is Alex and Fiona’s daughter-in-law.
Ben is Bob’s brother-in-lawand Daisy is Linda’s
sister-in-law.
Ben and Linda Jones have two children: a
son Clif and a daughter Carol. They are
twins.
Bob and Daisy Smith have only one child
Colin. Clif, Carol and Colin are Alex and
Fiona’s grandchildren. So, the Smiths
have two grandsons and one
granddaughter.
Linda is Colin’s auntand Ben is his
uncle. Daisy and Bob are Clif and
Carol’s aunt and uncle. Clif is their
nephewand Carol is their niece. Clif,
Carol and Colin are cousins.
8
1.1 Types of Families
A nuclear family An extended family
A childless family
A single-parent family
Ex 1.Complete these sentences with an appropriate word from A, B or C.
1. In spite of being a ............................... family, the Smiths are very happy and close to each
other. Besides, they are going to adopt several children soon.
A.extended B. nuclear C. childless
2. Mr and Mrs Papatatl live in a house with their aged parents, children and grandchildren. They
are a typical example of a traditional ............................... family.
A. nuclear B. enlarged C. extended
3. Mrs Jones lives on her own and brings up her son. There are a lot of ...............................
families like hers.
A. single-parent B. mother-only C. mono-parent
9
Ex 2. Complete the Memory Box.
Grammar
X IMMEDIATE FAMILY
O
B husband .........................

RY ......................... daughter
O To speak about a family you will
M father ......................... need the verbTO BE(быть, являть-
ME ....................... grandmother ся, находиться).
grandson .........................
POSITIVE FORM
parents ......................... I am
......................... grandchildren he/she/it is
we/you/they are
RELATIONS/RELATIVES
I’m, he’s, we’re
uncle .........................
......................... niece NEGATIVE FORM
father-in-law ......................... I am not
......................... daughter-in-law he/she/it is not
we/you/they are not
I’m not, he isn’t, we aren’t
Ex 3.Fill in the right words. QUESTION
Am I?
TIES OF RELATIONSHIP Is he/she/it?
Are we/you/they?
1. Your relatives on your wife’s side are: your wife’s
 Betty isBob’s sister.
sister is your ............... , and her brother is your  Their parents areboth doctors.
............... . Your parents refer to your wife as their  Colin isn’tat school today, he is
............... while your brothers and sisters refer to her ill.
as their ............... . Your wife’s parents speak of you
as their ............... .
2. Someone’s second wife speaks of her husband’s children as her ............... , whereas the
latter speak of her as their ............... . Someone’s second husband also refers to his wife’s
children as his ............... while the latter speak of him as their ............... .
3. If your stepfather or stepmother already has children from an earlier marriage, those children
become your ............... and ............... .
4. A brother or sister with whom you share only one parent is your ............... or ............... .
X
To ask a question we put the present (or past) O SECOND MARRIAGE
B
simple of the verb TO BEat the beginning of the
Y stepson stepdaughter
sentence, before the subject. R
O stepfather stepmother
 Arethey a big family? M
 IsBetty older than Bob? E stepbrother stepsister
M
half-brother half-sister
10